English Philosopher that said our environment shapes who we become...we are born "tabula rasa" (a blank slate)

His theories like Natural Selection form the basis of of Evolutionary Psychology

Taught 1st Psych class in America at Harvard. Wrote 1st Psych Text. Father of American Psychology.

Civil War Nurse. Fought for more humane treatment of mental patients.

Father of Psychoanalysis. Believed behavior is result of repressed memories and unconscious impulses & desires.

Father of Behaviorism. Little Albert Study showed fears can be classically conditioned.

1st woman to complete PhD requirements & be given her Harvard Diploma.

Opened 1st lab in 1879 in Germany to specifically study human behavior. Father of Modern Psychology.

Identified area of the left hemispheres that comprehends speech we hear. If damaged, responses are nonsensical.

Identified area in the left frontal lobe that allows us to produces speech/form words.

Studies split-brain patients to better understand the special functions that are found in each hemisphere of the brain.

His chimp study demonstrated that animals also experience INSIGHT LEARNING ...that aha moment.

Experimented with split-brain surgery.

Accidental neuroscience pioneer. His accident prompted researchers to look at the special functions of different regions of the brain.

Studied the impact of MISINFORMATION on shaping memories & how to create FALSE MEMORIES.

Studies strings of nonsense syllables to better understand how we memorize/learn and also understand the process of forgetting.

Identified the principles of OPERANT CONDITIONING. Trained pigeons & rats in a special box using shaping.

Humanist. Said we all need unconditional positive regard to be the best version of ourselves.

Identified principles of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING with his famous dog study.

Showed TASTE AVERSIONS can be learned through classical conditioning even if the response comes hours after exposed to the stimulus.

His case study is famous because he showed researchers that we have TWO SYSTEMS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

Said we are motivated to meet certain needs in a set order to reach self-actualization. One step has to be met before another can be met. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS.

His LAW OF EFFECT states behavior that is rewarded tends to be repeated.

Demonstrated that learned helplessness can be developed through conditioning.

Identified the capacity of our short-term memory as 5-9 chunks of info...Magic Rule of 7 + or - 2.

His rat maze studied showed we often create COGNITIVE MAPS of our environment w/out realizing & we show this LATENT LEARNING only when require/asked to do so.

He showed the importance of MODELING in OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING with is Bobo Doll study of aggressive behavior.

Area of psych focused on better understanding how we learn and techniques that might help teachers

Study how we change physically, cognitively, socially through every stage of life.

Design tools for measurements of human traits.

Mental health professional trained to help people work through issues/problems of daily life...NOT MENTAL DISORDERS.

Trained to diagnose & treat mental disorders...DOES NOT HAVE A MEDICAL LICENSE.

Studies how the brain impact behavior and the different functions of each region of the brain.

Involved in research about human behaviors and habits and how they impact our mental and physical well being.

Use principles of psychology in the work place.

Trained to diagnose & treat mental disorders. Has a MEDICAL LICENSE and can presrcibe drug treatments.

Develops/Utilizes principles of psychology to better understand criminals/crimes.

Short fibers extending from cell body that absorb neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap

Carries impulse away from the cell body in a neural transmission

Part of the neuron from which neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic gap.

Compartments inside the axon terminal button in which neurotransmitters are stored until released by a neural impulse

Fatty white substance that wraps around the axon to provide protection

Special cells that nourish our neurons..Schwann's cells fall into this category

Statement that best describes the intensity with which a neuron fires

Level of stimulation that is required to trigger an action potential/neural firing

Once a neuron fires, it cannot fire again until all segments return to resting potential. This period is called

Once a neuron fires, the neurotransmitters left in the synaptic gap are reabsorbed through a process called

Once a neuron fires, it can't fire again until all segments return to resting potential. This period is called:

Charges inside and outside of the neuron in resting potential are best described as

A brief electrical impulse that travels down the axon of a neuron is also called a(n):

Curare' is a poison that totally blocks he flow of acetylcholine. The result is the individual

When you see someone you are immediately attracted to, you may experience a euphoric feeling as this neurotransmitter stimulates your brain's reward pathways

Dr. Mack suspects Jeb is suffering from depression due to a lack of the neurotransmitter

Fight-or-Flight Responses we feel are triggered, in part, by the release of this excitatory neurotransmitter

Alzheimer's is associated with a lack of this neuotransmitter

This major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter helps slow the firing of neurons. If we lack enough of this NT, we may experience anxiety

Excitatory neurotransmitter. Too much can trigger seizures or migraines.

After biking the first 30 miles of a very hilly bike race, Sedrick felt a rush of relief from his aching muscles. This feeling of pain relief some call a "runner's high" is cause by a release of

Too little dopamine associated with

Too much dopamine is associated with

Sydnie slammed on the breaks and nearly missed sliding off in to a large ditch. Her fight-or-flight/stress response was clearly triggered because she felt:

One physiological response that slows during the fight-or-flight/stress response

Division of the autonomic nervous system that triggers fight-or-flight

Division of autonomic nervous system that, after fight-or-flight, returns our body to normal breathing, heart rate, etc. ...rest or digest

MASTER GLAND of the endocrine system...also secretes growth hormone

Endocrine system gland triggered by darkness to secrete melatonin to help us sleep

Regulates our metabolism

Records the electrical waves that cross the surface of our brain. Used to diagnose seizure disorders and in sleep studies.

Jess fell off her bike and hit her head. To rule out a skull fracture the doctor used this scan that creates 3-D images of hard structures

Mick fell snowboarding and twisted his knee. To check for ligament or other soft tissue damage, the doctor used this type of scan

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

All nervous system branches & divisions NOT in the brain and spinal cord

Brainstem structure that regulates heartbeat and breathing

Brainstem structure that triggers REM Sleep

Brainstem structure that filters info from environment & regulate our level of conscious awareness...damage could cause a coma

Emotional center of the brain

Limbic system structure associated with fear and aggression

Limbic system structure that regulates hunger, thirst, blood pressure and sex drive

Sits on top of the brainstem. Routes sensory info to the right area of brain for processing (except smell)

Processes EXPLICIT & EPISODIC MEMORIES

Cerebral Cortex lobe associated with critical thinking, judgement, impulse control, planning, etc.

Somatosensory cortex is located at the front of this lobe

Hearing is processed here

Vision is processed here

In 97% of the population, language/speech areas of the brain are located in the

Speech area in left frontal lobe that allows us to speak/form words

Allows us to understand spoken speech. If damaged, person may reply with nonsensical sentences.

Facial recognition memory resides in the

Area of hypothalamus that SUPPRESSES HUNGER...tells us we are full

Area of the hypothalamus that triggers hunger

Bundle of nerves between right and left hemisphere that allow the 2 to communicate

Processes IMPLICIT MEMORIES...Procedural/Repetition.

The nervous system is very active, even though we are deeply asleep during REM, so this stage is sometimes called

Feeling of floating, falling that may occur during Stage 1 sleep

Censored, clear, obvious meaning of a dream NOT the symbolic meaning

Sleep disorder-Person stops breathing several times a night.

Sleep Disorder-Person may feel overwhelming fatigue & even drop suddenly into a deep sleep

Theory dreams are result of random stimulation of neurons as we sleep

3 Stages of Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Model in order

Best way to encode information

Type of sensory memory that allows us to remember sounds for a few seconds...but we forget them if we don't pay attention.

Type of sensory memory that allows us to remember images for a few tenths of a second...but we forget them if we don't pay attention.

General facts, vocabulary, and personal experiences are EXPLICIT MEMORIES & processed by our

Riding a bike, playing an instrument, performing a dance routine automatically after much repetition are all examples of

Where an item appears in a list can impact how well we remember that item is a concept known as

Capacity of Short-Term Memory

Serial Position effect state we are most likely to FORGET items from

If you take the time to analyze, find connections, and add meaning to info when studying you are using

Breaking info in to smaller, manageable units to remember...ROY G BIV, PEMDAS, FOIL

Emotionally charged memories made with assistance of stress hormones...activate amygdala when recalled

Ebbinghaus said forgetting happens

Choosing just the right words & phrasing to influence how individual response to a question/feel about an issue is called

Time consuming, systematic, step-by-step problem solving method that guarantees correct solution

Quick, rule-of-thumb problem solving strategy...e.g. on "i before e except after c" for spelling. NOT always accurate.

Can't remember old password. Keep typing in new password. NEW IS INTERFERING WITH OLD.

Ted typed in his old password too many times and was locked out of his account. OLD INFO WAS INTERFERING WITH REMEMBERING NEW

Smallest unit of language...NO MEANING

Syd picked Frank for his basketball team because he was 6'10". Syd's selection was likely guided by the

Sasha will not let her 16 year-old teenage daughter ever go to the mall alone after watching a special on kidnapping. Sasha's decision is guided by the

Neurons that work only in the brain and spinal cord

Sallie came in angry and tossed her keys. She could not remember where they were until she got angry again.

Multiple Choice tests only ask you to remember which of the provided choices is correct. Example of using

Essay questions ask you to retrieve info from your memory with no cues/triggers. They ask you to use

We tend to remember info best when we try to recall that info in the same location in which encoded the info shows the power of ___________on memory

The fact that Aaron Ralston would dream and became obsessed with thoughts of eating and drinking seems to indicate he obsessed with

When Aron became so thirsty that he drank his own urine, this behavior would be best explained by which theory of motivation

Aron Ralston continues to mountain climb and participate in other thrill seeking activities. This is best explained by which theory of motivation

Reading simply for the personal pleasure it brings to you.

Doing something only because you receive some sort of external reward...points. grades, money, trophies, etc.

Person has obsession with not becoming obese to the point they eat hardly anything despite how thin they become

Eating disorder in which person eats large amounts of food but afterward vomits, takes laxatives, exercises to extreme

Person eats large amounts and after feels great remorse and self-hatred. DOES NOT VOMIT, ETC.

Once we begin to be rewarded extrinsically for something we originally enjoyed intrinsically it sometimes decreases the joy we one felt

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order from 1st to last

Hunger hormone created in the stomach

Each night we pass through several sleep cycles of about ___ minutes each

Sleep hormone triggered by the Pineal gland

Dogs strapped in and shocked eventually stopped trying to escape ..demonstrated a condition known as

Unlearned Stimulus is associated with a neutral stimulus to trigger an involuntary response.

Voluntary behavior is followed by a consequence that will either reinforce or decrease that behavior is the basis of

Foundation of operant conditioning is the processing of using rewards one small step at a time to get to the desired behavior ...called

Bandura study of aggression showed the power of ______ in observational learning.

Anything that INCREASES the likelihood a behavior will occur again

Any consequence that follows a behavior and DECREASES the likelihood that that behavior will happen again

Food and drink are examples of

Grades, points, money, trophies, are all examples of

Remembering things at the bottom of a list best

Remembering things at the beginning of this list second best is known as the

States that we do best at easy tasks when our arousal level is high, and best at difficult tasks when it is moderately low