alternate forms of a gene

a genotype that contains different alleles.

the physical description of a trait.

the study of heredity

stores and transmits genetic information

the basic unit of structure and function in an organism

the process by which a cell gets rid of wastes

the cell is preparing to divide

the rigid outer layer of the plant cell.

considered the "father of genetics"

RNA is produced during this process.

also called a primary consumer

lack a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

the division of the cell's cytoplasm

the building blocks of nucleic acids

the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell than inside.

make their own food.

the powerhouse of the cell; makes ATP.

a cross involving only one trait.

consumes producers.

contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.

a cross involving two traits

examples include transfer, ribosomal, and messenger.

the process of bringing materials into a cell

secondary consumer

the process by which plant cells take on water

discovered the structure of DNA

the concentration of solutes is lower outside than inside the cell.

a "meat eater"

the division of the cell's nucleus

transfers amino acids to the ribosome.

makes proteins; located in the cytoplasm

only 10% of energy is available to organisms at the next trophic level.

states that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine.

location of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.

an error in DNA replication can cause

controls what enters and exits the cell

DNA coils tightly and forms chromosomes; nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear.

a sequence of 3 nucleotides on a DNA strand.

modifies, packages, and directs proteins to various parts of the cell.

the predator at the top of the food chain or food web.

responsible for photosynthesis in the plant cell.

chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.

single stranded; contains the sugar ribose; contains the base uracil.

eats both plants and animals

the concentration of solutes is the same outside and inside the cell.

plants; organisms that can make their own food.

stores water, enzymes and metabolic wastes.

the passing of traits from parents to offspring.

shows how energy moves through an ecosystem

makes ribosomes

sequence of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA strand that correspond to a particular amino acid.

the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

consists of the soil, water, weather, and organisms living in a particular area.

the movement of molecules through protein doorways in the cell membrane.

chromosomes separate at the centromere and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.

plants or autotrophs

movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

the process by which a plant cell loses water.