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WorksheetsUnit 6 - Genetic Variation
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 32mins
What are the building blocks of DNA called?
amino acids
RNA polymerase
nucleotides
replication
What are the 3 correct parts of a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base, hydrogen bond, and sugar
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
Sugar, amino acid, phosphate
Hydrogen bond, sugar, phosphate
If we start with a DNA code that reads CTT AGC, what would the complimentary strand look like?
GAA TCG
AGG GTC
GAA CTG
GAT TGC
What is the term that is used to describe a DNA molecule that has been wound tightly into a package?
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Chromosome
mRNA
Where can we find chromosomes in most living organisms?
Ribosome
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Proteins
If we analyzed a strand of DNA and noticed that 19% of the bases were Thymine, what would be true about the Adenine bases?
Adenine would equal the remaining 81% of the bases
We cannot determine an answer based on the information provided.
To know how much adenine there will be, we need a number for cytosine - which is its base pair.
Adenine would equal the thymine, being about 19%
What is true about a DNA code that has 32% cytosine and 18% adenine?
It will have 32% thymine.
It will have 18% guanine.
It will have 18% thymine,
Cytosine should match adenine, so this data is incorrect.
Different forms of genes that provide variation in traits are known as what?
Alleles
Proteins
Nucleotides
Ribosomes
How do alleles create different variations of a trait?
They are made up of different proteins.
They are made up of different DNA strands.
They are made up of different sugars.
They are made up of different nucleotides.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Nucleotides
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
The first step of using DNA to determine a trait requires a molecules that copies the DNA this molecule is called what?
Protein
Amino Acid
tRNA
mRNA
When the mRNA takes the DNA instructions to the ribosome, tRNA reads it to determine the correct order of what?
Nucleotides
Proteins
Amino Acids
Nitrogen bases
What final product of translation determines what a trait looks like or how it functions?
An mRNA molecule
A protein
A DNA sequence
A ribosome
Even though we all have the same 4 bases that determine our genetic code, how do individuals have variations in their traits?
Each base codes for a different protein, which form different traits.
A protein codes for a different order of bases in each individual and this creates varying traits.
A different order of the bases code for different amino acids which for a different protein.
The bases do not affect the outcome of our traits, only the amino acids do.
A mutation has happened in the following DNA code.
Original - ATT GCA TGC
Mutated - ATT GCA GGC
Which type of mutation has happened?
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
Translation
A mutation has happened in the following DNA code.
Original - ATT GCA TGC
Mutated - ATT GCA TAGC
Which type of mutation has happened?
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
Translation
A mutation has happened in the following DNA code.
Original - ATT GCA TGC
Mutated - ATG CAT GC
Which type of mutation has happened?
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
Translation
Do all mutations cause a change in the resulting trait?
Yes, because even one base change causes all amino acids to change
No, because a mutation is always repaired during replication
Yes, because a mutation directly affect the sugars in all nucleotides of the DNA code
No, because some changes will still code for the same amino acid
When will a mutation affect the trait that is expressed?
When the codon is translated into a different amino acid
Mutations do not affect a trait, as they are always repaired
When the protein copies the mRNA incorrectly
When an amino acid changes the DNA code itself
Which of the following factors in the environment can have an affect on an organism's trait?
Temperature
Stress
Diet
All of the above
If a rabbit has brown fur in the summer, but their fur turns to white in the winter when it snows, what has an affect on this trait?
Environment only
Genes only
Transcription of genes
Genes and the environment
What part of the nucleotide is represented by the A?
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
Sugar
Hydrogen Bond
What part of the nucleotide is represented by the B?
Phosphate
Hydrogen Bond
Sugar
Nitrogen Base
What part of the nucleotide is represented by the C?
Sugar
Nitrogen Base
Hydrogen Bond
Phosphate
If the DNA code read as GTT CAT, what would the complimentary mRNA code look like?
CAA CTA
CUU CAU
CAA GUA
ACC GUA
If the mRNA molecule reads as CAU GCA, what amino acids would be coded for?
Histidine and Valine
Leucine and Alanine
Histidine and Alanine
Leucine and Aspartic Acid
What would have to change in order for a mutation to have an affect on a trait?
If a mutated codon results in a different amino acids
Any base change will result in a messed up trait
A base must be deleted from the code to cause the trait to change
If the mRNA codon has a change but codes for the same amino acid
If my original DNA code read as GGT ATC, and
the mutated code read as GGT ATA, would this result in a different trait?
No, one base change never makes a difference.
Yes, because any base change always makes a difference in a trait.
No, the mutation did not code for a different amino acid.
Yes, the mutated codon resulted in a different amino acid.
Why is it important to make an mRNA molecule before making a protein?
mRNA is responsible for bringing over amino acids to put together a protein.
The DNA uses the appropriate amino acids in order to form mRNA, which results in a trait.
We need a copy of the DNA instructions to leave the nucleus and go to the ribosome where proteins are made.
mRNA is not needed to make a protein; proteins make mRNA.
There are many traits that are similar between all humans. What is the terms for differences in these traits?
Chromosome
Proteins
Variations
Genes
In what process is mRNA synthesized?
Transcription
Translation
DNA Replication
Mitosis
Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found?
because DNA can't leave
because ribosomes are in the nucleus
because DNA polymerase is found there
because helicase unzips the DNA
Which of the following is a codon?
ATG
AUG
AUT
How many codons equals 1 amino acid?
1
2
3
4
How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?
1
2
3
4
On which molecule can an anticodon be found?
mRNA
DNA
tRNA
rRNA
Where is the anticodon located?
at the top of the molecule it's found on
at the bottom of the molecule it's found on
on the right of the molecule it's found on
on the left of the molecule it's found on
What is the purpose for anti-codons?
to ensure the correct amino acid is dropped off
to match the strand of DNA
to decode a sequence of 4 nucleotides into an amino acid
to make me hate biology
A polypeptide is a sequence of ____________________ held together by a ______________ bond.
amino acids; peptide
fatty acids; ionic
proteins; hydrogen
fatty acids; covalent
Which two thing are found on a molecule of tRNA?
amino acids; anticodons
amino acids; codons
ribose sugar; proteins
deoxyribose sugar; codons
How do you know when to begin translating a strand of mRNA?
look for AUG
start at the beginning
look for ATG
when Ms. H tells me to
How do you know when to STOP translating a strand of mRNA?
look for STOP on the decoder
stop at the end of the strand
you don't
when Ms. H tells me to
TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT
AUGCAAUGA
ATGCAATGA
AUGGATUGA
TACGTTACT
TRANSLATE this RNA sequence: AUGCAAUGA
Met-Glu-Stop
Met-His-Stop
Thr-Glu-Stop
Thr-Pro-Stop
A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with
deoxyribose sugar and uracil
ribose sugar and cytosine
deoxyribose sugar and thymine
ribose sugar and adenine
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.)
amino acids
nucleotides
fatty acids
polysaccharides
The important enzyme related with transcription is;
gyrase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
ligase
