Fur traders and trappers

required military service

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.

pride in one's country

The Northern States during the Civil War

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

a citizen of another country; foreign, strange

candidate that receives the backing of his home state rather than of the national party

Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war.

a firm decision to do or not to do something.

A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

the possession and settling of an area shared by two or more countries

farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

laws to control slaves

A huge outdoor religious meeting

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional

to join the armed forces

to cancel

The authority of a court to hear a case

farm crop raised to be sold for money

Colonists who supported the British government during the American Revolution

supporters of the Constitution

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

an act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler.

A group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies

firmly established, dug in

citizen soldiers who could be ready to fight at a minute's notice

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.

a group of advisers to the president

rebellion or resistance against the government

a person who wanted to end slavery

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service.

to add on

the right to sail the seas and not take sides in a war

a law

A financial security that represents a promise to repay a fixed amount of funds

a settlement of differences in which each side gives up something

to force a person or group of people to move

a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials

a change to the constitution

a belief that ultimate power resides in the people

a tax on imported goods

candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half

the right to vote

a method in election campaigns that uses gossip and lies to make an opponent look bad.

a worker hired by a planter to watch over and direct the work of slaves

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

a refusal to buy or use goods and services

to change for the better

an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action. (a situation that sets an expectation)

American colonist who favored American independence

a ban on trade

a covered wagon used by pioneers in cross-country travel

powers given to the state government alone

a form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

warship covered with protective iron plates

people who went to California during the gold rush of 1849

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

a system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders to make decisions about the laws for all the people.

chief executive's (president) power to reject a bill passed by a legislature

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president

legal process to obtain citizenship

a group of people in one place who a ruled by a parent country elsewhere

to cancel an act or a law

consistent; unchanging; the same for everyone

the candidate or party that wins more than half the votes cast in an election

a legislature consisting of two parts or houses

following established legal procedures

to leave or withdraw

unprocessed natural products used in production

the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth

a system in which power is divided between the nation and state government

issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22,1862. It declared that all slaves in the Confederate states would be free