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WorksheetsPMA 3 Review
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins
The drinking of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman is harmful to the development of her fetus. This is most damaging early in a pregnancy because during this time ____________.
the lungs of the fetus become functional.
alcohol can easily enter the mouth of the fetus.
many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming.
the fetus cannot excrete wastes.
Which of the following is true of a zygote?
It forms into a blastocyst
It is an unfertilized egg
It produces haploid male gametophytes
It is made up of only one cell
Look at the diagram of the male reproductive system. Which structure is represented by the letter D?
scrotum
testes
prostate gland
epididymides
Look at the diagram of the male reproductive system. Which structure is represented by the letter F?
scrotum
prostate gland
vas deferens
seminal vesicle
Look at the diagram of the male reproductive system. Which structure is represented by the letter E?
urethra
vas deferens
seminal vesicle
epididymides
What is the human embryo called after the eighth week of development?
a zygote
an infant
a fetus
a morula
Look at the diagram of the female reproductive system. Which structure is represented by the letter C?
vagina
cervix
urethra
uterus
Look at the diagram of the female reproductive system. Which structure is represented by the letter A?
vagina
uterus
bladder
urethra
Look at the diagram of the female reproductive system. Which structure is represented by the letter C?
uterus
urethra
vagina
cervix
Look at the diagram of the brain. Which letter represents the medulla oblongata?
B
C
D
E
Look at the diagram of the brain. Which structure is represented by the number 1?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Look at the diagram of the brain. Which structure is represented by the number 2?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
What does the image represent?
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Natural selection
Mutation
What does the image represent?
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Founder effect
Natural selection
What type of cell does the image represent?
Bacterial cell
Fungal cell
Animal cell
Plant cell
Which of the following structures is found in both animal and plant cells?
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Large central vacuole
Plant cells that are specialized for cell division are most likely found in what part of the plant?
root tips
leaf epidermis
stem epidermis
vascular tissue
If the xylem in a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?
performing photosynthesis
transporting sugar to the roots
transporting water to the leaves
absorbing water from the soil
Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction.
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product.
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction.
The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
The enzyme’s activity continually increases as pH increases from 5.0 to 9.0
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 than around pH of 5.0
A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which physiological adaptation would be most useful to the plant?
colorful flowers
large leaves
deep roots
thin cuticle
Which structure in the leaf controls the opening and closing of the stoma?
cuticle
epidermis
guard cell
spongy mesophyll
Which statement describes the role of flowers in plant survival?
Flowers can absorb carbon dioxide for sugar production.
Flowers produce oxygen through cellular respiration.
Flowers contain cells that carry out photosynthesis.
Flowers contain cells that produce gametes.
What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms?
antibodies
lymph nodes
white blood cells
the skin
White blood cells are an important part of the human immune response. Two types of white blood cells, neutrophils and macrophages, act as phagocytes. Phagocytes perform which of the following functions in the human body?
They produce antibodies.
They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells.
They form a barrier against pathogens.
They engulf and destroy bacteria.
Many species of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics because antibiotics have been so widely used. Now, bacteria that used to be killed by antibiotics are more difficult to treat. What is the best way to proceed in dealing with this public health problem?
Antibiotics should no longer be used.
Antibiotics should be made available to anyone without a prescription.
Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections.
Anti-viral medications should now be used instead of antibiotics.
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?
Neither responds to antibiotics.
Both respond to antibiotics.
Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not.
Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.
In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts, which may reduce the amount of activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. In the graphs, pathway x is a solid line representing the uncatalyzed reaction. The dotted line shows the catalyzed reaction. Which graph best illustrates the changes in a reaction when the catalyst reduces the amount of energy required?
A
B
C
D
You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound?
lipid
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
RNA and DNA are which type of macromolecules?
nucleic acid
lipid
carbohydrate
protein
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar (carbohydrate) lactose into which of the following components?
monosaccharides
nucleotides
amino acids
phospholipids
The image represents the structure of _______.
a nucleotide
an amino acid
a fatty acid
a monosaccharide
The image represents the structure of ________.
a monosaccharide
an amino acid
a fatty acid
a nucleotide
Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what?
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
proteins
lipids
Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?
one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands
two molecules, each with one original and one new strand
two molecules, each with two new strands
two molecules, each with two old strands
The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
4
8
12
20
Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?
the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
the release of messenger RNA from DNA
A diagram of a cellular process is shown. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
Translation
Translocation
Replication
Transcription
During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.
Yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.
Yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.
Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.
It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.
Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?
mRNA
tRNA
nRNA
rRNA
A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell?
A prokaryotic animal cell
A prokaryotic plant cell
A eukaryotic animal cell
A eukaryotic plant cell
Which of the following are prokaryotes?
animals
bacteria
plants
fungi
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is TRUE?
Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
Only species Y is aerobic.
Only species Y is anaerobic.
Both species X and Y are aerobic.
Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
The pH of the water in several lakes in Norway and Sweden had decreased to below 5.0 due to an increase in acid rain. Which of the following is most likely to happen in these lakes?
the decline of several fish populations
an increase in numbers of fish
an increase in the amount of primary producers
increased predator-prey relationships
Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population of organisms?
reproductive replacement
life spans of the members
fluctuations in atmospheric temperature
availability of food
The number of pythons found throughout Everglades National Park has increased in recent years. These huge snakes are not native to Florida and are believed to have been released into the wild by pet owners. Wildlife biologists have initiated attempts to capture and remove these pythons. Which statement best explains the biologists' reasons for removing these pythons from the Everglades?
The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.
The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.
The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native population to decline.
The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.
Why are there so few aquatic plants and phytoplankton that live at the bottom zones in the ocean?
The ocean floor contains many decomposers.
Most sunlight is absorbed before reaching these levels.
Water is a limiting factor.
The temperature in these zones is extremely low.
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
passive transport by diffusion
active transport using ATP
passive transport by osmosis
phagocytosis
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to ________.
reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
increase the rate of air pollution.
reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms.
cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests.
The scientific theory of evolution is supported by different types of evidence. The diagrams below show the skeletons of two different animal species. How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?
It provides information about the organisms' habitats.
It shows possible common ancestry between organisms.
It provides information to determine the organisms' ages.
It shows possible chromosomal similarities between organisms.
Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
prokaryotic and aerobic
prokaryotic and anaerobic
eukaryotic and aerobic
eukaryotic and anaerobic
The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?
Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.
Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.
The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.
No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.
