All the living and non-living things that interact in an area is called an ________.

________________ refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth's surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The _________________ is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere.

_________________ (especially rain forests) - destroys the organisms that naturally remove CO₂ from the atmosphere and produce the O₂ we need for respiration!

All organisms in the same species in an area is called a ________.

All the populations in an area are called a ________.

What kind of energy enters the ecosphere?

Why is the ecosphere and the Earth considered to be closed systems?

Matter is _________ by organisms in an ecosystem.

IN the Carbon cycle, carbon from biomolecules is released as _______ by all organisms in cellular respiration.

In the ________ cycle, decomposers, (like bacteria) recycle nitrogen from waste and dead tissue into forms plants can use.

In the Nitrogen cycle, some _______ can convert N₂ gas to usable nitrogen.

Increased CO₂ (and certain other gases) in the atmosphere is causing Earth’s temperature to ______.

Rising global ____________ cause

melting glaciers and ice caps which make sea levels rise, cause changes in global weather patterns, cause increases in severe weather events, and can eventually lead to a decrease in biodiversity.

In nature ________ is recycled through photosynthesis and respiration.

What inputs and outputs should go into the box labeled 1?

What inputs and outputs should go into the box labeled 2?

What inputs and outputs should go into the box labeled 3?

What inputs and outputs should go into the box labeled 4?

What inputs and outputs should go into the box labeled 5?

The ______ is the original source of energy for an ecosystem.

Products of ___________ directly or indirectly provide energy for all organisms.

Every _____ pounds eaten ≈ one pound of new body tissue (“biomass”) available as food to next organism up the chain. The rest of is used for life activities, then lost as heat.

When one organism eats another:

It gets the energy stored in the tissue of that organism .

*About 90% of that energy is used by the “eater” to get energy for its own life processes.

*Once used, the energy is lost from the ecosystem as heat.

*The remaining ____% of the energy is stored in new tissue (biomass). This stored energy is all that is available to the next organism up the food chain.

Autotrophs that make their own food from energy from the sun are called ________.

Organisms that make their own food are called? (also known as producers)

When one organism eats another:

It gets the energy stored in the tissue of that organism .

*About 90% of that energy is used by the “eater” to get energy for its own life processes.

*Once used, the energy is lost from the ecosystem as _______.

*The remaining 10% of the energy is stored in new tissue (biomass). This stored energy is all that is available to the next organism up the food chain.

The dry weight of all the organisms in a particular group is called _______.

Heterotrophs that eat producers and/or other animals are called _________.

Heterotrophs that eat waste & dead bodies of organisms, making elements in them available to plants (and eventually, animals) are called _____________.

What are three examples of decomposers?

A linear sequence of who eats whom in an ecosystem is best represented in a ____________.

Energy eventually leaves ecosystems in the form of _________.

A model that shows all possible food chains (feeding relationships) within an ecosystem is called a ____________.

Each step in a food chain or “feeding level” is called a ____________.

In the ecosphere, the energy from the bacteria and shrimp as they break down their food is released as ATP and used by organism for life activities and some is lost to surroundings as ______.

How much energy is lost at each trophic level?

How much energy would there be at the secondary consumer level?

This diagram best represents what type of model?

A _______________ is any sex cell. (egg or sperm)

What process is being shown in the part of the diagram labeled B?

What process is being shown in the part of the diagram labeled A?

A __________________ is a fertilized egg (a cell that is formed when an egg and a sperm combine).

Each parent gives one chromosome from each pair of their homologous chromosomes. Which one given is _____________.

What is the male sex cell (gamete)?

What is the joining of a sperm and egg cell called?

Chromosomes that look the same and have genes for the same traits, but not necessarily the same versions of the genes are called ____.

A cell/organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set from the father. This is also known as 2n.

If this were a human cell how many chromosomes would be in the cells of the diagram labeled B?

Different versions of genes for the same trait

What is this diagram showing?

Mom always gives an X chromosome. Dad gives __________ (random chance).

Each parent gives _______ of their chromosomes to their offspring.

How many gamete combinations are possible for each human from random assortment?

What is this picture showing?

MUTATIONS, Fertilization, Meiosis, Random assortment, and Crossing over are all sources of _________ in humans

What are the structures labeled A?

The female sex cell

A form of dominance in which the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed thereby resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive is called_____________?

____________________ is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele and this results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles.

In Achondroplasia the following genotypes and phenotypes are observed.

(D,D) = Severe (lethal) Achondroplasia

(D,d) = Achondroplasia

(d,d) = Normal

If a male with achondroplasia and a normal female had children, what would be the the possible genotypes of their children?

In Achondroplasia the following genotypes and phenotypes are observed.

(D,D) = Severe (lethal) Achondroplasia

(D,d) = Achondroplasia

(d,d) = Normal

If a male with achondroplasia and female with achondroplasia had children, what would be the chance that their children would have severe (lethal) achondroplasia?

What would be the phenotypic ratio of a cross between a pink flower plant and a white flower plant?

What would be the genotypic ratio of a cross between a pink flower plant and a pink flower plant?

What percentage of the flowers will be pink in a cross between a pink flower plant and a pink flower plant?

Using P for white allele and p for red allele, what would be the genotype of pink flowered plants?

Using P for white allele and p for red allele, what would be the genotype of white flowered plants?

What percentage of the flowers will be red in a cross between a pink flower plant and a white flower plant?

What is the genotype for speckled chickens?

What would be the genotypic ratio of a cross between a white feathered chicken with a speckled chicken?

What would be percentage of black feathered chickens in a cross between a white feathered chicken with a speckled chicken?

What is the pattern of inheritance for the crosses between the 3 variations of chickens for feather color?

What is the pattern of inheritance for the crosses between the 3 variations of plants for flower color?

In a certain cattle there are red haired cattle, white haired cattle, and roan cattle that have red and white hairs. What would be the possible percentage of roan cattle in a cross between a white cow and a roan bull?

A father has type AB blood and the mother has type O. What percentage of their offspring would you expect to have?

A father is heterozygous for his type A blood and a mother is heterozygous for her type B blood. What percentage of their offspring would you expect to have?

What are the 4 major blood types?

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X ^R X ^r ?

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X ^R Y ?

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red is dominant to white. What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X ^R X ^R ?

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X ^r Y ?

What are the genotypes of these flies:

white eyed, male ?

What are the genotypes of these flies:

white eyed, female ?

What are the genotypes of these flies:

red eyed, male ?

In a cross between a pure red eyed female and a white eyed male, what would the genotypes of the parents be?

Look at this cross: X^B X^B x X^b Y

What proportion/percent of the male children are colorblind?

Look at this cross: X^BX^b x X^BY

What proportion of the male children are colorblind?

H= normal blood clotting

h=hemophilia

X^HX^h x X^HY

What is the probability that any of their offspring will have hemophilia?

Who could possibly be the parents of baby 1?

Who could NOT be the parents of baby 2?

What does this picture represent?

What does tRNA bring to the ribosome during translation?

consist of either one or two long chains of repeating units called nucleotides. DNA and RNA are the two main types.

a nucleic acid that is generally single stranded, contains the sugar ribose, and is used in the process of making proteins.

The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is an organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

What is the structure labeled “F”?

What does this picture represent?

What is the structure labeled “C”? This is where translation takes place.

What is the structure labeled “G”?

What is the structure labeled “D”?

What is the structure labeled “A”?

What is the structure labeled “A”?

What is the structure labeled “B”?

A molecule composed of repeating units of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Made from genes in DNA.

Which bases pair together in RNA?

The mRNA codon AUU would code for……

The mRNA codon UAA would code for……

The DNA sequence TTTCATGGGAAA would make which of the following amino acid sequences?

The mRNA sequence GGGAAACCC would make which of the following amino acid sequences?

each 3-letter sequence in a DNA molecule codes for one of the 20 amino acids

each 3-letter sequence on tRNA that matches up to mRNA

the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

The process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein

Process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis (body cell division) or meiosis(sex cell division)

What is the name of this molecule?

occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.

is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.

The science of altering and cloning genes to produce a new trait in an organism or to make a biological substance, such as a protein or hormone.

What is the name of this molecule?

List following structures in order of smallest to largest. chromosome, gene, nucleotide, nucleus

What makes up the backbone or sides of DNA?

What type of bonds are found between the nitrogen bases in DNA?

What is the shape of DNA?

What is the name of the sugar in RNA?

What is the name of the sugar in DNA?