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WorksheetsBiology Keystone Vocab All Words
Total questions: 155
Worksheet time: 13hrs 55mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration that uses energy provided by ATP or a difference in electrical charges across a cell membrane.
a)
Active Transport
b)
Unicellular
c)
Translation
2.
The measure of the relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population; expressed as a proportion or percentage.
a)
Allele Frequency
b)
Adhesion
c)
Abiotic
3.
The intermolecular attraction between unlike molecules.
a)
Adhesion
b)
Abiotic
c)
Trophic Level
4.
A term that describes a nonliving factor in an ecosystem.
a)
Abiotic
b)
Trophic Level
c)
Transcription
5.
The artificial cultivation of food, fiber, and other goods by the systematic growing and harvesting of various organisms.
a)
Agriculture
b)
Active Transport
c)
Unicellular
6.
A variation of a gene's nucleotide sequence (an alternative form of a gene).
a)
Allele
b)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
c)
Vestigial Structure
7.
A molecule that provides energy for cellular reactions and processes.
a)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
b)
Vestigial Structure
c)
Translocation
8.
The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical and physical properties of that element.
a)
Atom
b)
Allele Frequency
c)
Adhesion
9.
A physical structure, present in multiple species, that is similar in function but different in form and inheritance.
a)
Analogous Structure
b)
Agriculture
c)
Active Transport
10.
A term that describes an organism associated with a water environment.
a)
Aquatic
b)
Allele
c)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
11.
The changing of organic matter into other chemical forms such as fuels.
a)
Biochemical Conversion
b)
Analogous Structure
c)
Agriculture
12.
A group of biomacromolecules that interact with biological systems and their environments.
a)
Biological Macromolecules
b)
Biochemical Conversion
c)
Analogous Structure
13.
The study of energy flow (energy transformations) into and within living systems.
a)
Bioenergetics
b)
Aquatic
c)
Allele
14.
The scientific study of life.
a)
Biology
b)
Bioenergetics
c)
Aquatic
15.
A large area or geographical region with distinct plant and animal groups adapted to that environment.
a)
Biome
b)
Biogeochemical Cycles
c)
Atom
16.
Any procedure or methodology that uses biological systems or living organisms to develop or modify either products or processes for specific use. This term is commonly associated with genetic engineering, which is one of many applications.
a)
Biotechnology
b)
Biology
c)
Bioenergetics
17.
The movement of abiotic factors between the living and nonliving components within ecosystems; also known as nutrient cycles (i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle).
a)
Biogeochemical Cycles
b)
Atom
c)
Allele Frequency
18.
The zone of life on Earth; sum total of all ecosystems on Earth.
a)
Biosphere
b)
Biological Macromolecules
c)
Biochemical Conversion
19.
Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules into and out of cells; also known as transport proteins.
a)
Carrier (Transport) Proteins
b)
Biotechnology
c)
Biology
20.
A term that describes a living or once-living organism in an ecosystem.
a)
Biotic
b)
Biome
c)
Biogeochemical Cycles
21.
A macromolecule that contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio and serves as a major source of energy for living organisms (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose).
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Biosphere
c)
Biological Macromolecules
22.
A substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or under different conditions (e.g., lower temperature) than otherwise possible without being changed by the reaction.
a)
Catalyst
b)
Biotic
c)
Biome
23.
A complex set of chemical reactions involving an energy transformation where potential chemical energy in the bonds of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.
a)
Cellular Respiration
b)
Catalyst
c)
Biotic
24.
The basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms. Cells have three common components: genetic material, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane. Eukaryotic cells also contain specialized organelles.
a)
Cell
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Biosphere
25.
The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. The main phases of the cell cycle are interphase, nuclear division, and cytokinesis.
a)
Cell Cycle
b)
Carrier (Transport) Proteins
c)
Biotechnology
26.
An organelle found in plant cells and the cells of other eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms where photosynthesis occurs.
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Cell
c)
Carbohydrate
27.
A change in the structure of a chromosome (e.g., deletion, the loss of a segment of a chromosome and thus the loss of segment containing genes; duplication, when a segment of a chromosome is duplicated and thus displayed more than once on the chromosome; inversion, when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse order; and translocation, when a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome).
a)
Chromosomal Mutation
b)
Cell Cycle
c)
Carrier (Transport) Proteins
28.
A process in which a cell, cell product, or organism is copied from an original source (e.g., DNA cloning, the transfer of a DNA fragment from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid; reproductive cloning, the transfer of genetic material from the nucleus of a donor adult cell to an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed for the purpose of creating an embryo that can produce an exact genetic copy of the donor organism; or therapeutic cloning, the process of taking undifferentiated embryonic cells [STEM cells] for use in medical research).
a)
Cloning
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Cell
29.
A single piece of coiled DNA and associated proteins found in linear forms in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and circular forms in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells; contains genes that encode traits. Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes.
a)
Chromosomes
b)
Cellular Respiration
c)
Catalyst
30.
When individuals or groups of organisms compete for similar resources such as territory, mates, water, and food in the same environment.
a)
Competition
b)
Co-dominance
c)
Chromosomal Mutation
31.
The intermolecular attraction between like molecules. Surface tension results from the cohesive properties of water.
a)
Cohesion
b)
Chromosomes
c)
Cellular Respiration
32.
Different populations of organisms interacting in a shared environment.
a)
Community (Ecological)
b)
Cloning
c)
Chloroplast
33.
A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic effect of two alleles in a heterozygous genotype express each phenotype of each allele fully and equally; a phenotype which would not be expressed in any other genotypic combination.
a)
Co-dominance
b)
Chromosomal Mutation
c)
Cell Cycle
34.
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms or their remains.
a)
Consumer (Ecological)
b)
Competition
c)
Co-dominance
35.
The measure of the amount or proportion of a given substance when combined with another substance.
a)
Concentration
b)
Cohesion
c)
Chromosomes
36.
The graduated difference in concentration of a solute per unit distance through a solution.
a)
Concentration Gradient
b)
Community (Ecological)
c)
Cloning
37.
An exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis; contributes to the genetic variability in gametes and ultimately in offspring.
a)
Crossing-over
b)
Concentration
c)
Cohesion
38.
A biological macromolecule that encodes the genetic information for living organisms and is capable of self-replication and the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA).
a)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
b)
Crossing-over
c)
Concentration
39.
The final phase of a cell cycle resulting in the division of the cytoplasm.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Concentration Gradient
c)
Community (Ecological)
40.
An organism that obtains nutrients by consuming dead and decaying organic matter which allows nutrients to be accessible to other organisms.
a)
Decomposer
b)
Consumer (Ecological)
c)
Competition
41.
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; a natural result of kinetic molecular energy.
a)
Diffusion
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Concentration Gradient
42.
The study of the relationships between organisms and their interactions with the environment.
a)
Ecology
b)
Diffusion
c)
Cytokinesis
43.
The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
a)
DNA Replication
b)
Decomposer
c)
Consumer (Ecological)
44.
A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic effect of one allele is completely expressed within a homozygous and heterozygous genotype.
a)
Dominant Inheritance
b)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
c)
Crossing-over
45.
A system composed of organisms and nonliving components of an environment.
a)
Ecosystem
b)
DNA Replication
c)
Decomposer
46.
An organelle, containing folded membranes and sacs, responsible for the production, processing, and transportation of materials for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell. There are two forms of this organelle: rough ER that has surface ribosomes and participates in the synthesis of proteins mostly destined for export by the cell and smooth ER that has no ribosomes and participates in the synthesis of lipids and steroids as well as the transport of synthesized macromolecules.
a)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
b)
Embryology
c)
Dominant Inheritance
47.
The branch of zoology studying the early development of living things.
a)
Embryology
b)
Dominant Inheritance
c)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
48.
A species that is found in its originating location and is generally restricted to that geographic area.
a)
Endemic Species
b)
Ecology
c)
Diffusion
49.
A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane.
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Ecosystem
c)
DNA Replication
50.
A process in which energy changes from one form to another form while some of the energy is lost to the environment.
a)
Energy Transformation
b)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
c)
Embryology
51.
A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes.
a)
Endosymbiosis
b)
Endemic Species
c)
Ecology
52.
A model that illustrates the biomass productivity at multiple trophic levels in a given ecosystem.
a)
Energy Pyramid
b)
Endocytosis
c)
Ecosystem
53.
A type of organism composed of one or more cells containing a membrane-bound nucleus, specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, and a mitotic nuclear division cycle.
a)
Eukaryote
b)
Energy Transformation
c)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
54.
The total surroundings of an organism or a group of organisms.
a)
Environment
b)
Endosymbiosis
c)
Endemic Species
55.
A protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst.
a)
Enzyme
b)
Energy Pyramid
c)
Endocytosis
56.
A process in which new species develop from preexisting species (biological evolution or macroevolution); a change in the allele frequencies of a population of organisms from generation to generation (genetic evolution or microevolution).
a)
Evolution
b)
Environment
c)
Endosymbiosis
57.
Located outside a cell.
a)
Extracellular
b)
Evolution
c)
Environment
58.
A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.
a)
Exocytosis
b)
Enzyme
c)
Energy Pyramid
59.
A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any known living individuals.
a)
Extinction
b)
Eukaryote
c)
Energy Transformation
60.
The preserved remains or traces of organisms that once lived on Earth.
a)
Fossils
b)
Food Chain
c)
Extinction
61.
A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier (transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy.
a)
Facilitated Diffusion
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Enzyme
62.
A simplified path illustrating the passing of potential chemical energy (food) from one organism to another organism.
a)
Food Chain
b)
Extinction
c)
Eukaryote
63.
The science of tests and techniques used during the investigation of crimes.
a)
Forensics
b)
Facilitated Diffusion
c)
Exocytosis
64.
The addition (insertion mutation) or removal (deletion mutation) of one or more nucleotides that is not indivisible by three, therefore resulting in a completely different amino acid sequence than would be normal. The earlier in the sequence nucleotides are added or removed, the more altered the protein will be.
a)
Frame-shift Mutation
b)
Forensics
c)
Facilitated Diffusion
65.
A complex arrangement of interrelated food chains illustrating the flow of energy between interdependent organisms.
a)
Food Web
b)
Extracellular
c)
Evolution
66.
A decrease in genetic variation caused by the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals from a larger population.
a)
Founder Effect
b)
Food Web
c)
Extracellular
67.
The temperature at which a liquid changes state to a solid.
a)
Freezing Point
b)
Fossils
c)
Food Chain
68.
A natural process in which a nucleic acid molecule (usually DNA but can be RNA) is broken and then joined to a different molecule; a result of crossing?over.
a)
Gene Recombination
b)
Gamete
c)
Founder Effect
69.
A specialized cell (egg or sperm) used in sexual reproduction containing half the normal number of chromosomes of a somatic cell.
a)
Gamete
b)
Founder Effect
c)
Food Web
70.
The process in which a nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to make a functional product such as protein or RNA.
a)
Gene Expression
b)
Freezing Point
c)
Fossils
71.
A type of gene recombination in which the DNA is intentionally broken and recombined using laboratory techniques.
a)
Gene Splicing
b)
Gene
c)
Frame-shift Mutation
72.
A technology that includes the process of manipulating or altering the genetic material of a cell resulting in desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally.
a)
Genetic Engineering
b)
Gene Splicing
c)
Gene
73.
A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a blueprint for a specific hereditary trait.
a)
Gene
b)
Frame?shift Mutation
c)
Forensics
74.
The intentional insertion, alteration, or deletion of genes within an individual's cells and tissues for the purpose of treating a disease.
a)
Gene Therapy
b)
Gene Expression
c)
Freezing Point
75.
A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Gene Recombination
c)
Gamete
76.
An organism whose genetic material has been altered through some genetic engineering technology or technique.
a)
Genetically Modified Organism
b)
Gene Therapy
c)
Gene Expression
77.
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for the final stages of processing proteins for release by the cell.
a)
Golgi Apparatus
b)
Genetically Modified Organism
c)
Gene Therapy
78.
The scientific study of inheritance.
a)
Genetics
b)
Genetic Drift
c)
Gene Recombination
79.
The genetic composition of an organism with reference to a single trait, a set of traits, or the entire complement of traits of an organism.
a)
Genotype
b)
Genetic Engineering
c)
Gene Splicing
80.
A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that new species arise from the result of slight modifications (mutations and resulting phenotypic changes) over many generations.
a)
Gradualism
b)
Genetics
c)
Genetic Drift
81.
A regulatory mechanism that contributes to maintaining a state of equilibrium (e.g., thermoregulation, water regulation, and oxygen regulation).
a)
Homeostatic Mechanism
b)
Gradualism
c)
Genetics
82.
An area that provides an organism with its basic needs for survival.
a)
Habitat
b)
Genotype
c)
Genetic Engineering
83.
The regulatory process in which an organism regulates its internal environment.
a)
Homeostasis
b)
Golgi Apparatus
c)
Genetically Modified Organism
84.
A physical characteristic in different organisms that is similar because it was inherited from a common ancestor.
a)
Homologous Structure
b)
Habitat
c)
Genotype
85.
The longest-lasting phase of the cell cycle in which a cell performs the majority of its functions, such as preparing for nuclear division and cytokinesis.
a)
Interphase
b)
Impermeable
c)
Homeostatic Mechanism
86.
A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.
a)
Hypothesis
b)
Homeostasis
c)
Golgi Apparatus
87.
A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Homologous Structure
c)
Habitat
88.
The process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring.
a)
Inheritance
b)
Hypothesis
c)
Homeostasis
89.
Not permitting passage of a substance or substances.
a)
Impermeable
b)
Homeostatic Mechanism
c)
Gradualism
90.
Located inside a cell.
a)
Intracellular
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Homologous Structure
91.
A law that generalizes a body of observations. At the time it is made, no exceptions have been found to a law. It explains things but does not describe them; serves as the basis of scientific principles.
a)
Law (Scientific)
b)
Interphase
c)
Impermeable
92.
Features of behaviors, morphology, or genetics which serve to prevent mating or breeding between two different species (e.g., temporal isolation, in which individuals are active at different times of the day, seasons, or mating periods; ecological isolation, in which individuals only mate in their specific habitat; behavioral isolation, when there are no sexual cues between representatives of the species; mechanical isolation, when there is no sperm transfer during an attempted mating; and gametic incompatibility, when there is sperm transfer without fertilization occurring). If mating can take place, there are four factors that prevent hybrid viability: zygotic mortality (fertilization but no zygote),hybrid inviability (embryo is not viable), hybrid sterility (resulting adult is sterile), and hybrid breakdown (first generation is viable but future generations are not).
a)
Isolating Mechanisms
b)
Inheritance
c)
Hypothesis
93.
Chemical or physical factor that limits the existence, growth, abundance, or distribution of an individual organism or a population.
a)
Limiting Factor
b)
Intracellular
c)
Incomplete Dominance
94.
The combination of components and processes that serve a common function.
a)
Mechanism (Scientific)
b)
Limiting Factor
c)
Intracellular
95.
A group of organic compounds composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen including a proportionately smaller amount of oxygen; are insoluble in water, serve as a source of stored energy, and are a component of cell membranes.
a)
Lipids
b)
Isolating Mechanisms
c)
Inheritance
96.
A polymer with a high molecular mass. Within organisms there are four main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
a)
Macromolecule
b)
Law (Scientific)
c)
Interphase
97.
A two-phase nuclear division that results in the eventual production of gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes.
a)
Meiosis
b)
Lipids
c)
Isolating Mechanisms
98.
The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms held together by chemical forces.
a)
Molecule
b)
Migration (Genetics)
c)
Macromolecule
99.
The permanent movement of genes into or out of a population resulting in a change in allele frequencies.
a)
Migration (Genetics)
b)
Macromolecule
c)
Law (Scientific)
100.
A membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells; site of cellular respiration.
a)
Mitochondrion
b)
Mechanism (Scientific)
c)
Limiting Factor
101.
A nuclear division resulting in the production of two somatic cells having the same genetic complement as the original cell.
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
c)
Lipids
102.
A molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compound to form a polymer. Each biological macromolecule has characteristic monomers.
a)
Monomer
b)
Mitochondrion
c)
Mechanism (Scientific)
103.
A permanent transmissible change of genetic material (e.g., chromosomal mutations and gene mutations).
a)
Mutation
b)
Monomer
c)
Mitochondrion
104.
Made up of more than one cell.
a)
Multicellular
b)
Mitosis
c)
Meiosis
105.
More than two forms of a gene controlling the expression of a trait.
a)
Multiple Alleles
b)
Molecule
c)
Migration (Genetics)
106.
A process in nature in which organisms possessing certain inherited traits are better able to survive and reproduce compared to others of their species
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Multicellular
c)
Mitosis
107.
The process in which sister chromatids fail to separate during and after mitosis or meiosis.
a)
Nondisjunction
b)
Multiple Alleles
c)
Molecule
108.
An anatomical unit composed of tissues serving a common function.
a)
Organ
b)
Nonnative Species
c)
Mutation
109.
A species normally living outside a distribution range that has been introduced through either deliberate or accidental human activity; also can be known as introduced, invasive, alien, nonindigenous, or exotic.
a)
Nonnative Species
b)
Mutation
c)
Monomer
110.
A membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells functioning to maintain the integrity of the genetic material and, through the expression of that material, controlling and regulating cellular activities.
a)
Nucleus
b)
Nondisjunction
c)
Multiple Alleles
111.
An anatomical system composed of a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function or task.
a)
Organ System
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Natural Selection
112.
A molecule containing carbon that is a part of or produced by living systems.
a)
Organic Molecule
b)
Organ
c)
Nonnative Species
113.
A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Multicellular
114.
A subunit within a cell that has a specialized function.
a)
Organelle
b)
Nucleus
c)
Nondisjunction
115.
A form of life; an animal, plant, fungus, protist or bacterium.
a)
Organism
b)
Organ System
c)
Nucleic Acid
116.
The observable expression of a genotype.
a)
Phenotype
b)
Osmosis
c)
Organelle
117.
The movement of water or another solvent through permeable membranes from an area of higher water concentration (dilute) to an area of lower water concentration (concentrated).
a)
Osmosis
b)
Organelle
c)
Nucleus
118.
The transportation of materials across a plasma membrane without using energy.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Organic Molecule
c)
Organ
119.
The measure of acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of an aqueous solution scaling from 1 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline) with a midpoint of 7 (neutral).
a)
pH
b)
Organism
c)
Organ System
120.
A single-base substitution causing the replacement of a single-base nucleotide with another nucleotide (e.g., silent mutation, in which there is no change in an amino acid; missense mutation, in which there is a different amino acid; and nonsense mutation, in which there is an insertion of a stop codon in the amino acid which stops protein synthesis).
a)
Point Mutation
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Passive Transport
121.
A process in which solar radiation is chemically captured by chlorophyll molecules and through a set of controlled chemical reactions resulting in the potential chemical energy in the bonds of carbohydrate molecules.
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Passive Transport
c)
Organic Molecule
122.
A thin, phospholipid and protein molecule bilayer that encapsulates a cell and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell through active or passive transport.
a)
Plasma Membrane
b)
pH
c)
Organism
123.
A group of membrane-bound organelles commonly found in photosynthetic organisms and mainly responsible for the synthesis and storage of food.
a)
Plastids
b)
Phenotype
c)
Osmosis
124.
The study of short and long-term changes in the number of individuals for a given population, as affected by birth, death, immigration, and emigration.
a)
Population Dynamics
b)
Point Mutation
c)
Photosynthesis
125.
A trait in which the phenotype is controlled by two or more genes at different loci on different chromosomes.
a)
Polygenic Trait
b)
Plasma Membrane
c)
pH
126.
A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific geographical area and reproducing.
a)
Population
b)
Plastids
c)
Phenotype
127.
A concept based on scientific laws and axioms (rules assumed to be present, true, and valid) where general agreement is present.
a)
Principle (Scientific)
b)
Polygenic Trait
c)
Plasma Membrane
128.
A macromolecule that contains the principal components of organisms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; performs a variety of structural and regulatory functions for cells.
a)
Protein
b)
Principle (Scientific)
c)
Polygenic Trait
129.
An organism that uses a primary energy source to conduct photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
a)
Producer (Ecological)
b)
Population
c)
Plastids
130.
A single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and specialized organelles.
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Population Dynamics
c)
Point Mutation
131.
The process in which amino acids are arranged in a linear sequence through the processes of transcription of DNA and to RNA and the translation of RNA to a polypeptide chain.
a)
Protein Synthesis
b)
Producer (Ecological)
c)
Population
132.
A cellular structure composed of RNA and proteins that is the site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
a)
Ribosome
b)
Pumps (Ion or Molecular)
c)
Prokaryote
133.
A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that species are generally stable over long periods of time. Occasionally there are rapid changes that affect some species which can quickly result in a new species.
a)
Punctuated Equilibrium
b)
Protein
c)
Principle (Scientific)
134.
A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic effect of one allele is only expressed within a homozygous genotype. In a heterozygous condition with a dominant allele, it is not expressed in the phenotype.
a)
Recessive Inheritance
b)
Protein Synthesis
c)
Producer (Ecological)
135.
Any of several molecular mechanisms in which ions or molecules are transported across a cellular membrane requiring the use of an energy source (e.g., glucose, sodium [Na+], calcium [Ca+], and potassium [K+]).
a)
Pumps (Ion or Molecular)
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Population Dynamics
136.
A body of evidence?based knowledge gained through observation and experimentation related to the natural world and technology.
a)
Science
b)
Punctuated Equilibrium
c)
Protein
137.
A trait, associated with a gene that is carried by either the male or female parent (e.g., color blindness and sickle?cell anemia).
a)
Sex linked Trait
b)
Science
c)
Punctuated Equilibrium
138.
The process in which the DNA molecule uncoils and separates into two strands. Each original strand becomes a template on which a new strand is constructed, resulting in two DNA molecules identical to the original DNA molecule.
a)
Semiconservative Replication
b)
Ribosome
c)
Pumps (Ion or Molecular)
139.
The process of breeding organisms that results on offspring with desired genetic traits.
a)
Selective Breeding
b)
Recessive Inheritance
c)
Protein Synthesis
140.
A process typically caused by the genetic isolation from a main population resulting in a new genetically distinct species.
a)
Speciation
b)
Selective Breeding
c)
Recessive Inheritance
141.
The lowest taxonomic level of biological classification consisting of organisms capable of reproduction that results in fertile offspring.
a)
Species
b)
Semiconservative Replication
c)
Ribosome
142.
The measure of the heat energy required to increase the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a certain temperature interval.
a)
Specific Heat
b)
Sex linked Trait
c)
Science
143.
A series of predictable and orderly changes within an ecosystem over time.
a)
Succession
b)
Speciation
c)
Selective Breeding
144.
A relationship between two organisms (i.e., mutualism, in which both organisms benefit; parasitism, in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed; and commensalism, in which one organism benefits and the other organism does not benefit or is not harmed).
a)
Symbiotic Relationship
b)
Species
c)
Semiconservative Replication
145.
An explanation of observable phenomena based on available empirical data and guided by a system of logic that includes scientific laws; provides a system of assumptions, accepted principles, and rules of procedure devised to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain the nature or behavior of a specific set of phenomena.
a)
Theory (Scientific)
b)
System
c)
Specific Heat
146.
A measure of the average kinetic energy (energy of motion) of particles in a sample of matter. This physical property can determine the rate and extent to which chemical reactions can occur within living systems. It is commonly measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).
a)
Temperature
b)
Succession
c)
Speciation
147.
A term that describes an organism associated with a land environment.
a)
Terrestrial
b)
Symbiotic Relationship
c)
Species
148.
A set of interacting or interdependent components, real or abstract, that form an integrated whole. An open system is able to interact with its environment. A closed system is isolated from its environment.
a)
System
b)
Specific Heat
c)
Sex linked Trait
149.
The process in which the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule on a ribosome is decoded to produce a sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis.
a)
Translation
b)
Theory (Scientific)
c)
System
150.
The process in which a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by using the genetic information found on a strand DNA as a template.
a)
Transcription
b)
Terrestrial
c)
Symbiotic Relationship
151.
The process in which a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
a)
Translocation
b)
Tissue
c)
Temperature
152.
An anatomical unit composed of cells organized to perform a similar function.
a)
Tissue
b)
Temperature
c)
Succession
153.
A physical characteristic in organisms that appears to have lost its original function as a species has changed over time.
a)
Vestigial Structure
b)
Translocation
c)
Tissue
154.
The position of an organism in relation to the flow of energy and inorganic nutrients through an ecosystem (e.g., producer, consumer, and decomposer).
a)
Trophic Level
b)
Transcription
c)
Terrestrial
155.
Made up of a single cell.
a)
Unicellular
b)
Translation
c)
Theory (Scientific)
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