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Benchmark #1 Anatomy & Physiology Review

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 1hrs 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The control center that controls all the functions of the cell
a)
cytoplasm
b)
cell wall
c)
cell membrane
d)
nucleus
2.

Which organelle allows the cell to obtain materials from outside the cell to help maintain homeostasis?

a)
Nuclear membrane
b)
Vacuole
c)
Cell Membrane
d)
Cell Wall
3.

I am a protein packaging and shipping machine (mostly for export outside the cell)! Who am I?

a)
vacuole
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondrion
d)
golgi apparatus
4.
You might think of me as the trash collector, but recycler is maybe more accurate. What am I?
a)
mitochondria
b)
lysosome
c)
vacuole
d)
ribosome
5.
Where are proteins made?
a)
Golgi body
b)
Mitoichondria
c)
Chromosomes
d)
Ribosomes
6.
What are tiny organelles that convert glucose into ATP?
a)
Ribosomes
b)
Vesicles
c)
Cytoskeleton
d)
Mitochondria
7.

Which of the following describes the function of the nucleolus?

a)

Command Center for the Cell

b)

Produce ribosomes

c)

To hold chromosomes

d)

To make DNA

8.

Identify the structure at the end of the arrow.

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Ribosome

d)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

9.

Identify the structure that the arrow is pointing to.

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Golgi Body

c)

Ribosome

d)

Mitochondria

10.
Selectively permeable barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
cytoskeleton
d)
rough ER
11.
Contains digestive enzymes to break down worn out parts of the cell.
a)
vacuole
b)
lysosome
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleolus
12.
Which of the following are found in all living cells?
a)
ribosomes
b)
cytoplasm
c)
cell membrane
d)
all of the above
13.
What is number 3 pointing to?
a)
nucleus
b)
chloroplast
c)
mitochondria
d)
golgi apparatus
14.

The arrow is showing the fluid inside the cell containing cell organelles (except the nucleus). What is the arrow pointing to in the cell?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

endoplasmic reticulum

15.

If many of the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this most likely have on the cell?

a)

The cell would not be able to create energy.

b)

The cell would not be able to make proteins.

c)

The cell would not e able to photosynthesize.

d)

The cell would not be able to break down waste in the cell.

16.

If a cell is compared to a city, then the Golgi apparatus, which contains membrane-bound structures called cisternae, acts as the

a)

trash service of the cell as it removes waste from the cell

b)

post office of the cell by packaging and sorting proteins

c)

mayor of the cell as it controls all of the cell's activities

d)

electrical plant of the cell by making usable energy

17.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
18.
Which part of the cell cycle is the longest? 
a)
Cytokinesis 
b)
Mitosis 
c)
Interphase
d)
Prophase
19.
What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis? 
a)
Metaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase 
b)
Telophase, prophase,  anaphase metaphase, 
c)
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d)
Anaphase,  telophase, metaphase, prophase
20.
Which phase of mitosis is this? 
a)
Metaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Prophase
21.
Which part of mitosis is shown in this picture? 
a)
Anaphase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Prophase
22.
Which part of mitosis is shown in the picture? 
a)
Anaphase
b)
Prophase
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
23.
What phase of mitosis is shown in this picture? 
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Anaphase
24.
What part of the cell cycle is shown in the picture? 
a)
Cytokinesis 
b)
Interphase
c)
Mitosis 
d)
Anaphase
25.
In which part of cell cycle do the chromosomes replicate themselves and prepare to divide
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
Cytokinesis 
26.
What part of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and prepare to divide.
a)
Anaphase 
b)
Telophase 
c)
Prohapse
d)
Metaphase
27.
Which part of mitosis do the chromosomes begin to pull apart? 
a)
Anaphase
b)
Prophase
c)
Metaphase
d)
Telophase 
28.
Which part of the cell cycle does the cytoplasm pinch off and a new daughter cell is formed that is identical to the parent cell. 
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
Cytokinesis 
29.
What is shown in this picture? 
a)
Chromosome
b)
A single chromatid
c)
Chromatin
30.
What is the yellow dot in the middle of this picture? 
a)
Chromatid
b)
Chromosome 
c)
Centromere
31.
What are the red cylinder organelles? 
a)
Spindle Fibers 
b)
Centromeres 
c)
Chromatids
d)

Centrioles 

32.
What are the lines in the picture called?
a)
Spindle Fibers
b)
Centromeres
c)
Chromsomes  
d)
Centriole 
33.
Which is Metaphase?
a)
A
b)
E
c)
C
d)
F
34.
What does NOT happen during interphase?
a)
growth
b)
DNA replication 
c)
obtaining nutrients
d)
cell divison
35.

Cells of organisms must go through cell division for?

a)

growth

b)

repair of damaged cells

c)

replacement of dying cells.

d)

All of these

36.

DNA is replicated during ______ of the cell cycle.

a)

Gap 1

b)

Synthesis (S phase)

c)

Gap 2

d)

Gap 0

37.
What is cytokinesis?
a)
This is when two cells merge together to make one giant cell.
b)
The stage where chromosomes migrate to the opposite ends of the cell. 
c)

The stage of the cell cycle where the cell divides after mitosis is complete.

d)
The stage in which DNA condenses into chromosomes.
38.
What occurs during G1?
a)
Checkpoint after S phase
b)
Chromosomes line up at the equator.
c)
The cell grows and develops.
d)
Spindle fibers separate chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. 
39.
True or False:
Normal cells grow and divide continuously.
a)
True
b)
False
40.

During most of interphase, DNA is found in a relaxed form called

a)

chromosome

b)

centromere

c)

centriole

d)

chromatin

41.

During mitosis, DNA is found in the condensed form called a

a)

chromosome

b)

centromere

c)

centriole

d)

chromatin

42.

Which of the following is the basic type of E.R. ?

a)

Rough E.R.

b)

Smooth E.R.

c)

Both of above

d)

None of above

43.

Proteins synthesis and folding occurs in...

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

c)

Lysosome

d)

Plasma membrane

44.

Detoxification is carried out in...

a)

Smooth ER

b)

Rough ER

c)

Both of above

d)

None of above

45.
Organelle that makes proteins.  They may be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.
a)
ribosomes
b)
lysosomes
c)
Golgi comples
d)
nucleosome
46.

......is important in the creation and storage of lipids and steroids.

a)

Smooth ER

b)

Rough ER

c)

Lysosome

d)

Mitochondria

47.
Directs all cell activities through the DNA located there.
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Nucleus
c)
ribosomes
d)
Mitochondria
48.
What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?
a)
ER
b)
ATP
c)
YOLO
d)
DNA
49.
What makes the endoplasmic reticulum rough?
a)
Vessicles
b)
Vacuoles
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Chromosomes
50.
What is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?
a)
active transport
b)
osmotic pressure
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
osmosis
51.
Diffusion is the movement of particles
a)
from low to high concentration
b)
from  high to low concentration
c)
from equilibrium to areas of high concentration
d)
all of the above
52.
The current model of the plasma membrane is called the
a)
hydrophobic layer
b)
transport bilayer
c)
phosphoproteins
d)
fluid mosaic model
53.
What characteristic of the cell membrane allows only certain material to pass through?
a)
selective gating
b)
selective permeability
c)
hydrophilia
d)
selective service
54.
Facilitated diffusion requires
a)
no energy
b)
energy
55.
Placing a cell in an isotonic solution causes the cell to
a)
shrink
b)
swell
c)
stay the same
56.
Placing a cell containing 10% salt  into a solution containing 15% salt will cause the cell to
a)
shrink
b)
 swell
c)
stay the same
57.
Moving from areas of LOW concentration to areas of HIGH concentration is called?
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
c)
Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
58.

My cells are Shriveled!    What kind of solution (environment) are my cells in?

a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
d)
Diffusion 
59.
When moving particles AGAINST their concentration gradient, this is called?
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Osmosis
c)
Active Transport
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
60.
If the question asks about Osmosis, I will look for an answer about?
a)
Particles
b)
Salt
c)
Sugar
d)
Water
61.
If the question asks about something being PUMPED, I will look for an answer about?
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
c)
Facilitated Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
62.
A solute traveling DOWN its concentration gradient using a protein channel does this by ________ diffusion.
a)
Facilitated
b)
Active
c)
Osmosis
d)
Endocytosis
63.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
The water level will increase on the right side
b)
The water level will increase on the left side
c)
The water level on both sides will increase
d)
The water level on both sides will decrease
64.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
Water will move out of the cell
b)
Water will move into the cell
65.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

a)

To control what comes in and out of the cell

b)

To break down food inside the cell

c)

to not let any material in and out of the cell

d)

to eat the cells food

66.

What is the function of the Vacuoles

a)

Store food, water, and sometimes waste

b)

Receive proteins

c)

Assembles amino acids

d)

Found inside the nucleus

67.
Endocytosis is defined as
a)
the movement of large molecules from the inside of the cell to the outisde of the cell using channel proteins. 
b)
the movement of large molecules from the inside of the cell to the outisde of the cell membrane vesciles. 
c)
 the movement of large molecules from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell using membrane vesciles.
d)
the movement of large molecules from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell using channel proteins. 
68.
Exocytosis is the movement of
a)

any type of substance from outside the cell to the inside of the cell using vesicles. 

b)

very large substances from outside the cell to the inside of the cell using vesicles. 

c)
any type of substance from inside the cell to the outside.
d)

very large substances from inside the cell to the outside using vesicles.

69.

Mouth area

a)

Occipital

b)

Orbital

c)

Oral

d)

Vertebral

70.

Nose area

a)

Acrominal

b)

Cubital

c)

Orbital

d)

Nasal

71.

Forehead area

a)

Mental

b)

Otic

c)

Buccal

d)

Frontal

72.

Hip area

a)

Coxal

b)

Pelvic

c)

Pubic

d)

Lumbar

73.

Naval area

a)

Coxal

b)

Abdominal

c)

Umbilical

d)

Pelvic

74.

Genital area

a)

Pelvic

b)

Pubic

c)

Sacral

d)

Coxal

75.

Wrist area

a)

Tarsal

b)

Carpal

c)

Lumbar

d)

Sacral

76.

Upper arm area

a)

Antebrachial

b)

Brachial

c)

Antecubital

d)

Cubital

77.
a)

Cranial Cavity

b)

Pleural Cavity

c)

Pericardial Cavity

d)

Vertebral Canal

78.

The cavity surrounded by a box is?

a)

Thoracic Cavity

b)

Abdominal Cavity

c)

Pelvic Cavity

d)

Vertebral Canal

79.

Number 3

a)

pericardial cavity

b)

pleural cavity

c)

pelvic cavity

d)

abdominal cavity

80.

Number 4

a)

abdominal cavity

b)

pelvic cavity

c)

spinal cavity

d)

cranial cavity

81.

The point of the shoulder

a)

abdominal

b)

acromial

c)

antebrachial

d)

antecubital

e)

axillary

82.

The forearm

a)

abdominal

b)

acromial

c)

antebrachial

d)

antecubital

e)

axillary

83.

the cheek

a)

brachial

b)

buccal

c)

calcaneal

d)

carpal

e)

celiac

84.

the heel

a)

brachial

b)

buccal

c)

calcaneal

d)

carpal

e)

celiac

85.

the head

a)

cephalic

b)

cervical

c)

costal

d)

coxal

e)

crural

86.

the neck

a)

cephalic

b)

cervical

c)

costal

d)

coxal

e)

crural

87.

Lower posterior region of the head

a)

Cervical

b)

Cephalic

c)

Occipital

d)

Orbital

88.

Shoulder blade

a)

Scapular

b)

Acrominal

c)

Cubital

d)

Sternal

89.

Armpit area

a)

Acrominal

b)

Axillary

c)

Deltoid

d)

Nasal

90.

Mouth area

a)

Occipital

b)

Orbital

c)

Oral

d)

Vertebral

91.

Eye cavity

a)

Axillary

b)

Buccal

c)

Occipital

d)

Orbital

92.

Buttocks area

a)

Flank

b)

Gluteal

c)

Umbilical

d)

Lumbar

93.

Back of leg (calf)

a)

Calcaneal

b)

Crural

c)

Sural

d)

Femoral

94.

Ankle area

a)

Tarsal

b)

Carpal

c)

Plantar

d)

Femoral

95.

Leg area

a)

Calcaneal

b)

Crural

c)

Sural

d)

Plantar

96.

Sole of the foot

a)

Crural

b)

Sural

c)

Plantar

d)

Patellar

97.

Thigh area

a)

Crural

b)

Sural

c)

Calcaneal

d)

Femoral

98.
A part is Below another part
a)
Anterior
b)
Inferior
c)
Posterior
d)
Superior
99.
Near the surface
a)
Medial
b)
Lateral
c)
Proximal
d)
Superficial
100.
(Ventral) Toward the front
a)
Posterior
b)
Bilateral
c)
Anterior
d)
Superior
101.
(Dorsal) Toward the back
a)
Anterior
b)
Medial
c)
Lateral
d)
Posterior
102.
Toward the side, away from the midline
a)
Proximal
b)
Lateral
c)
Inferior
d)
Superficial
103.

a)

Antebrachial

b)

Antecubital

c)

Brachial

d)

Femoral

104.

The chest area

a)
cranial
b)
abdominopelvic
c)
dorsal
d)
thoracic
105.

Area of the spine

a)

Acrominal

b)

Vertebral

c)

Thoracic

d)

Deltoid

106.

anterior body; trunk inferior to the ribs (between thoracic and pelvic)

a)

Abdominal

b)

Dorsum

c)

Coxal

d)

Flank

107.

anterior knee

a)

Femoral

b)

Popiteal

c)

Patellar

d)

Sural

108.

Cephalic

a)

Head Area

b)

Thoracic

c)

Abdomen

d)

Upper Extremity

e)

Lower Extremity

109.

This cavity is within the thoracic and separates the lungs into right and left cavities. It also houses the heart and trachea

a)

crural

b)

buccal

c)

mediastinum

d)

abdominal

110.

anterior surface of the elbow

a)

abdominal

b)

acromial

c)

antebrachial

d)

antecubital

e)

axillary

111.

breastbone area (center of chest)

a)

Scapular

b)

Sternal

c)

Thoracic

d)

Cervical

112.

Shoulder area

a)

Cervical

b)

Deltoid

c)

Cubital

d)

Axillary

113.

Region of lower back between the ribs and hips

a)

Brachial

b)

Gluteal

c)

Lumbar

d)

Coxal

114.

Posterior region between the hips

a)

Sacral

b)

Coxal

c)

Brachial

d)

Lumbar

115.

Imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves

a)
Laterial
b)

Coronal

c)

Midsagittal

d)
Proximal
116.

Any plane (section) that is cut along lengthwise, or longitudinal plane of the body, dividing the body into right or left parts.

a)

transverse section

b)

frontal section

c)

sagittal section

d)

coronal section

117.

A cut along a horizontal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into superior and inferior parts.

a)

coronal section

b)

transverse section

c)

sagittal section

d)

frontal section

118.

The cephalic region is _________ to the thoracic region.

a)

superior

b)

inferior

c)

laterial

d)

medial

119.

area where the thigh meets body trunk; groin

a)

nasal

b)

inguinal

c)

sternal

d)

umbilical

120.

the lateral part of the leg

a)

fibular

b)

femoral

c)

carpal

d)

trasal

121.

Posterior knee area

a)

Femoral

b)

Popliteal

c)

Patellar

d)

Sural

122.

Finger or Toe area

a)

Carpal

b)

Coxal

c)

Digital

d)

Dorsum

123.

Anterior of the knee

a)

Femoral

b)

Popiteal

c)

Patellar

d)

Sural

124.

For arms and legs: A part is farther away from the point of attachment to the trunk of the body

a)
Anterior
b)
Distal
c)
Medial
d)
Superficial
125.

For arms and legs: A part closer to the point of attachment to the trunk of the body

a)
Anterior
b)
Posterior
c)
Medial
d)
Proximal
126.
Which body system gets oxygen from the environment and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from the body?
a)
Circulatory
b)
Respiratory
c)
Digestive
d)
Skeletal
127.
Which system transports materials from the digestive system and respiratory system to the cells?
a)
circulatory
b)
respiratory
c)
digestive
d)
skeletal
128.
 Each body system includes two or more organs that work together.  This means that body systems are interrelated.
a)
True
b)
False
129.
As part of the skeletal system, bones do all of the following except
a)
protect organs
b)
store calcium
c)
make nerve cells
d)
make blood
130.

Which of the following is true of the integumentary system?

a)

Provides protection from external stresses; helps regulate body temperature

b)

absorbs nutrients and eliminates wastes

c)

stores minerals and supports the body

d)

creates sex cells

131.

Which of the following is true of the skeletal system?

a)

filters blood and produces urine

b)

acts as a barrier against exgernal invasion

c)

provides support and protection; stores minerals

d)

removes fluid and proteins that have left the blood vessels

132.

Which of the following is true of the muscular system?

a)

stores fats and minerals

b)

produces movement; generates heat; stabilizes body position

c)

digests food and eliminates wastes

d)

transports chemical messengers and nutrients to the cells

133.

Which of the following is true of the nervous system?

a)

helps regulate red blood cell production; eliminates wastes

b)

creates sex cells

c)

acts as a barrier against external invasion

d)

detects, interprets and responds to changes in the environment; regulates homeostasis

134.

Which of the following is true of the cardiovascular system?

a)

detects, interprets and responds to changes in the environment

b)

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the atmosphere

c)

transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes to and from cells

d)

digests food and eliminates wastes

135.

Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?

a)

detects, interprets and responds to changes in the environment

b)

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the atmosphere

c)

transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes to and from cells

d)

regulates body activity via hormone secretion

136.

Which of the following is true of the lymphatic system?

a)

detects, interprets and responds to changes in the environment

b)

returns proteins and fluids to the blood, transports fats and transports fats from the intestines to the blood

c)

nourishes a developing fetus and embryo

d)

regulates body activity via hormone secretion

137.

Which of the following is true of the respiratory system?

a)

transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and the blood

b)

returns proteins and fluids to the blood, transports fats and transports fats from the intestines to the blood

c)

nourishes a developing fetus and embryo

d)

digests food and eliminates wastes

138.

Which of the following is true of the digestive system?

a)

transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and the blood; helps regulate the acid-base balance

b)

returns proteins and fluids to the blood, transports fats and transports fats from the intestines to the blood

c)

nourishes a developing fetus and embryo

d)

breaks down food, absorbs nutrients and eliminates wastes

139.

Which of the following is true of the urinary system?

a)

transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and the blood; helps regulate the acid-base balance

b)

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes, regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood.

c)

nourishes a developing fetus and embryo

d)

stores fats and minerals

140.

Which of the following is true of the male reproductive system?

a)

creates sex cells

b)

helps regulate body temperature

c)

nourishes a developing fetus and embryo

d)

stores fats and minerals

141.

nails, hair, skin and glands

a)

integumentary system

b)

skeletal system

c)

nervous system

d)

cardiovascular system

e)

respiratory system

142.

nose, pharynx, trachea and lungs

a)

integumentary system

b)

skeletal system

c)

nervous system

d)

cardiovascular system

e)

respiratory system

143.

bones, joints, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

a)

integumentary system

b)

skeletal system

c)

nervous system

d)

cardiovascular system

e)

respiratory system

144.

brain, spinal cord and special senses

a)

integumentary system

b)

skeletal system

c)

nervous system

d)

cardiovascular system

e)

respiratory system

145.

Heart, blood, arteries and veins

a)

integumentary system

b)

skeletal system

c)

nervous system

d)

cardiovascular system

e)

respiratory system

146.

pituitary, adrenal grand, testes

a)

male reproductive system

b)

female reproductive system

c)

urinary system

d)

lymphatic system

e)

endocrine system

147.

testes, epididymis, scrotum

a)

male reproductive system

b)

female reproductive system

c)

urinary system

d)

lymphatic system

e)

endocrine system

148.

tonsils, spleen, thymus

a)

male reproductive system

b)

female reproductive system

c)

urinary system

d)

lymphatic system

e)

endocrine system

149.

kidneys, ureters, bladder

a)

male reproductive system

b)

female reproductive system

c)

urinary system

d)

lymphatic system

e)

endocrine system

150.

ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes

a)

male reproductive system

b)

female reproductive system

c)

urinary system

d)

lymphatic system

e)

endocrine system

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