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Genetics 2020.

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 8hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

For the exposed bases in this image, TACGT, the complementary bases that would pair up during replication are:

a)

AUGCA

b)

UACGU

c)

TACGT

d)

ATGCA

2.
This image shows an event that occurs in which process?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Replication
c)
Translation/Protein synthesis
d)
Transcription
3.
What are the complimentary bases of the following, during TRANSCRIPTION:   
AAA TGC GCT ACG AGC 
a)
Leu Asp Ser Thr Phe
b)
UUU ACG CGA UGC UCG
c)
TTT ACG CGA TGC TCG
d)
AAA TGC GCT ACG AGC
4.
This image shows an illustration of:
a)
The Central Dogma of Biology
b)
Evolution by Natural Selection
c)
The Big Bang Theory
d)
Cell Theory
5.
Which process is being illustrated here?
a)
transcription
b)
replication
c)
mitosis
d)
translation/protein synthesis
6.
This image is a joke concerning:
a)
transcription
b)
replication
c)
meiosis
d)
translation/protein synthesis
7.
What is order of the location that these  events occur in?
a)
ribosome-->cytoplasm-->nucleus
b)
cytoplasm-->nucleus-->ribosome
c)
nucleus-->cytoplasm-->ribosome
d)
ribosome-->nucleus-->cytoplasm
8.
A codon consists of
a)
3 DNA bases
b)
3 tRNA bases
c)
3 mRNA bases
d)
3 amino acids
9.
In humans, genes are:
a)
Made of DNA, found on a nucleus, which is inside of a chromosome.
b)
Made of chromosomes, found on DNA inside of a nucleus
c)
Made of nuclei, found on chromosomes inside of DNA
d)
Made of DNA, found on chromosomes inside of a nucleus.
10.
The event happening in this image occurs:
a)
in a chloroplast
b)
on a chromosome
c)
on a ribosome
d)
in the nucleus
11.
The event happening in this image occurs:
a)
in a chloroplast
b)
on a chromosome
c)
on a ribosome
d)
in the nucleus
12.
This image shows that genes are:
a)
made of DNA, and are found on pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus.
b)
made of RNA, and are found on pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus.
c)
made of DNA, and are on unpaired chromosomes in te nucleus.
d)
made of RNA, and are on unpaired chromosomes in the nucleus.
13.
Which is NOT true about this organism?
a)
It has millions of genetically identical body cells
b)
It's bushy eyebrows are likely a result of the environment causing a recessive trait to be expressed
c)
it's hereditary material is organized as many genes on chromosomes, inside of nuclei
d)
it is a multicellular eukaryote, and a heterotroph.
14.
What do transfer RNA do at a ribosomes?
a)
bring a transcribed genetic code
b)
replicate DNA
c)
bring amino acids
d)
undergo meiosis
15.
Note the "growing peptide chain" on the image. This is becoming a:
a)
protein molecule.
b)
DNA code.
c)
chromosome.
d)
gamete.
16.
Note the "anticodon" on this image. This will base pair with:
a)
a complete protein molecule.
b)
DNA
c)
rRNA
d)
mRNA
17.
This image represents the molecular base "thymine". Which statement is NOT true about it?
a)
It pairs with Adenine.
b)
It can be part of a nucleotide, along w phosphates and a sugar.
c)
It can be found on both RNA and DNA.
d)
It is one of 4 chemical "letters" which make up "the code of life"
18.
What is the relationship between molecular bases and nucleotides?
a)
nucleotides are one part of molecular bases (along with phosphates and sugar)
b)
molecular bases are one part of nucleotides (along with phosphates and sugar)
c)
no relationship between them
d)
both are part of protein molecules
19.
What is involved in gene expression?
a)
transcription and translation
b)
replication and transcription
c)
meiosis and mitosis
d)
protein synthesis and photosynthesis
20.
Which process in occurring here?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation/protein synthesis
d)
meiosis
21.
What process is being represented here?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation/protein synthesis
d)
meoisis
22.
When does replication occur?
a)
as part of mitosis or meiosis
b)
during gene expression
c)
when mRNA brings transcribed code to the ribosome
d)
when tRNA brings the correct amino acids
23.
When does transcription occur?
a)
As part of meiosis or mitosis
b)
During gene expression
c)
when mRNA bringsits message to the ribosome
d)
when tRNA brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome
24.
Which kind of RNA is depicted in this image?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
25.
What is happening in the part of the image labeled "transcription"?
a)
DNA is creating 2 identical double helix molecules
b)
tRNA is bringing amino acids
c)
mRNA nucleotides are matching up with an unpaired DNA template
d)
adenine is pairing with thymine, and cytosine with guanine.
26.
What IS true about what is occurring here?
a)
it is necessary for cell division.
b)
it's called replication.
c)
it is producing an intical copy of the genetic code.
d)
it's necessary in order to bring a portion of the code to the ribosomes. 
27.
This image shows a cell from the woman's shoulder because:
a)
The organization of genetic material in skin cells is especially highly organized
b)
Every body cell has identically organized genetic information, so the shoulder is as good of a spot as any.
28.
This meme is specifically referring to an event that occurs during:
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation/protein synthesis
d)
meiosis
29.
 the codon CAG codes for which amino acid? 
a)
PHE
b)
GKY
c)
ILE
d)
GLN
30.
 this chart shows:
a)

 which mRNA each DNA triplet codes for

b)

which codon is coded for by each amino acid

c)

which amino acid is coded for by each codon.

d)

which DNA triplcoded for by each mRNA

31.
 the codon UUC codes for which amino acid? 
a)
PHE
b)
GKY
c)
ILE
d)
GLN
32.
The yellow molecular base (thymine)would pair with which mRNA base during transcription?
a)
Adenine
b)
Uracil
c)
Guanine
d)
Cytosine
33.
Helicase is a(n)?
a)

synthesis enzyme

b)

digestion enzyme

c)

hormone

d)

DNA enzyme

34.
Ligase is a(n)
a)
synthesis enzyme
b)
digestion enzyme
c)
hormone
d)
mRNA molecule
35.
Which is NOT true about Gene 1 and Gene 2 in this image?
a)
one is inherited from the mother, and the other from the father.
b)
they are both composed of Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid.
c)
They are found on the same chromosome in the same nucleus.
d)
they both need to be transcribed and translated in order to be expressed.
36.
Which process represented here?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation/protein synthesis
d)
meiosis
37.
Which would not be a component of the nucleotides that the DNA molecule in the image is requesting?
a)
phosphates
b)
the sugar ribose
c)
the base Uracil
d)
the base Thymine
38.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the subunit of DNA.) 
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)

simple sugars

39.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
40.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
41.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
42.
What sugar is found in RNA?
a)
ribose
b)
glucose
c)
deoxyribose
d)
sucrose
43.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
44.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
45.
This cannot leave the nucleus
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
46.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
47.
Which of these molecules gets translated?
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
amino acids
48.
True or False: a cell needs to replicate DNA each time it wants to create a protein.
a)
True
b)
False
49.
Genes are ________ sequences.
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
amino acid
d)
DNA and mRNA
50.
Which sentence is FALSE?
a)
 All organisms have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
b)
Chromosomes are made of genes.
c)
DNA is made out of 4 chemicals: adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine
d)
DNA is the recipe for life.
51.
Which sentence is FALSE?
a)
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
b)
Humans have 46 total chromosomes.
c)
Genes are made of chromosomes.
d)
Every human's DNA is at least 99% similar.
52.
The best explanation for the most obvious differences between these faces is:
a)
they have the same genetic code, however different environments are causing different genes to be expressed 
b)
differences in DNA have led to differences in protein synthesis
53.
a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA 
a)
is a mutation
b)
can be a mutation or an epigenetic change
c)
is an epigenetic change
d)
always leads to a permanent change in DNA
54.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
55.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
56.

What is recombinant DNA

a)

DNA from 2 different organisms combined

b)

DNA from 2 different ribosomes

c)

DNA that is separated out from a vector

57.

In which ways can genetic engineering can improve crops

a)

Make them pest or drought resistant

b)

Make them more nutritious

c)

Make them larger

d)

All answers are correct

58.
_________ _________ is a way of intentionally changing a genetic sequence in DNA so that a particular trait is produced.
a)
gene splicing
b)
dominant trait
c)
genetic engineering
d)
scientist discovery
59.
Changes in the genetic code of a human can be transmitted to offspring if they occur in
a)
cancer cells
b)
cell membranes
c)
skin cells
d)
gametes
60.
Prior to rDNA use to produce insulin for diabetics, patients received insulin harvested from
a)
plants
b)
livestock
c)
viruses
61.
These cells do not pass DNA to the next generation
a)
gamete
b)
sperm
c)
egg
d)
somatic
62.

Someone has a wild cat breed with a house cat in order to have a cat that looks wild but is more gentle. This is__.

a)

Genetic Modification

b)

Gene Therapy

c)

Animal Husbandry

d)

hybridization

63.

Someone selects specific turkeys to breed in order to increase the meat that that the next generation of turkeys produce. This is_____.

a)

Gene Therapy

b)

Gene Modification

c)

Selective Breeding

d)

hybridization

64.
The purpose of selective breeding is to 
a)
Get bigger animals
b)
get smaller animals
c)
create animals with desirable traits
d)
create animals with bad traits
65.

All of the following statements are reasons for selective breeding except:

a)

To produce offspring with desirable characteristics

b)

Farmers increase their profit by improving crops

c)

To improve the quality of food products

d)

To increase migration patterns

66.

It is very common for yellow labradors (a breed of dog) to have bad hips. This is because owners want purebred yellow labradors who are good hunting dogs. This is an example of

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Inbreeding

c)

Hybridization

d)

Fossil Record

67.

In gene splicing, what is used to cut the DNA into fragments?

a)

A hormone

b)

an antibody

c)

A restriction enzyme

d)

RNA

68.
DNA cutting "scissors" are
a)
Bacteriophages
b)
Restriction Enzymes
c)
DNA Enzymes
d)
Plasmids
69.

What is this technique an example of?

a)

chromatography

b)

gel electrophoresis

c)

direct harvesting

d)

genetic engineering

70.

Which of these is responsible for the different structures and functions of these cells?

a)

They have different DNA due to differentiation

b)

Different amino acids are linked together, due to nutritional choices

c)

Different genes are expressed due to differentiation

d)

Different RNA is transcribed, due to nutritional choices

71.

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

a)

The two different cells become mutated

b)

The proteins expressed in each cell are different

c)

They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

d)

The genome of the different cells changes

72.
Which of these molecules gets translated?
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
amino acids
73.

If a certain rabbit's fur turns from brown to white in the winter, which of the following is true?

a)

the DNA also changes

b)

the RNA is different

c)

The DNA does not change

d)

the rabbit's species changes

74.

Which of the following is true about the environment's effect on gene expression?

a)

It routinely alters DNA

b)

It can cause different genes to be expressed

c)

It has no possible effect on expression

d)

only radiation and toxic chemicals can affect gene expression.

75.

A German Shepard would probably not survive in the wild because...

a)

the dog is mixed

b)

the dog is a product of artificial selection and not adapted for the wild.

c)

the dog is a product of natural selection and is not well fit for the environment

76.
Which option is the best example of environmental pressures that cause natural selection?
a)
Ranchers breeding cows
b)
Farmers creating bigger corn
c)
Climate and Predators 
d)
Artificial Selection 
77.

The Aztecs and Maya Tribes of Mexico where some of the first humans to slowly change wild corn to the corn we know today. What process did these tribes use?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Artificial Selection

c)

Mitosis

d)

adaptive radiation

78.

What is the greatest advantage of being a sexual organism?

a)

All offspring are genetically different and can survive a new virus, bacteria or environmental change

b)

All offspring are genetically identical and can survive a new virus, bacteria or environmental change

c)

If one dies they all die

79.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
80.
Modern whales developed their traits through natural selection.  What occurs during the process of natural selection?
a)
Organisms choose mates from other species to create new species
b)
Breeders selectively cross organisms with desired traits
c)
Only the fittest organisms can survive and reproduce
d)
Organisms remain exactly the same over time.
81.
What is the definition of mutation?
a)
A random change in the genes of an organism
b)
Natural Breeding
c)
Natural Selection 
d)
Breeding two animals to create a new one
82.

A mutation causes a new fur color variation to appear in a mouse population. In which of the situations described below would the new fur color become more common than the old color in the mouse population?

a)

If plenty of food is available in the mouse habitat.

b)

If the new fur color gene is a recessive allele.

c)

If the amount of reproduction in the mouse population stays the same.

d)

If the new fur color gene is helpful in the survival of mice and their offspring.

83.
Artificial selection is...
a)
the process by which humans select who lives and dies based on traits of animal or plant.
b)
the process by which natures selects who lives and dies.
c)
the process by which animals adapt to their surroundings.
d)
the process by which people take over ecosystems.
84.
Most adaptations that help an organism survive are passed on from parent to child as ___traits?
a)
adaptable
b)
physical
c)
more
d)
inherited
85.
Which is an example of a trait that is an adaptation for cold climate but not for warm climate?
a)
thick fur and fat
b)
long claws
c)
camoflauge
d)
poisonous chemicals
86.
Bacteria can pass along their resistance as an inherited trait?
a)
true
b)
false
87.

Evidence show that all breeds of dog are the descendants of wolves. How did the huge variety of dogs arise in a few hundred years.

a)

Genetics modification

b)

Natural selection

c)

Random chance

d)

Selective breeding

88.

Which is true?

a)

Science has proven that all GMO foods are dangerous.

b)

Mutation never leads to changes which are beneficial to the organism.

c)

Both genetic engineering and selective breeding can occur in nature, without human action.

d)

Mutation, Selective Breeding, and Genetic Engineering all change DNA, either suddenly, or over time.

89.

While a tomato with a gene for "anti freeze" protein is the product of human interference with DNA, "normal" tomatoes, corn, apples, and other produce sold at stores are completely the result of natural processes.

a)

true.

b)

false.

90.

Which is NOT true?

a)

Many mutations may occur with no obvious effect to the organism.

b)

Mutations which affect gametes may be passed to offspring.

c)

Mutations are more likely to be advantageous when the environment is stable.

d)

insertion, deletion, and substitution are forms of mutation.

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