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WorksheetsTopic 1 Cell Biology
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 50mins
Stargardt’s disease, a genetic disorder that causes vision loss, is being treated using retinal cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Why are embryonic stem cells used?
They are already specialized for this function.
They are able to differentiate into the required cell type.
They retain stem cell properties after specialization.
There are no ethical issues concerning their use.
Which graph represents the change in cell surface area to volume ratio with increasing cell diameter?
A
B
C
D
If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different cell types in a body?
Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type.
Cells lose some genes as development occurs.
Genes do not determine the structure of a cell.
Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive.
The images are microscopic views of two similar cells. What is a reason for the differences between the two micrographs?
The lower image has a higher magnification.
The lower image has greater resolution.
A nucleus can only be seen in the upper image.
The upper image is an electron micrograph.
Which method provides biochemical evidence that cells have begun to differentiate?
Observation with a light microscope
Observation with an electron microscope
Examination of the DNA sequence
Analysis of the proteins
How are villi, alveoli and nephrons similar?
They are internal organs.
They provide large surface areas for molecular exchange.
They secrete hormones.
They have a role in excretion.
What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical cell structure?
They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit.
They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose.
They have plasmids.
They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
Which organelle provides evidence that eukaryotic cells originated when large prokaryotes engulfed small free-living prokaryotes?
Chloroplast
Nucleoid
80S ribosome
Vacuole
When compared to other body cells, which characteristic of stem cells is the most important for therapeutic uses?
Less differentiation
Less excretion
Lower rate of reproduction
Lower rate of metabolism
The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory. What feature is this?
It lacks a nucleus.
It lacks a cell wall.
It has only one mitochondrion.
It lacks subdivision into separate cells.
The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system. The graph shows the percentage of samples in which this bacterium showed resistance to six antibiotics over a period of ten years. What is a possible explanation for the total percentage resistance being larger than 100% in 2010?
People do not take the antibiotics as prescribed.
More people have been sampled in that year.
There was an epidemic of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in that year.
Some bacteria are resistant to more than one antibiotic.
Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory?
They are found in multicellular organisms.
They contain more than one nucleus.
They are specialized for movement.
They do not carry out mitosis.
Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease?
They can differentiate into retinal cells.
They are readily available from especially created embryos.
They transport white blood cells to the eyes.
They divide by binary fission so provide sufficient cells.
What provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotic cells
70S ribosomes in prokaryotic cells
Gene transfer from prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells using plasmids
Prokaryotic cells (Escherichia coli) in the large intestine digest proteins
A botanist measures a leaf and finds it is 24 cm long and 8 cm wide. His drawing of the leaf is 4 cm wide. Which was the magnification and length of his drawing, assuming that the proportions of the drawing were correct?
A
B
C
D
Which sequence shows increasing relative size?
A
B
C
D
What happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows?
It decreases, so production of waste material is reduced.
It increases, so mineral ion absorption is increased.
It increases, so osmosis is reduced.
It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low.
The image shows an electron micrograph of pancreatic exocrine cells. What is the role of the vesicles shown in the micrograph?
To transport hormones between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
To store glycogen when blood glucose levels are high
To move enzymes out of the cell by exocytosis
To digest cellulose
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?A
A
B
C
D
Animal cells often secrete glycoproteins as extracellular components. What is a role of these glycoproteins?
Adhesion
Additional energy reserve
Membrane fluidity
Water uptake
What is a function of the plant cell wall?
Formation of vesicles for transport of large molecules
Prevention of excessive water uptake
Communication with other cells by means of glycoproteins
Active transport of ions
What structures are part of an Escherichia coli cell?
Ribosomes, nucleoid and Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes, mitochondria and pili
Cell wall, plasma membrane and nuclear membrane
Pili, flagella and cytoplasm
What is a function of the plant cell wall?
Formation of vesicles for transport of large molecules
Prevention of excessive water uptake
Communication with other cells by means of glycoproteins
Active transport of ions
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
A
B
C
D
What is an example of binary fission?
Cell division in prokaryotes
Production of haploid gametes
Separation of chromatids in prokaryotic cells
Replication of prokaryotic DNA occurring simultaneously in two directions
Where are proteins synthesized by free ribosomes used?
Outside the cell after secretion
Within the nucleus
Within the lysosomes
Within the cytoplasm
In this diagram of a membrane, which structure is an intrinsic or integral protein?
A
B
C
D
What is a role of cholesterol in animal cells?
It increases body fat.
It controls membrane fluidity.
It lines the inner wall of capillaries.
It is a constituent of bile.
Which evidence falsifies the Davson–Danielli model?
I. The presence of globular proteins within the phospholipid bilayer
II. Non-polar amino acids cause proteins to remain embedded in membranes
III. Membrane proteins remain in a fixed position inside a membrane
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
The cell membrane model proposed by Davson–Danielli was a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched between two layers of globular protein. Which evidence led to the acceptance of the Singer–Nicolson model?
The orientation of the hydrophilic phospholipid heads towards the proteins
The formation of a hydrophobic region on the surface of the membrane
The placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membrane
The interactions due to amphipathic properties of phospholipids
The diagram shows a plasma membrane. Which molecule is labelled X?
Cholesterol
Glycoprotein
Phospholipid
Amylase
By which process do potassium ions move through potassium channels in axons?
Active transport
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
Which process(es) occur(s) by osmosis?
I. Uptake of water by cells in the wall of the intestine
II. Loss of water from a plant cell in a hypertonic environment
III. Evaporation of water from sweat on the skin surface
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
The table shows concentrations of potassium ions and sodium ions inside and outside human cells. What explains these concentrations?
Potassium ions diffuse in and sodium ions diffuse out.
Sodium ions diffuse in and potassium ions diffuse out.
Active transport pumps sodium ions in and potassium ions out.
Active transport pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in.
How does potassium move across the membrane of a neuron during repolarization?
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Endocytosis
Active transport
Which type of transportation happens in the sodium–potassium pump?
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
Active transport
The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium becomes 5 %. What will be the likely response?
The cell will gain water from the medium.
The cell will lose salt to the medium.
The cell will remain unchanged.
The cell will shrink from loss of water.
Dialysis membrane was set up to model digestion and absorption in the small intestine. What is a limitation of this model?
There can be no active transport.
Maltose will pass through the membrane.
Lipase should be present with protein.
The membrane is not permeable to starch.
The salt concentration inside the Paramecium is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium suddenly drops to 0.2 %. What will be the likely response?
The cell will lose salt to the medium.
The contractile vacuole will expel more water.
The cell will swell and eventually burst.
The membrane will become more permeable to salt.
The giant marine alga Halicystis ovalis is able to move sodium ions from vacuoles to the surrounding seawater through active transport. Which condition or feature is required for this mode of transport?
Movement from a region of higher sodium concentration to a region of lower sodium concentration
A partially permeable surface
Membrane fluidity
Transmembrane proteins
The diagram is a model of one type of movement across a membrane. What is this type of movement?
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
In a copy of Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment, broth was put into flasks as shown in the diagrams. What results would be expected with no spontaneous generation of life?
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flask W.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W and X.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Y.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Z.
Pasteur carried out a series of experiments that provided strong evidence against a widely supported theory. What was this theory?
Endosymbiosis
Spontaneous generation
Conservative replication of DNA
Evolution
What is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
RNA can catalyse metabolic reactions.
Meteorites contain organic molecules.
Amino acids can be synthesized from inorganic compounds.
Mitochondria possess their own DNA
The statement relates to Pasteur’s experiments. What did this statement suggest?
Mold evolved by endosymbiosis.
Oxygen is required for anaerobic respiration.
Cells can only be formed by division of pre-existing cells.
Nutrients are a requirement for mold growth.
What can be deduced about a striated muscle fibre from both of these statements?
It is prokaryotic.
It is an exception to cell theory.
It consists of aseptate hyphae.
It is preparing to divide.
In the micrograph, which letter points to a cell in anaphase?B
A
B
C
D
The table shows the number of cells in various stages of the cell cycle in four samples of ovarian tissue from different patients. Which tissue sample A, B, C or D has the highest mitotic index?
A
B
C
D
What explains the appearance of the cell in the micrograph?
The cell is dying.
The DNA is replicating.
The cell is in metaphase.
The cell is in telophase.
Which processes are involved in the development of cancer?
I. Mutations occur in oncogenes.
II. Oncogenes prevent cancer.
III. Oncogenes affect cell cycle regulatory proteins.
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
The diagram shows a stage in cell division. What is the stage shown?
Anaphase I of mitosis
Anaphase II of mitosis
Anaphase I of meiosis
Anaphase II of meiosis
The diagram represents the nucleus of a cell 2 n = 8 in late prophase of mitosis.
A
B
C
D
How does mitosis produce two genetically identical nuclei?
By separation of homologous chromosomes
By separation of sister chromatids
By division of the cytoplasm into two equal cells
By division of the nuclear membrane into two equal parts
The concentrations of cyclins rise and fall in cells at certain times. What times are these?
Day and night
Seasons of the year
Stages of mitosis and interphase
Developmental stages in the life cycle
The image shows cells in the different stages of mitosis. Which cell is in telophase?
A
B
C
D
What occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?
Spindles are formed from microtubules.
Chromosome number is conserved.
Homologous chromosomes pair up.
Centromeres split.
Which diagram(s) represent(s) processes used in asexual reproduction?
I only
I and II only
II only
I, II and III
When during the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
A
B
C
D
The graph shows the survival probabilities for current smokers and for those who never smoked among women 30 to 80 years of age. What can be deduced from this graph?
There is a correlation between smoking and cancer.
Smoking reduces life expectancy.
Smoking causes cancer.
70 % of smokers survive to 80 years old.
The diagram shows the concentration of four cyclins during the cell cycle. Which curve represents the cyclin that promotes the assembly of the mitotic spindle?
A
B
C
D
Which mitotic phase is labelled X in the micrograph of an onion (Allium cepa) root tIP?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is the process shown in this image?
Binary fission of a prokaryotic cell
Telophase II in a eukaryotic cell
End of mitosis in a prokaryotic cell
Cytokinesis of a eukaryotic cell
During which stage does the cell surface area to volume ratio decrease?
Interphase
Metaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
During which stage does the cell surface area to volume ratio decrease?
Interphase
Metaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
What describes nuclear division in stem cells?
Clonal selection
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Meiosis
