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Principles of heredity and variation

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Sickle cell anaemia is example of
a)
pleiotropy
b)
epistasis
c)
multiple alleles
d)
collaborator genes
2.
Mendelian principles are not applicable in
a)
multiple alleles
b)
polygenes
c)
epistasis
d)
pleiotropy
3.

Which of the following is essential for organic evolution [variation]?

a)

mutations

b)

random sexual mating

c)

crossing over

d)

all of the above

4.
Term "gene" was proposed by
a)
W. Bateson
b)
W. Johannsen
c)
G. J. Mendel
d)
Punnet
5.
In a dihybrid cross, red-long pollen plant (RRLL) was crossed with white-short (rrll). If linkage between the two genes was 94%, then among the total progeny of 300, plant with red-short pollen phenotype would be
a)
282
b)
24
c)
9
d)
none of these
6.

If all daughters of a couple are haemophilic, then what is confirmed?

a)

woman of the couple is haemophilic

b)

man of the couple is haemophilic

c)

woman of the couple is genotypically normal

d)

nothing is confirmed

7.
Multiple alleles are located on
a)
same chromosomes
b)
same position of homologous chromosomes
c)
same position of non-homologous chromosomes
d)
different genomes
8.
Concept of sex linkage is associated with
a)
Sturtevant
b)
T. H. Morgan
c)
deVries
d)
Sutton
9.
Multiple alleles of a series always governs
a)
single character
b)
many characters
c)
only two characters
d)
only one allelomorphic character
10.

When a segment of chromosome breaks up and relocates within a non-homologous chromosome it is called

a)

translocation

b)

transition

c)

inversion

d)

reversion

11.
When a portion of chromosome is repeated it is called
a)
inversion
b)
translocaiton
c)
duplication
d)
deletion
12.
In a multiple series, the most dominant allele is called
a)
mutant allele
b)
wild allele
c)
unit allele
d)
prominent allele
13.
If the same set of chromosomes is repeated for many times, it is called
a)
aneuploidy
b)
alloploidy
c)
autoploidy
d)
nullisomy
14.

Synapsis in homologous chromosomes occur during

a)

Prophase II of meiosis

b)

Prophase I of meiosis

c)

Prophase of mitosis and meiosis

d)

Prophase of mitosis

15.
Two chromatids associated with same centromere are called
a)
homologous chromatids
b)
non-sister chromatids
c)
sister chromatids
d)
mother chromatids
16.

Which statement is absolutely true for sex linked inheritance

a)

females are always carrier

b)

males are never carrier

c)

the mother of diseased female is always diseased

d)

father of a diseased son is also diseased

17.
If a single nucleotide is added to a gene, it results into
a)
transversion
b)
transition
c)
frameshift mutation
d)
polyploidy
18.
Crossing over in diploid organisms result in
a)
recombition of linked genes
b)
segregation of alleles
c)
independnet assortmetn
d)
dominance of genes
19.

Heterozygous purple flower is crossed with recessive white flower. The progeny has the ratio

a)

75% purple and 25% white

b)

50% purple and 50% white

c)

all purple

d)

all white

20.
Two crosses between the same pair of genotype or phenotypes in which the source of the gametes are reveresed in one cross, is known as
a)
reverse cros
b)
dihybrid cross
c)
test cross
d)
reciprocal cross
21.
When a cluster of genes show linkage behaviour, they
a)
do not show independent asortment
b)
do not show a chromosome map
c)
show recombination during meiosis
d)
induce cell division
22.

In a plant, red fruit (R) is dominant over yellow fruit (r) and tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t). If a plant with RRTt genotype is crossed with a plant that is rrtt

a)

50% will be tall with red fruit

b)

75% will be tall with red fruit

c)

all the offspring will be tall with red fruit

d)

25% will be tall with red fruit

23.
Lack of independent assortment of two genes A and B in fruit fly Drosophila is due to
a)
recombination
b)
linkage
c)
crossing over
d)
repulsion
24.

A common test to find the genotype of a F1 hybrid is by

a)

crossing of one F2 progeny with parent

b)

Studying the sexual behavious of F1 progenies

c)

Crossing of one F1 progeny with parent

d)

Crossing of one F2 progeny with male parent

25.
In a mutational event, when adenine is replaced by guanine, it is case of
a)
transcription
b)
transition
c)
transversion
d)
frameshift mutation
26.
A human male produces sperms with the genotypes AB, Ab, aB and ab pertaining to the diallelic characters in equal proportions. What is the corresponding genotype of this person?
a)
AaBB
b)
AABb
c)
AABB
d)
AaBb
27.

Mother is homozygous B, and father is heterozygous A. What will be the possible blood group in their progeny?

a)

AB and B

b)

AB and A

c)

A and B

d)

O

28.
Turner syndrome is
a)
XO
b)
XXY
c)
XXX
d)
XYY
29.
A woman with normal vision, but whose father was colour-blind, marries a colour-blind man. Suppose that the fourth child of this couple was a boy. This boy :
a)
must have normal colour vision
b)
will be partially colour-blind since he is heterozygous for the colour-blind mutant allele
c)
must be colour-blind
d)
may be colour blind or may be of normal vision
30.
A dwarf pea plant was treated with gibberellic acid, it became a tall, as tall pea plantsl If these pea plants are crossed with pure tall pea plants, what will be the pheotypic ratio in F1 generation?
a)
all dwarf plants
b)
50% tall and 50% dwarf plants
c)
75% tall and 25% dwarf plants
d)
100% tall plants
31.
Grain colour in wheat is determined by three pairs of polygene. Following the cross AABBCC (dark colour) x aabbcc(light colour), in F2 generation what proportion of the progeny is likely to resemble either parent?
a)
half
b)
less than 5%
c)
one third
d)
none of the above
32.
Down's syndrome occurs as a result of
a)
trisomy
b)
tetrasomy
c)
autopolyploidy
d)
allopolyploidy
33.
Which of the following conditions is related to haemophilia?
a)
a recessive gene responsible present in the X-chromosome
b)
a dominant gene responsible present in the X-chromosome
c)
a responsible dominant gene present in the Y-chromosome
d)
a responsible dominant gene present in the autosomal chromosome
34.

The phenomenon of a single gene regulating several phenotypes is called

a)

multiple allelism

b)

epstasis

c)

incomplete dominance

d)

pleiotropy

35.
When a dihybrid cross is fit into a Punnett square with 16 boxes, the maximum number of differetn phenotypes available are
a)
8
b)
4
c)
2
d)
16
36.
Mating of an organism to a double recessive in order to determine whether it is homozygous or heterozygous for a character under consideration is called
a)
reciprocal cross
b)
test cross
c)
dihybrid cross
d)
back cross
37.
In Mendel's experiment how many differetn kinds of seeds are produced from a short plant with wrinkled seeds (tt rr) ?
a)
9
b)
4
c)
2
d)
1
38.
Which of the following cannot be explained on the basis of Mendel's law of dominance?
a)
factors occur in pairs
b)
discrete unit controlling a particular character is called a factor
c)
out of one pair of factors one is dominant and the other recessive
d)
alleles do not show any blending and both characters recover as such in F2 generation
39.
The genotype of a plant showing a dominant phenotype can be determined by
a)
back cross
b)
test cross
c)
dihybrid cross
d)
pedigree analysis
40.
Phenotypic ratio in plant Snapdragon in F2 is
a)
1 : 1
b)
2 : 1
c)
3 : 1
d)
1 : 2 : 1
41.
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was found to be very suitable for experimental verificaiton of chromosomal theory of inheritance by Morgan and his colleagues because
a)
it reproduces parthenogenetically
b)
a single mating produces two young flies
c)
smaller female is easily recognisable from larger male
d)
it completes life cycle in about two weeks
42.
Chromosome is made up of
a)
DNA + pectin
b)
RNA + DNA
c)
DNA + histone
d)
only histone
43.
Mendel's principle of segregation means that the germ cells always receive
a)
one pair of alleles
b)
one quarter of genes
c)
one of paired alleles
d)
any pair of alleles
44.
F2 generation in a Mendellian cross showed that both genotypic and phenotypic ratios are same as 1 : 2 : 1. It represents a case of
a)
co-dominance
b)
dihybrid cross
c)
monohybrid cross with complete dominance
d)
monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance
45.
The scientist who conducted hybridization experiments on pea plants
a)
Landsteiner
b)
Gregor Johann Mendel
c)
Bateson
d)
Punnett
46.
Plant, which Mendel worked on (scientific name)
a)
Mirabilis jalapa
b)
Crotalaria juncea
c)
Pisum sativum
d)
Sesbania sesban
47.
The physical manifestation of a gene
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
c)
allele
d)
trait
48.
Two alternative forms of a gene
a)
allele
b)
trait
c)
DNA
d)
all of the above
49.
When both alleles of a particular gene are similar
a)
heterozygous
b)
homozygous
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
50.
The variant of a particular character of an individual
a)
allele
b)
gene
c)
trait
d)
none of the above
51.
The trait that is expressed in homozygous condition only
a)
codominance
b)
dominance
c)
recessive
d)
incomplete dominance
52.
A cross performed to find the genotype of heterozygotes for single character
a)
polyhybrid cross
b)
reciprocal cross
c)
back cross
d)
ONE TRAIT test cross
53.
Example of incomplete dominance (scientific name)
a)
Antirrhinium
b)
Punnett square
c)
thalasamia
d)
haemophilia
54.
Inheritance of human blood group defies Mendel law and shows
a)
phenotype
b)
codominance
c)
dominance
d)
all of the above
55.
Inheritance that shows blending of characters
a)
dominance
b)
recessive
c)
intermediate
d)
incomplete dominance
56.
A trait that is expressed by more than two alleles
a)
fixed ear lobes
b)
baldness
c)
colour of eyes
d)
human blood group
57.
A pattern of inheritance when two genes are equally dominant
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
c)
co-dominant
d)
incomplete dominance
58.
If a person has genotype AB, the person belongs to this type of trait
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
recessive
d)
codominance
59.
A trait that is expressed in heterozygotes
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
c)
intermediate
d)
none
60.

Inheritance pattern involving two characters

a)

polyhybrid

b)

dihybrid

c)

polygenes

d)

multiple allele

61.
The phenotypic ratio of cross with two characters
a)
9:1:3:3
b)
1:3:3:9
c)
9:3:1:3
d)
9:3:3:1
62.
The reason for new combinations in the cross with two characters
a)
segregation
b)
independent assortment
c)
pleitropy
d)
recombinants
63.
A chart prepared to study inheritance pattern in humans
a)
karyotype
b)
Punnet square
c)
pedigree
d)
test cross
64.
When one gene influences the expression of more than one character
a)
polygenes
b)
mutation
c)
segregation
d)
pleiotropy
65.
Mutation in hb gene cause the disease
a)
haemophilia
b)
thallasamia
c)
sickle cell anaemia
d)
blood cancer
66.

Examples of pleiotropy

a)

phenylketonuria, haemophilia

b)

sickle cell anaemia, phenylketonuria

c)

starch synthesis in pea, haemophilia

d)

sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia

67.
Scientists who said behavious of chromosome and genes are parallel
a)
Mendel and Bateson
b)
Sutton and Galton
c)
Mendel and Punnett
d)
Sutton and Boveri
68.
Chromosomes that normally cooru in pairs and are responsible for somatic characters
a)
autosomes
b)
allosomes
c)
polygenes
d)
recombinants
69.
The sex determination in man and Drosophila is referred as
a)
female heterogamy
b)
sex linked inheritance
c)
male heterogamy
d)
criss-cross inheritance
70.
Type of sex determination shown in butterflies and moths
a)
recombinants
b)
male heterogamy
c)
sex linked inheritance
d)
female heterogamy
71.
Sex chromosomes are also called
a)
allosomes
b)
autosomes
c)
pedigree
d)
pleiotropy
72.
Inheritance of genes present on the sex chromosomes
a)
criss-cross inheritance
b)
polygenes
c)
sex linked inheritance
d)
allosomes
73.
Inheritance pattern of genes on X-chromosome
a)
back cross
b)
criss-cross
c)
test cross
d)
dihybrid cross
74.
The non-parental characters formed in a dihybrid cross
a)
recombinants
b)
dominant
c)
co-dominant
d)
dihybrid
75.
An example of X-linked inheritance
a)
colour blindness, skin colour
b)
haemophilia, thalassemia
c)
colour blindness , haemophilia
d)
sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia
76.
Inheritance of two or more genes on the same chromosome
a)
crossing over
b)
linkage
c)
criss-cross inheritance
d)
recombinants
77.
The exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids
a)
linkage
b)
segregation
c)
pedigree
d)
crossing over
78.
When non parental combinations are not seen then the linkage is
a)
incomplete
b)
complete
c)
complementary
d)
inhibiting
79.
The reason for new combinations in the cross with two characters
a)
polygene
b)
segregation
c)
pedigree
d)
independent assortment
80.
Alleles move to different gametes during meiosis is stated by the law
a)
segregation
b)
unit factor dominance
c)
intra-allelic interaction
d)
dominance and recessiveness
81.
Inheritance pattern of genes on X chromosome
a)
criss-cross inheritance
b)
polygenic inheritance
c)
quantitative inheritance
d)
monogenic inheritance
82.
The non parental characters formed in a dihybrid cross
a)
variation
b)
cross breeding
c)
recombinants
d)
genome
83.

An example of cumulative effect of genes

a)

baldness

b)

skin colour in humans

c)

colour of eyes

d)

shape of nose

84.
A pattern of inheritance when two genes are equally dominant
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
c)
co-dominant
d)
complete
85.
Mutations occuring in the wild
a)
substitution
b)
frame shift
c)
spontaneous
d)
point mutations
86.
Substances that cause mutations
a)
mutagens
b)
mutanents
c)
allele
d)
gene
87.
Mutations that affect only one gene
a)
spontaneous
b)
allele
c)
mutagen
d)
point mutations
88.
Mutation that involves change in number of nucleotides
a)
substitution
b)
frame shift
c)
point mutation
d)
chromosomal aberration
89.
Mutations that involve rearragement of nucleotides
a)
spontaneous
b)
substitution
c)
point mutation
d)
frame shift
90.

Failure of segregation of chromatids leading to loss or gain of chromosome

a)

Polytropy

b)

pleiotropy

c)

chromosomal aberrations

d)

antirrhinium

91.
Syndrome resulting due to lack of one sex chormosome having 45 chromosomes
a)
Turner
b)
Down syndrome
c)
Thalassemia
d)
Sickle cell anaemia
92.

An autosomal defect caused by addition or deletion in the nucleotides coding for haemoglobin chain

a)

Sickle cell anaemia

b)

colour blindness

c)

haemophilia

d)

Thalassemia

93.
An autsomal disease caused due to base substitution in the haemoglobin gene
a)
Thalassemia
b)
haemophilia
c)
Sickle cell anaemia
d)
Sickle cell anaemia
94.
Disorder caused due to an additional copy of chromosome 21
a)
Turner
b)
Down syndrome
c)
Klinefelter
d)
Superfemales
95.

One cat has a heterozygous genotype, black fur (Bb), and its mate has a homozygous genotype grey fur (bb). Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having grey fur.

a)

100%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

96.

In a certain species of plant, the color blue (P) is dominant and the color white (p) is recessive. According to the Punnett Square, what is the probability of an offspring being white? (PP x pp)

a)

100%

b)

25%

c)

0%

d)

75%

97.

If the child's blood group is O, father's blood group is A and mother's blood group is B. then the genotype of the parents will be

a)

IA IA and IB IO

b)

IA Io and IB IO

c)

IA IO and IO IO

d)

IO IO and IB IB

98.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
99.
W=white hair
w= non-white hair
If you cross a horse with WW and a horse with ww what fraction of the offspring would be expected to have white hair?
a)
none
b)
3/4
c)
1/2
d)
all
100.
Females-XX; MalesXY.  A couple has 4 girls.  What is the chance the next child will be a boy?
a)
75%
b)
100%
c)
25%
d)
50%

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