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Exam U1 and 2 revision

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Diffusion is the net movement of molecule from a region of ...1...to region of ...2....

a)

1: lower concentration, 2: higher concentration

b)

1: higher concentration, 2: lower concentration

c)

1: lower concentration, 2: lower concentration

d)

1: higher concentration, 2: higher concentration

2.

Osmosis is the passage of ...1... molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a ... 2 ... permeable membrane

a)

1: sugar, 2: completely

b)

1: sugar, 2: partially

c)

1: water, 2: completely

d)

1: water, 2: partially

3.

Active transport is movement of particles through the cell membrane from a region of ...1... to a region of ...2... using energy in the form of ...3...

a)

1: lower concentration, 2: higher concentration, 3: NADPH

b)

1: higher concentration, 2: lower concentration, 3: NADPH

c)

1: higher concentration, 2: lower concentration, 3: ATP

d)

1: lower concentration, 2: higher concentration, 3: ATP

4.

A phospholipid has two parts. What are they called?

a)

Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophobic Tail

b)

Hydrophobic Head, Hydrophilic Tail

5.
Describes the arrangement of the cell membrane as bendable and made of many parts. 
a)
The Fluid Mosaic Model 
b)
The Major Mobility Model 
c)
The Crazy Cell Model
d)
The Maze Model
6.

Which of the following molecules pass easily through the cell membrane, requiring little extra help or energy? Select all that apply.

a)

sodium

b)

glucose

c)

oxygen

d)

carbon dioxide

7.

Select all that apply.

Plasma membranes are composed of a bilayer of phospholipids with ________, _________, and ________ embedded within.

a)

proteins

b)

carbohydrates

c)

DNA

d)

cholesterol

8.

What do E and F represent?

a)

phosphlipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

membrane proteins

d)

cholesterol

9.

After examining this diagram showing the concentration of water inside and outside of the cell, identify the tonicity of the solution.

a)

hypertonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

isotonic

10.

After examining this diagram showing the concentration of water inside and outside of the cell, identify the tonicity of the solution.

a)

isotonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

hypertonic

11.

This egg has shrunk, what type of solution was it placed in?

a)

hypotonic solution

b)

hypertonic solution

c)

isotonic solution

12.

What happens to an enzyme when it denatures?

a)

The activation energy of the reaction is doubled.

b)

The activation energy of the reaction is lowered.

c)

It's optimal conditions for temperature of the enzyme are doubled.

d)

The shape of the enzyme molecule is changed.

13.
Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?
a)
voltage-gated channels
b)
surface receptor
c)
calcium channels
d)
active site
14.
What is the purpose  of an enzyme?
a)
give permission for the reaction
b)
raise activation energy
c)
speed up reactions
d)
control how many reactions occur
15.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
16.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
17.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
18.
Letter E...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
19.
Which side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs?
a)
Right
b)
Left
20.
The heart has ___ chambers.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
21.
This chamber of the heart RECEIVES blood returning from the body
a)
Right Atrium
b)
Right Ventricle
c)
Left Atrium
d)
Left Ventricle
22.
When air pressure inside the lungs is less than air pressure in the atmosphere...
a)
Air moves into the lungs
b)
Air moves out of the lungs
23.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and water
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Carbon monoxide
24.
What type of respiration requires oxygen?
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
25.
What are the products of anaerobic respiration?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and water
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Carbon monoxide
26.
Which type of respiration is most efficient?
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
27.
Where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Cell membrane
28.
What is the molecule called that mitochondria produce when they respire glucose?
a)
ATP
b)
ADP
c)
DNA
d)
80p
29.
The water needed for photosynthesis comes into the leaves through the
a)
upper epidermis
b)
stomata
c)
guard cells
d)
xylem cells
30.
The important gases, carbon dioxide and oxygen, enter and leave the leaf through the
a)
upper epidermis
b)
phloem
c)
stomata
d)
guard cells
31.
Which structure helps prevent water loss and protects the leaf?
a)
Palisades mesophyll
b)
Spongy mesophyll
c)
Vascular tissue
d)
Cuticle
32.

What is the name of the elongated, packed cells (part G) directly under the upper epidermis?

a)

Palisade cells

b)

Guard cell

c)

Spongy layer

d)

Lower epidermis

33.

What is letter "D" pointing to?

a)

upper epidermis

b)

palisade mesophyll

c)

spongy mesophyll

d)

bundle sheath

34.

Most photosynthesis occurs in this part of the leaf:

a)

upper epidermis

b)

cuticle

c)

palisade mesophyll

d)

spongy mesophyll

35.

Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions?

a)

Oxygen

b)

NADPH

c)

ATP

d)

Glucose (Sugar)

36.
What gas does the process of photosynthesis release into the atmosphere?
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
nitrogen
37.
In the ________________________, energy from the sun is used to make ATP 
a)
light-independent reaction
b)
dark reaction
c)
light-dependent reaction
d)
Calvin cycle
38.

Most hormones are ________.

a)

regulated by a positive feedback mechanism

b)

classified as steroids

c)

released upon stimulation by other hormones

d)

controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients

39.

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________.

a)

direct gene activation

b)

the second-messenger system

c)

steroid hormone action

d)

diffusion

40.

How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?

a)

steroid hormone

b)

amine hormone

c)

peptide hormone

d)

protein hormone

41.

In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?

a)

cyclic AMP (cAMP)

b)

DNA

c)

ATP

d)

the hormone

42.

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________.

a)

diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells

b)

catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

c)

enter the nucleus

d)

bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus

43.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
44.

When food is scarce ( not much available), bears hibernate.What type of adaptation is this?

a)

Structural and Behavioral

b)

Physiological and Behavioral

c)

Physiological and Structural

45.
Penguins huddle close together to keep warm.
a)
Structural
b)
Behavioral
46.

Plants grow towards sunlight to help them acquire as much sunlight as possible.

a)

behavioral

b)

structural

47.

Which type of tissue stores fat for heat, primarily in infants and hibernating mammals?

a)

White areolar tissue

b)

Brown adipose tissue

c)

Grey adipose tissue

d)

Yellow areolar tissue

48.

A --> B + C

a)

Anabolic

b)

Catabolic

49.

Net release of energy

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

50.
Which of the following is true for anabolic pathways?
a)
they do not depend on enzymes
b)
they are usually spontaneous chemical reactions
c)
they consume energy to build polymers from monomers
d)
They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers
51.

Which hormone stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys?

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Antidiuretic hormone

d)

Thyroxine

52.

Upregulation can be defined as:

a)

when a cell is prompted to produce more of a particular cellular component, such as enzymes or receptors.

b)

prompting cells to produce all possible hormones in a hormone flush.

c)

when a cell is prompted to produce less of a particular cellular component, such as enzymes or receptors.

d)

inhibiting cells from producing any hormones until a downregulation trigger is received.

53.

Which hormone is antagonistic to insulin?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Prolactin

d)

Thyroid hormone

54.

Which item listed below is not involved in some way in signal transduction for the cell?

a)

Protein kinase

b)

Small cyclic nucleotide

c)

Membrane receptor protein

d)

phosphorylated protein

e)

None of the above

55.

What is the name of the part of the neuron that is pointed out in the image?

a)

Cell Body (Soma)

b)

Axon

c)

Myelin Sheats

d)

Dendrites

56.

The extension that transmit electrical impulses from the som to other parts is:

a)

Myelin Sheaths

b)

Soma

c)

Dendrites

d)

Axon

57.

What type of neuron is represented on the image?

a)

Motor Neuron

b)

Interneuron

c)

Sensory Neuron

58.

Type of neuron that perceive information about your environment.

a)

Motor Neuron

b)

Interneuron

c)

Sensory Neuron

59.
When a neuron is resting, the inside of the axon has a ____________ charge.
a)
-55 mV
b)
-70 mV
c)
40 mV
d)
-75 mV
60.
Which ions are involved in an action potential?
a)
Na; Cl
b)
Na; K
c)
K; Cl
d)
Na; Ca
61.
The sodium potassium pump restores the resting potential. By which process does this work? 
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Facilitated diffusion
d)
Active transport
62.
When a neuron is resting, the inside of the axon has a ____________ charge.
a)
positive
b)
negative
63.

According to the feedback loop, what does high blood sugar promote?

a)

Insulin Release

b)

Glucagon Release

c)

Insulin Uptake

d)

Glycogen Uptake

64.

Three ways you body can lose heat

a)

Evaporation of sweat

b)

Warm air exhaled out

c)

Hairs becoming erect

d)

Vasodilation

65.

Recall where in the nephron reabsorption of glucose occurs.

a)

Loop on Henle

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Proximal convoluted tubule

d)

Distal convoluted tubule

66.

Recall where in the nephron reabsorption of water using a counter current system occurs.

a)

Collecting duct

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Loop of Henle

d)

Urethra

67.

After the process of filtration, the filtrate enters into the proximal convoluted tubule where most of the water, amino acids, and glucose are...

a)

stored in the bladder

b)

excreted through the ureters

c)

reabsorbed

d)

concentrated in the urine

68.

Where are you at in your revision?

a)

Well and truly done

b)

Nearly there

c)

Have not started

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