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Ecosystems,Biomes,&Biogeochemcycles APES ch3&ch4mod.12&13

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 3hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

One characteristic feature of the tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a permanently frozen subsoil. This characteristic is known as

a)

Hoarfrost

b)

Glaciation

c)

Permafrost

d)

Crystallization

2.

The kangaroo rat is able to get all of the water it needs through its food and therefore, never needs to drink liquid. This animal has adapted to survive in which biome?

a)

Forest

b)

Tundra

c)

Desert

d)

Grassland

3.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Rain and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Precipitation and Temperature 
4.
The biome known for trees with broad leaves that fall off the trees in the winter.
a)
Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forests
b)
Temperate Seasonal (Decidious) Forests
c)
Deserts
d)
Tropical Rain Forests
5.

Which biome covers most of the land mass near Earth's equator?

a)

Desert

b)

Grassland

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Temperate forest

6.

The rain forest soil is

a)

poor and rocky

b)

frozen soil

c)

thick and nutrient rich

d)

thin and nutrient poor

7.
Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?
a)
Tundra
b)
Rainforest
c)
Desert
d)
Coniferous forest
8.

__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.

a)

Net

b)

Total

c)

Gross

d)

Secondary

9.

__________ primary productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).

a)

Gross

b)

Total

c)

Net

d)

Secondary

10.

The total quantity of all living matter in an area is called:

a)

Troposphere

b)

Net Primary Productivity

c)

Biomass

d)

Ecosystem

11.

Ecological efficiency from one trophic level to the next is generally:

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

75%

d)

90%

12.
Most of the photosynthesis in lakes and ponds occurs in the
a)
benthic zone
b)
littoral zone
c)
limnetic zone
d)
profundal zone
13.
aquatic biomes are categorized by which of the following
I. dominant plant growth forms
II. depth
III. salinity
a)
I and II only
b)
I and III only
c)
II and III only
d)
III only
14.

An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes

a)

only biotic components

b)

only abiotic components

c)

interacting biotic and abiotic components

d)

positive and negative feedback loops

15.

Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)

a)

organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere

b)

community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population

c)

organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem

d)

population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism

16.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Temperate seasonal forest

b)

Temperate rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Tropical seasonal forest

17.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal forest

c)

Temperate grassland/cold desert

d)

Woodland/shrubland

18.

A keystone species is best defined as

a)

an organism that eats all others

b)

an organism that runs the fastest

c)

an organism that keeps the food web stable

d)

an organism that has the most advantages

19.

Which of the following are examples of wetlands?

a)

swamps

b)

marshes

c)

bogs

d)

all of these are correct

20.

The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents

a)

the flow of energy from organism B to A

b)

the movement of organisms

c)

the directionality of the sun

d)

the flow of energy from organism A to B

21.
Most of the photosynthesis in lakes and ponds occurs in the
a)
benthic zone
b)
littoral zone
c)
limnetic zone
d)
profundal zone
22.
Includes mudflats, sandy beaches, and rocky shores
a)
coral reef
b)
intertidal area
c)
Sargasso Sea
d)
polar ice
23.
At what trophic level are eagle that consume fish that eat algae?
a)
decomposers
b)
primary consumers
c)
secondary consumers
d)
tertiary consumers
24.
At which trophic level do organisms use a process that produces oxygen as a waste product?
a)
Producers
b)
decomposers
c)
primary consumers
d)
secondary consumers
25.
What is the first source of energy for all food webs?
a)
Plants
b)
Sunlight
c)
Mineral in the soil
d)
Decomposers
26.
Which ocean organism is considered a producer?
a)
Phytoplankton
b)
Zooplankton
c)
Small fish
d)
Whales
27.
Roughly what percentage of incoming solar energy is converted into chemical energy by producers?
a)
10 percent
b)
between 5 and 20 percent
c)
1 percent
d)
99 percent
28.
A wolf eats a rabbit, that just ate some berries.  What would you call the rabbit?
a)
Producer
b)
Omnivore
c)
Primary Consumer
d)
2nd order Heterotrph
29.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
30.

Why do living things need nitrogen?

a)

To get energy

b)

To make amino acids

c)

To make proteins

d)

To make proteins AND amino acids

31.
What is the only process that removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
combustion
b)
cellular respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
decomposition
32.
Where is carbon stored in the environment?
a)
Fossil fuels
b)
Wood of trees
c)
Calcium carbonate (shells and bones)
d)
All of the above
33.
These gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere causing global warming
a)
Global warming gases
b)
Hot House gases
c)
Green House gases
d)
Thermal pollution
34.
A particular golf course is using large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. What process could move this nitrogen into a local stream?
a)
volatilization
b)
nitrogen fixation
c)
runoff
d)
ammonification
35.
What converts nitrogen into a useable form for plants and animals?
a)
bacteria
b)
fungi
c)
rain
36.
Which nutrient is not cycled through the atmosphere?
a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorous
d)
water
37.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
38.

What cycle are fossil fuels part of ?

a)

carbon

b)

oxygen

c)

nitrogen

d)

phosphorus

39.

What is the largest reservoir for water?

a)

the ocean

b)

rocks and minerals

c)

the atmosphere

d)

glaciers

40.

Where is the largest reservoir for the phosphorus cycle?

a)

rocks and minerals

b)

the ocean

c)

the atmopshere

d)

fossil fuels

41.

What is the largest reservoir for nitrogen?

a)

the ocean

b)

rocks and minerals

c)

the atmosphere

d)

bacteria

42.
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by
a)
Burning fossil fuels 
b)
Cellular respiration
c)
Decomposing organic matter
d)
All answers are correct
43.
Where are denitrifying bacteria found?
a)
In the soil
b)
Root nodules
c)
In dead things
d)
In the atmosphere
44.
Where are nitrogen-fixing bacteria found?
a)
In the soil
b)
Root nodules
c)
In dead things
d)
In the atmosphere
45.
What happens during the process of nitrogen-fixation?
a)
Nitrogen compounds turn into free nitrogen
b)
Free nitrogen turns into nitrogen compounds
46.
What happens during the process of denitrification?
a)
Nitrogen compounds turn into free nitrogen
b)
Free nitrogen turns into nitrogen compounds
47.
Which is NOT a way that nitrogen compounds are added to the soil?
a)
Decay of dead organisms
b)
Denitrification
c)
Animal waste
d)
Nitrogen-fixation
48.
What 2 things does a plant make during photosynthesis?
a)
oxygen, glucose
b)
glucose, carbon dioxide
c)
useable energy, glucose
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
49.
What 3 things are made during cellular respiration?
a)
useable energy, water, glucose
b)
glucose, water, carbon dioxide
c)
oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose
d)
carbon dioxide, water, useable energy
50.

Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

a)

hydrogen

b)

oxygen

c)

helium

d)

nitrogen

51.

The process where rocks are broken down over time by wind and water, releasing phosphorus.

a)

combustion

b)

corrosion

c)

deposition

d)

erosion

52.

What is the correct formula for nitrogen gas found in the atmosphere?

a)

N2

b)

NO3-

c)

NH4+

d)

NO2-

53.
How do animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)
eating other organisms
c)
rainwater
d)
lightning 
54.
What is happening at 1?
a)
respiration: releasing CO2
b)
decomposing CO2 in the soil
c)
photosynthesis: absorbing CO2
d)
turning CO2 from the atmosphere into organic molecules
55.

Coal, natural gas, and oil are examples of _________

a)

the carbon cycle

b)

products of photosynthesis

c)

good fuels for barbecues

d)

fossil fuels

56.
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by
a)
Burning fossil fuels 
b)
Cellular respiration
c)
Decomposing organic matter
d)
All answers are correct
57.

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature?

a)

Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis

b)

Carbon compounds rarely exist in the gaseous state

c)

Carbons sinks include forests and oceans

d)

The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduce by cutting trees

e)

Carbon is concentrated in igneous rocks

58.
Which of the following describes the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle? Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert
a)
nitrates intro nitrogen gas
b)
ammonia into proteins
c)
nitrogen gas into ammonia
d)
proteins into nitrates
59.
If the atmosphere is 78% N2, why can't we just get our nitrogen by breathing?
a)
We have no mechanism to break the triple bond of nitrogen between the atoms.
b)
Our lungs would be damaged by the N2.
c)
We need Oxygen for cellular respiration.
d)
The legumes take it up first.
60.
A chlorophyll molecule, the plant pigment that facilitates photosynthesis, is necessary to all plants.  Elements in chlorophyll include carbon and
a)
aluminum
b)
boron
c)
nitrogen
d)
iron
61.
A chlorophyll molecule, the plant pigment that facilitates photosynthesis, is necessary to all plants.  Elements in chlorophyll include carbon and
a)
aluminum
b)
boron
c)
nitrogen
d)
iron
62.

A ____________ is a reservoir that takes up a chemical element and stores it for a long period of time.

a)

Sink

b)

Source

c)

Bucket

d)

Location

63.

What is a greenhouse gas?

a)

A gas that helps plants grow

b)

Any gas in the atmosphere

c)

A gas that absorbs solar radiation allowing the Earth to stay at a livable temperature

d)

A gas that can only be harmful and poisonous

64.

How is the ocean involved in the carbon cycle?

a)

Aquatic plants absorb CO2 to perform photosynthesis

b)

The surface of the ocean absorbs and dissolves CO2

c)

Certain aquatic plants take in carbon to make their shells

d)

The ocean releases carbon that was stored in the remains of dead organisms

e)

All of the options are correct

65.

What types of organisms need carbon to survive?

a)

Insects

b)

Plants

c)

Mamals

d)

All types of organisms

66.

How does a cow transfer carbon to other parts of the environment?

a)

It releases CO2 through respiration

b)

It releases carbon as waste

c)

it transfers carbon to humans when we eat it

d)

all of the answers are correct

67.

Energy flows through an ecosystem and is transferred as ____________, but chemical elements are ____________.

a)

light, heat

b)

heat, lost

c)

light, gained

d)

heat, recycled

68.

Which of the following is NOT a SOLID form of carbon in the carbon cycle?

a)

Diamond

b)

Plants

c)

Coal

d)

Carbon Dioxide

69.

This is a source of Nitrogen ______________ and the problem is ________________

a)

fertilizers (synthetic and manure)..............it causes algal blooms in bodies of water

b)

smelting, refining and burning coal........................it causes acid rain

c)

rocks.....................causes algal blooms in water sources

d)

volcanoes......................it is a greenhouse gas

70.

Burning gas in your car and buying bags of fertilizer are all problems associated with the Nitrogen cycle....this is another source?

a)

volcanoes

b)

burning coal

c)

waste or feces from animals

d)

mining rocks

71.

The biggest threat to the environment from excessive Sulfur is......

a)

global warming

b)

acid rain

c)

algal blooms in lakes

d)

all of these are problems associated with Sulfur

72.

Other than smelting and refining this is probably the largest input of sulfur into the atmosphere.....

a)

burning coal

b)

burning gasoline

c)

animal waste

73.

One natural source of sulfur into the atmosphere is.........

a)

earthquakes

b)

volcanoes

c)

hurricanes

d)

tornados

74.
What is the energy source for the water cycle?
a)
the sun
b)
the earth
c)
water
d)
the moon
75.

Both plants and animals use nitrogen to make _________ and __________

a)

nitrates and lightning

b)

proteins and DNA

c)

water and air

d)

gas and liquids

76.

Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, the producer would produce about ___ kilograms of a consumer tissue that would provide about ____ kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer

a)

100; 10

b)

10; 1

c)

100; 1

d)

1; 0.1

77.

The length and complexity of a food web in the Arctic would be ____ when compared to one in the tropical rainforest.

a)

Short and less complex

b)

short and more complex

c)

long and less complex

d)

long and more complex

78.

Intraspecific Competition is between the same species. true or false?

a)

True

b)

False

79.

Diurnal and Nocturnal creatures share their resources through the use of which of the following processes?

a)

Competition

b)

Resource Partitioning

c)

Different trophic levels

d)

Coevolution

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