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Biology Keystone Review

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Carbon can combine with many different elements but frequently combines with oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen to form organic molecules. Which statement best explains why carbon is able to form a large number of different molecules?

a)

carbon forms only ionic bonds

b)

carbon can form only ring structures

c)

carbon can form four covalent bonds

d)

carbon forms small, simple structures

2.

Which statement correctly describes how a protein is formed?

a)

a monosaccharide bonded to a side chain is broken apart

b)

amino acids are bonded together in a long chain to form a new molecule

c)

a molecule containing glycerol bonded to three fatty acids is broken apart

d)

a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group combine to form a new molecule

3.

Some human diseases involve the unregulated growth of cells. Although some patients are not affected by these growths, many are harmed. Cells in harmful growths divide uncontrollably and can eventually invade other cells, tissues, and organs of the body. Some patients carry a mutation on one or more growth-suppressor genes (GSGs). GSGs help to repair damage to DNA. This mutation decreases the individual’s ability to fight these harmful growths. Recently, researchers reported on the results of using a combination of two types of medicine to treat patients with unregulated growths caused by a lack of functioning GSGs. When medicine X (large molecule, damages DNA) and medicine Y (large molecule, decreases enzyme activity) are used together, they cause the cell processes in the targeted cells to fail.


Given the properties of the medicine Y molecule, which mechanism is most likely responsible for medicine Y’s entry into cells?

a)

osmosis

b)

exocytosis

c)

active transport

d)

simple diffusion

4.

A group of students is given a sample of an unknown substance. The students are asked to gather evidence to determine whether the substance is living or nonliving. The students take a small sample of the substance and observe it using a microscope. What are two characteristics of the substance that could be observed to indicate whether it is living or nonliving.

a)

the substance is made up of cells

b)

the substance responds to stimuli

c)

the substance is made up of carbon atoms

d)

the substance is green

5.

Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?

a)

they have cell membranes

b)

they can change over time

c)

they use energy to function

d)

they have the ability to reproduce

6.

Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals?

a)

chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis

b)

mitochondria that conduct photosynthesis

c)

chloroplasts that conduct cellular respiration

d)

mitochondria that conduct cellular respiration

7.

Which characteristic allows carbon atoms to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms?

a)

carbon has several forms

b)

Carbon can form four covalent bonds

c)

Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe.

d)

Carbon is a structural part of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

8.

Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how cellulose is formed within living organisms?

a)

It is assembled by bonding individual atoms.

b)

It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.

c)

It is the product of the decomposition of a much larger molecule.

d)

It is the result of a physical change that alters the shape of a compound.

9.

Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating?

a)

The waxy coating is a protein that can help attract other organisms for pollination

b)

The waxy coating is a protein that can help release waste molecules during transpiration

c)

. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help absorb more sunlight in hot environments

d)

The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments.

10.

The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin’s function?

a)

a medicine that affects pH

b)

a medicine that prevents clotting

c)

a medicine that blocks neural impulses

d)

a medicine that lowers cholesterol levels

11.

Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

a)

Mitochondria release chemical energy from molecules and store it in chloroplasts.

b)

Chloroplasts release chemical energy from molecules and store it in mitochondria.

c)

Mitochondria convert chemical energy into light energy that can be used by chloroplasts.

d)

Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.

12.

Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants?

a)

active transport

b)

cellular respiration

c)

DNA replication

d)

protein synthesis

13.

Which action is prevented by the plasma membrane?

a)

the flow of light into or out of the cell

b)

the flow of oxygen into or out of the cell

c)

unlimited flow of heat into or out of the cell

d)

unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell

14.

Which transport mechanisms require the formation of a vesicle to transport material into or out of a cell?

a)

diffusion and osmosis

b)

exocytosis and endocytosis

c)

exocytosis and calcium pumps

d)

diffusion and facilitated diffusion

15.

The Golgi apparatus is broken down during mitosis and then reformed. Which function would a cell be unable to perform during the time that its Golgi apparatus is broken down?

a)

copying genetic material to include in the new cell

b)

forming vesicles to import molecules into the cell

c)

processing and packaging proteins for cellular export

d)

correcting errors in the process of building a new cell

16.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. The cell walls of these microorganisms serve as barriers to chemicals that might affect the processes that occur within a bacterial cell. Antibiotics are a type of substance used to stop bacterial growth. Some antibiotics cause the bacterial cell wall to rupture.

The function of which human organ is most like the cell walls of bacteria?

a)

heart

b)

liver

c)

pancreas

d)

skin

17.

Which statement best describes how antibiotics affect cellular homeostasis?

a)

Antibiotics remove chloroplasts from plant cells to cause starvation.

b)

Antibiotics interfere with the transport of intracellular and extracellular materials.

c)

Antibiotics increase the rate of DNA replication in human cells by forming nucleotides.

d)

Antibiotics decrease the rate of cellular respiration in animal cells by producing oxygen.

18.

Life functions are performed at many levels of biological organization. Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which a structure can support life functions?

a)

cell

b)

tissue

c)

organelle

d)

organ system

19.

The opening of the stomata allows water to evaporate from inside the leaf in a process known as transpiration. As this occurs, water molecules cling to one another and pull water in a continuous stream up the stem of the plant from the roots to the leaves. Which property of water makes this movement possible?

a)

cohesion

b)

freezing point

c)

high specific heat

d)

temperature-dependent density

20.

In a Biological Reaction, tyrosine + valine + proline----> tyrosine, valine, proline bonded together by peptide bonds. Which statement best describes this event?

a)

Glucose is being synthesized in the chloroplast using nitrogen from plants.

b)

Amino acid monomers are joining together to form a protein macromolecule.

c)

A polymer in the nucleus is being broken into its individual monomer subunits.

d)

Lipid molecules are forming fatty acid chains in a dehydration synthesis reaction.

21.

Plant cells use sunlight to make their own food. Which structure allows plant cells to perform this function?

a)

nucleus

b)

vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

mitochondrion

22.

Which statement best explains why cellular respiration in plants and other organisms is dependent on photosynthesis?

a)

Photosynthesis is one of the final steps in cellular respiration.

b)

Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration.

c)

Photosynthesis absorbs excess energy produced by cellular respiration.

d)

Photosynthesis absorbs materials that are catalyzed during cellular respiration.

23.

Molecules Needed for Protein Synthesis include

• mRNA • tRNA • amino acids • ATP molecules


A plant cell uses the molecules in the list to synthesize a protein. What role do the ATP molecules play in the protein synthesis process?

a)

they provide energy

b)

they increase activation energy

c)

they convert energy into hereditary information

d)

they absorb excess energy to prevent overheating

24.

The indicated protein is part of a cell membrane. What is the most likely purpose of this protein?

a)

It allows passage of particles into and out of the cell.

b)

It manufactures phospholipids to repair membrane damage.

c)

It releases stored chemical energy in membrane carbohydrates.

d)

It attracts unbalanced electrical charges in the cell’s environment.

25.

Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport?

a)

Only active transport requires ATP.

b)

Only active transport moves small particles.

c)

Only active transport relies on a plasma membrane.

d)

Only active transport allows substances to leave a cell.

26.

All living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. Which statement best describes one way humans maintain homeostasis?

a)

Temperature is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide.

b)

Water content is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide.

c)

Temperature is regulated by sweating.

d)

Water content is regulated by sweating.

27.

Which characteristic of life is best shown by this diagram?

a)

DNA is the genetic code in an organism.

b)

An organism is made of one or more cells.

c)

An organism responds to changes in its environment.

d)

Changes occur in an organism as it grows and develops.

28.

Which statement best explains why these cells have structural differences?

a)

The cells have different functions.

b)

The cells evolved in different organisms.

c)

One of the cells develops into the other type of cell.

d)

One of the cells is more primitive than the other cell.

29.

Which of the following is a property of water that allows a water strider to walk on the surface of water?

a)

solubility

b)

cohesion

c)

high specific heat

d)

low freezing point

30.

Which statement describes the formation of a protein molecule?

a)

Amino acids combine to form a protein chain.

b)

Fatty acid monomers dissolve to form a protein chain.

c)

Fatty acid monomers combine to form a protein chain.

d)

Amino acids dissolve monomers to form a protein chain.

31.

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme involved in the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to form a molecule that dissolves well in the liquid part of blood. How does carbonic anhydrase affect this reaction?

a)

by making the reaction reversible

b)

by changing chemical products of the reaction

c)

by increasing the time needed for the reaction to occur

d)

by decreasing the amount of energy needed to complete the reaction

32.

Which statement best describes this role of plastids in the plant cell?

a)

Chloroplasts transform light energy into chemical energy.

b)

Mitochondria transform light energy into chemical energy.

c)

Chloroplasts transform chemical energy into electromagnetic energy.

d)

Mitochondria transform chemical energy into electromagnetic energy.

33.

Which two statements correctly describe one similarity and one difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

1. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both involve water.

2. Cellular respiration uses sugar, and photosynthesis produces sugar.

3. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both use light to produce energy.

4. Cellular respiration requires light energy, and photosynthesis requires chemical energy.

a)

1 and 4

b)

1 and 2

c)

2 and 3

d)

3 and 4

34.

What cell structure does all of the following:

• allows waste to exit the cell

• allows chemicals required for cellular respiration to enter the cell

• regulates movement of water into and out of the cell

a)

lysosome

b)

mitochondria

c)

endoplasmic reticulum

d)

plasma membrane

35.

A jackrabbit has large ears containing blood vessels that help it maintain a constant body temperature by adjusting heat exchange with the surrounding environment. Which characteristic of life is best described by this example?

a)

growth

b)

energy use

c)

organization

d)

homeostasis

36.
A group of students measured a ten-square-meter section of a pond ecosystem and recorded observations. Which statement is a testable hypothesis?
a)
The frogs living in the pond represent a population
b)
Water is an abiotic component in the pond ecosystem
c)
If the fish are given more food, then they will be happier
d)
If the frogs are startled, then they will jump into the water
37.
 Which term best classifies all of the observations?  Observations:  two grey wolves, five moose, several species of conifer trees, large granite rock and shallow pond.
a)
population
b)
food chain
c)
ecosystem
d)
community
38.
A researcher observing an ecosystem describes the amount of sunlight, precipitation, and type of soil present. Which factors is the researcher most likely describing?
a)
biotic factors in a forest
b)
biotic factors in a tundra
c)
abiotic factors in a prairie
d)
abiotic factors in an ocean
39.
A species of snapping turtles has a tongue that resembles a worm. The tongue is used to attract small fish. Which best describes the interaction between the fish and the snapping turtle?
a)
predation
b)
symbiosis
c)
parasitism
d)
competition
40.
Which statement correctly describes how nitrogen in the soil returns to the atmosphere?
a)
Soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
b)
Decomposers directly convert ammonium into nitrogen gas
c)
Plants assimilate nitrites and convert them into nitrogen gas
d)
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
41.
Which sequence correctly describes the flow of energy between organisms in the marine food web?
a)
from seals to penguins to krill
b)
from whales to krill to small fish
c)
from sea birds to seals to penguins
d)
from small fish to penguins to seals
42.
Agricultural runoff can carry fertilizers into lakes and streams. This runoff can cause algae populations to greatly increase. Which effect does this change in the algae population sizes most likely have on affected lakes and streams?
a)
an increase in water level
b)
an increase in water clarity
c)
a reduction in dissolved oxygen needed by fish and shellfish
d)
a reduction in temperature variations near the water’s surface
43.
A farmer observed that an increase in a field’s soil nitrogen content was followed by an increase in producer productivity. What does this observation most likely indicate about the relationship between nitrogen and the producers in the field?
a)
Nitrogen was a biotic factor
b)
Nitrogen was a limiting factor
c)
Nitrogen became a surplus resource
d)
Nitrogen became a selection pressure
44.
Mute Swans are one of the heaviest flying birds and consume up to 8 pounds of vegetation each day. How will the migration of Mute Swans into an area most likely affect the birds native to that area?
a)
The native birds and the Mute Swans will coexist peacefully together
b)
The native birds will immediately migrate to another area
c)
The native birds will decrease in number because there is not enough food for all the birds
d)
The native birds will adapt to consume less food or different types of food
45.
Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
a)
human
b)
bird
c)
grass
d)
rock
46.
Often, organisms compete with each other for a food source. Which of the following pairs of organisms compete with each other for food?
a)
mice and rabbits
b)
squirrels and owls
c)
rabbits and green plants
d)
mice and owls
47.
A herd of zebra eating grass includes groups of organisms from different species. These groups best exemplify
a)
a biome interaction
b)
a community interaction
c)
an ecosystem interaction
d)
a population interaction
48.

An exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis; contributes to the genetic variability in gametes and in offspring

a)

Crossing over

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Gamete

d)

Cytokinesis

49.

The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself

a)

Meiosis

b)

Mitosis

c)

DNA Replication

50.

The process in which sister chromatids fail to separate during and after mitosis or meiosis

a)

Meiosis

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Crossing over

51.

A change in the structure of a chromosome (e.g. deletion, inversion and translocation)

a)

Cytokinesis

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Chromosomal Mutation

52.

A nuclear division resulting in the production of two somatic cells having the same genetic complement as the original cell

a)

Meiosis

b)

Mitosis

c)

DNA replication

53.

The longest lasting phase of the cell cycle in which a cell performs the majority of its functions, such as preparing for nuclear division and cytokinesis

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Interphase

54.

Using this diagram, which event most likely occurs next in mitosis?

a)

The chromatin condenses

b)

The nuclear envelope dissolves

c)

The chromosomes double in number

d)

The cell membrane pinches inward to divide the cytoplasm

55.

Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plants cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

a)

Meiosis is a multi-step process

b)

Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells

c)

Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism

d)

Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells

56.

Which part of the apple flower produces cells by meiosis?

a)

style- pollen tube grown down through style

b)

anther- makes pollen containing sperm

c)

stigma- traps pollen

d)

filament- supports anther

57.

Which statement best describes the phase of the cell cycle shown?

a)

The cell is in prophase of MITOSIS because the number of chromosomes has doubled.

b)

The cell is in prophase I of MEIOSIS because the number of chromosomes has doubled.

c)

The cell is in telophase of MITOSIS because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome.

d)

The cell is in telophase of MEIOSIS because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome.

58.
Which process helps to preserve the genetic information stored in DNA during DNA replication?
a)
the replacement of nitrogen base thymine with uracil
b)
enzymes quickly linking notrogen bases with hydrogen bonds
c)
the synthesis of unique sugar and phosphate molecules for each nucelotide
d)
nucleotides lining up along the template strand according to base pairing rules
59.
In a flowering plant species, red flower color is dominant over white flower color.  What is the genotype of any red-flowering plant resulting from this species?
a)
red and white alleles present on one chromosome
b)
red and white alleles present on two chromosomes
c)
a red allele present on both homologous cromosomes
d)
a red allele present on at least one of two homologous chromosomes
60.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network on membranes within the cell, and it is often classified as rough or smooth, depending on whether there are ribosomes on its surface.  Which statement best describes the role rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?
a)
it stores all proteins for later use
b)
it provides an attachment site for larger organelles
c)
it aids in the production of membrane and secretory proteins
d)
it stores amino acids required for the production of all proteins
61.
Blood type is inherited through multiple alleles, including IA, IB and i.  A child has type A blood.  If the father has type AB blood, what are all the possible phenotypes of the mother?
a)
O or A
b)
A or AB
c)
A, B or AB
d)
O, A, B or AB
62.
Which type of change in chromosome composition is illustrated in the diagram?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
inversion
d)
translocation
63.
Which statement describes a cell process that is common to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
a)
both cell types carry out transcription in the nucleus
b)
both cell types use ribolsome to carry out translation
c)
both cell types assemble amino acids to carry out transcription
d)
both cell types carry out translation in the 
64.
A genetic mutation resulted in a change in the sequence of amino acids of a protein, but the function of the protein was not changed.  Which statement best describes the genetic mutation?
a)
it was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism
b)
it was a silent mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism
c)
it was a nonsense mutation thhat caused a change in the DNA of the organism
d)
it was a nonsense mution that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism
65.
Which statement is true of the diagram?
a)
DNA transcription is producing ribosomal RNA
b)
DNA translation is producing messenger RNA
c)
DNA transcription is producing messenger RNA
d)
DNA translation is producing ribosomal RNA
66.
which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the wings of an ostrich
67.
An earthquake causes an ocean channel top open and separate an island into two.  the species on each section are now in
a)
geographic isoliation
b)
behavioral isolation
c)
disruptive selection
d)
temporal isolation
68.
What kind of isolation occurs when two populations of birds have different courtship dances?
a)
geographic
b)
sexual
c)
temporal
d)
behavioral
69.
Why would a population with a large amount of genetic variation be more likely to survive a severe climate change in its environment?
a)
Individuals will only create offspring well-suited to the climate change
b)
The individuals would produce more offspring
c)
Individuals better suited to the new climate will help less-suited individuals survive
d)
Some individuals will posses traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on
70.
Which process produced the two different types of beaks in the ground finch and the tree finch?
a)
artificial selection
b)
geographical distribution
c)
natural selection
d)
disuse of the beak
71.
This type of cell does not have bound compartments.
a)
eukaryote
b)
prokaryote
72.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane.  What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move?
a)
orientation of cholestrol in the plasma membrane
b)
concentration gradient across the plasma membrane
c)
configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane
d)
location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane
73.
A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell.  The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy.  Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across of cell membrane?
a)
Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis
b)
sodium and otassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion
c)
sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis
d)
sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion and glucose moves by active transport
74.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells.  What is one way the the rough E.R. assists the Golgi apparatus?
a)
it assembles nucleic acids from monomers
b)
it breaks down old, damaged macromolecules
c)
it packages new protein molecules into vesicles
d)
it determine which protein molecules to synthesize
75.
The movement of oxygen molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as __________.
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
respiration
d)
photosynthesis
76.
Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell's...
a)
lysosomes
b)
plastids
c)
chloroplasts
d)
mitochondria

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