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Ecology

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which land biome is covered mainly with conifer trees?

a)

Tropical Rain Forest

b)

Deciduous Forest

c)

Tundra

d)

Taiga

2.

Which is the largest land biome in the world?

a)

Taiga

b)

Tundra

c)

Grassland

d)

Desert

3.

Which land biome is divided into 4 levels/layers?

a)

Deciduous Forest

b)

Tropical Rain Forest

c)

Tundra

d)

Taiga

4.

Which land biome do we live in?

a)

Grassland

b)

Tundra

c)

Deciduous Forest

d)

Taiga

5.

The following animals are common to which land biome? (anaconda, gorilla, monkey, toucan bird, red-eyed tree frog, python, jaguar, three-toed sloth, anteater, macaw bird)

a)

Deciduous Forest

b)

Tropical Rain Forest

c)

Tundra

d)

Taiga

6.

The following animals are common to which land biome?

(polar bear, walrus, arctic fox, seal, penguin, snowy owl, caribou, arctic hare, musk oxen)

a)

Tundra

b)

Taiga

c)

Temperate Forest

d)

Coniferous Forest

7.

The following animals are common to which land biome? (white-tailed deer, black bear, turkey, chipmunk, skunk, raccoon, groundhog, and squirrel)

a)

Grassland

b)

Tundra

c)

Deciduous Forest

d)

Coniferous Forest

8.

The following animals are common to which land biome? (zebra, ostrich, lion, giraffe, bison, elephant, cheetah, hyena, hippo, rhino, prairie dog, and ostrich)

a)

Desert

b)

Grassland

c)

Tundra

d)

Tropical Rain Forest

9.

The following animals are common to which land biome? (moose, elk, lynx, red deer, bobcat, mountain goat, grizzly bear, and gray wolf)

a)

Temperate Forest

b)

Tundra

c)

Deciduous Forest

d)

Taiga

10.

The following animals are common to which land biome? ( scorpion, camel, fennec fox, kangaroo rat, black widow spider, roadrunner, and jackrabbit)

a)

Desert

b)

Tundra

c)

Deciduous Forest

d)

Grassland

11.
A biome is......
a)
Like a snowglobe that you shake and can see different types of animals.
b)
A large region of earth with a certain type of climate
c)
An area of earth only found in the United States.
d)
A community of living things.
12.
Which biome is also called the "taiga"
a)
temperate deciduous forest
b)
boreal forest
c)
temperate rainforest
d)
tropical rainforest
13.

The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...

a)

Food and Water

b)

Water and Sunlight

c)

Temperature and Oxygen

d)

Precipitation and Temperature

14.
Which biome is MOST LIKE the "desert" in terms of precipitation?
a)
tropical rainforest
b)
temperate deciduous forest
c)
tundra
d)
coniferous forest
15.

The removal of which of the following groups would cause a decrease in energy flowing through the system?

a)

Producers

b)

Consumers

c)

Decomposers

d)

Inorganic nutrients

16.
Green plants are
a)
producers
b)
consumers
c)
herbivores
d)
omnivores
17.
What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
sunlight
c)
water
d)
carbon
18.
An organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)
a)
heterotroph
b)
consumer
c)
detritivore
d)
autotroph
19.
What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers?
a)
food web
b)
an ecosystem
c)
food chain
d)
a population
20.
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?
a)
energy path
b)
food web
c)
trophic level
d)
food pyramid
21.

Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit?

a)

competition

b)

mutualism

c)

nitrogen fixation

d)

energy pyramid

22.
The energy at each trophic level in the pryamid of energy decreases by a factor of ____.
a)
10
b)
1
c)
100
d)
2
23.

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected?

a)

invasive (non-native) species

b)

mutualism

c)

nitrogen fixation

d)

commensalism

24.
Members of a species in a defined area
a)
Ecosystem
b)
community
c)
biodiversity
d)
population
25.
Where an organism lives
a)
habitat
b)
niche 
c)
heterotrogh
d)
biosphere
26.
Non-living factor that affects an ecosystem
a)
biotic factor
b)
abiotic factor
c)
food chain 
d)
biome
27.
Organisms that breaks down and absorbs nutrients from dead organisms 
a)
consumer
b)
trophic level
c)
decomposer
d)
species
28.

A pond ecosystem is shown. Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem?

a)

The frogs make energy available to this ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis.

b)

The algae directly provide food for both the rotifers and the catfish.

c)

The green-backed heron provides energy for the mosquito larvae.

d)

The catfish population helps control the populations of water boatman and waterfleas.

29.
All of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an ______.
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
population
d)
ecosystem
30.
Organisms that look similar and can produce fertile offspring
a)
Species
b)
Fish
c)
Community
d)
Trees
31.
Two or more members of a particular species living and interacting in the same area
a)
Community
b)
Population
c)
Organisms
d)
Biosphere
32.
Different populations living and interacting with each other in the same area
a)
Biome
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Niche
33.
The area between the highest mountain and the deepest ocean where life can be found
a)
Biosphere
b)
Biome
c)
Farm
d)
Ecosystem
34.
Organisms that relies on other organisms for food; consumer
a)
herbivore
b)
decomposer
c)
heterotroph
d)
species
35.
What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?
a)
The insects in the habitat would increase.
b)
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
c)
The willow tree population would decrease.
d)
Foxes would dies due to no food source. 
36.
Which of the following leads to a decrease in biodiversity?
a)
protection of ecosystems
b)
pollution control
c)
selective cutting
d)
introduction of exotic or invasive species
37.
A carbon "sink" is best described as:
a)
a reservoir that readily releases carbon to another reservoir
b)
a carbon reservoir that stores more carbon that it is releasing
c)
something that causes carbon to leak out to the atmosphere
d)
a carbon reservoir that is releasing more carbon than it is taking in
38.
Nitrogen fixation processes nitrogen from which of the following sources?
a)
lightning
b)
fertilizers
c)
dead plants
d)
atmosphere
39.
Nitrogen makes up _____ percent of the atmosphere.
a)
66%
b)
78%
c)
90%
40.
In the food web shown, the snail would be considered...
a)
primary consumer
b)
secondary consumer
c)
tertiary consumer
d)
producer
41.

Why are bees considered a keystone species?

a)

The honey they make supports the bear population

b)

They pollinate flowers that produce fruit which supports the ecosystem

c)

They sting when threatened

d)

They live in hives

42.

Why are some sharks considered a keystone species?

a)

Because they are a top predator

b)

They scare off smaller fish that may overgraze an area of sea grass

c)

They are tertiary consumers

d)

They are cartilaginous

43.

If 50 crabs were captured and marked and then released and then a few days later 25 were caught and of those 5 were marked. What would the estimate of the population be?

a)

500

b)

250

c)

75

d)

200

44.

Species that are clearly critical to the functioning of an ecosystem are known as

a)

biodiversity

b)

keystone species

c)

main species

d)

native species

45.

A species that is likely to become extinct if protective measures are not taken immediately is known as

a)

threatened species

b)

endemic species

c)

keystone species

d)

endangered species

46.

An exotic species is

a)

a species that is not native to a particular region

b)

a newly discovered species in a particular region

c)

a genetically modified species in a particular region

d)

a species that is native to a particular region

47.

a species that is not native to a particular region and has no natural predators and little competition

a)

consumer species

b)

producer species

c)

invasive species

d)

adapted species

48.

An endemic species is

a)

exotic and found everywhere

b)

exotic and found only in certain regions

c)

native and found only in a limited area

d)

native and found everywhere

49.

Succession that occurs in areas that previously didn't support life, such as on rocks or ice

a)

tangential succession

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

quaternary succession

50.

A common type of succession that occurs where an event such as a forest fire has occurred, or a farmer's field has been abandoned is called

a)

common succession

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

Quaternary succession

51.
Which of the following situations is MOST HARMFUL to an ecosystem's food web or food chain?
a)
introduction of a similar producer
b)
loss of one of the top consumers
c)
increase in the population of producers
d)
disease killing the producers
52.

The graph above shows the variation in a deer population. Between 1907-1923, the natural predators were eliminated from the area by hunters. What was the most likely reason for the decline in the deer population after 1924?

a)

The deer stopped competing for resources because they had no predators.

b)

The increased number of deer led to increased competition for resources.

c)

A large number of deer left the region in search of new predators.

d)

The removal of predators caused fewer resources to be available to the deer.

53.
In a particular habitat, owls eat mice and mice eat grass. If the owl population suddenly grows, then most likely
a)
the number of mice will decrease and the amount of grass will not change.
b)
the number of mice will increase and the amount of grass will increase.
c)
the number of mice will increase and the amount of grass will not change.
d)
the number of mice will decrease and the amount of grass will increase.
54.
Deer usually travel in groups of 2-3 sometimes more. How does staying in a group increase one deer’s chance to pass on his genes to the next generation?
a)
It increases the deer’s chances of survival.
b)
It protects the deer from the cold.
c)
It allows the deer to eat.
d)
It gives the deer time to think.
55.
Which habitat exhibits the greatest biodiversity?
a)
A habitat with 15 different species with about 300 individuals each
b)
A habitat with 10 different species with about 75 individuals each
c)
A habitat with 4 different species with about 150 individuals each
d)
A habitat with only one species with about 2000 individual
56.

What is the MOST likely consequence of a fungal disease killing the grass in this WOODLAND ECOSYSTEM?

a)

Only the rabbits would be affected, because they are the ones who eat the grass.

b)

The blueberry bush would begin to grow wild, because it would have more space to grow.

c)

Nothing would happen; the animals would eat something else.

d)

The ecosystem would most likely be disrupted, because the grass is one of its primary producers

57.
Why is biodiversity so important?
a)
Because all species depend on each other to survive, so if one becomes extinct another species that relies on it could go extinct as well
b)
Because it’s better to have only one variation of each species.
c)
Because it better to only have a few species on Earth.
d)
Honestly, I have no idea what biodiversity is!
58.
What factor does NOT affect biodiversity?
a)
Urbanization
b)
Planting Native Plants
c)
Overfishing
d)
Pollution
59.
What is the name of the rate at which organisms leave a population?
a)
the rate of mutation
b)
the immigration rate
c)
the emigration rate
d)
the death rate
60.
Which of the following will increase the size of a population?
a)
emigration and births
b)
immigration and deaths
c)
immigration and births
d)
emigration and deaths
61.
Which of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor?
a)
human activities 
b)
unusual weather
c)
competition
d)
natural disaster
62.
Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?
a)
natural disaster
b)
predation
c)
disease
d)
parasitism
63.
Diseases may spread more rapidly when an area is crowded, so disease is considered to be a
a)
type I survivorship curve
b)
population crasher
c)
density-dependent limiting factor
d)
population enhancer
64.
What type of growth is shown on this graph?
a)
logistic
b)
exponential
c)
average
d)
density-independent
65.
What type of population growth is shown in the graph?  
a)
logistic growth
b)
logical growth
c)
exponential growth
d)
density-dependent growth
66.
What 2 factors decrease population size?
a)
Immigration, Births
b)
Emigration, Births
c)
Emigration, Deaths
d)
Immigration, Deaths
67.
 What is the name for this leveling off shown in the graph?
a)
logistic line
b)
carrying capacity
c)
climax point
d)
mediocre
68.

When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?

a)

Continues to grow

b)

The population starts to die off to return to carrying capcity

c)

The population will go extinct due to lack of resources

d)

The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity

69.

When a population has reached carrying capacity

a)

Births & Immigration are equal to Death & emigration

b)

Births & Immigration are less than Death & emigration

c)

Births & Immigration are greater than Death & emigration

d)

Births are exponential

70.

Estimate the carrying capacity.

a)

100 deer

b)

80 deer

c)

60 deer

d)

40 deer

71.

What does the term carrying capacity describe?

a)

The maximum number of birth rates for a population.

b)

The ability of a population to accept new immigrants.

c)

The ratio of birth rates to death rates in a population.

d)

The population size that the environment can sustain.

72.

Identify which image below is showing a population:

a)
b)
c)
d)
73.

An organisms population growth is shaped by its reproductive pattern. Which combination of traits characterizes a rapid life history pattern (r-species)?

a)

short life span, produces many offspring, small body size

b)

short life span, live in more stable environments, small body size

c)

long life span, produces many offspring, grows into adults slowly

d)

long life span, large body size, grows into adults slowly

74.
This population would be characterized as which kind of species?
a)
r-selected
b)
S-selected
c)
K-selected
d)
C-selected
75.

Which of the following results in the breakdown of the ozone layer?

a)

CFCs

b)

Acid Rain

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Nitrogen Oxides

76.

The mortality rate of organisms following a type I survivorship curve is __________.

a)

fairly constant throughout life

b)

higher in post-reproductive years

c)

lower after the organisms become established

d)

unrelated to age

77.

Animals such as pandas are long lived, mature slowly, and generally produce fewer offspring during their life spans but place a greater investment in each. What term is applied to this type of reproductive strategy?

a)

K-strategy

b)

r-strategy

78.

Which of the following is NOT an outcome of high population density?

a)

mortality increase

b)

predators tend to ignore prey that is overabundant

c)

reduction in births

d)

decreased resource availability

79.

What type of factor has an increasing impact as the population size increases?

a)

density-independent

b)

density-dependent

c)

cohort effect

d)

survivorship factor

80.

Which of the following are density dependent factors?

a)

competition for resources

b)

predation

c)

disease

d)

natural disasters

81.

Which of the following are examples of a density independent factors?

a)

forest fire

b)

seasonal cycles

c)

storms

d)

disease

82.

Factors like predation can have a positive benefit to the population of prey organisms because predators tend to keep prey populations below their ___________.

a)

carrying capacity

b)

sustainibility number

c)

exponential growth point

d)

competition level

83.

As a population of a species increases within a territory, which of the following most likely also increases?

a)

Immigration

b)

Food supply

c)

Carrying capacity

d)

Competition

84.

What point on the graph represents carrying capacity?

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

85.

At carrying capacity, a population __________.

a)

increases rapidly

b)

increases slowly

c)

decreases slowly

d)

is in dynamic equilibrium

86.

Which mathematical model most closely describes the population growth curve shown in deer population graph from the previous question?

a)

logistic growth

b)

exponential growth

87.

Which of the following populations is most likely to go extinct?

a)

a very small population in an unstable environment

b)

a moderate-sized population of r strategists

c)

a large population with lots of genetic variability

d)

all would be equally likely to go extinct

88.

What is the the closest approximation of the size of the human population today?

a)

850 million

b)

7.5 billion

c)

20.8 billion

d)

1.7 trillion

89.

If a population grows larger than its environmental carrying capacity, then

a)

death rate may rise.

b)

death rate may fall significantly.

c)

birth rate may rise significantly.

d)

immigration rate may increase.

90.

What do we call land that can be used to grow crops?

a)

under-developed land

b)

potential land

c)

arable land

d)

agricultural land

91.
To measure population density, you must divide the number of individuals living in a defined space by the
a)
area of the space
b)
birth and death rates
c)
carrying capacity
d)
height of the space
92.
Nesting birds often space themselves evenly from other nests. This pattern is called
a)
clumped dispersion.
b)
uniform dispersion.
c)
random dispersion
d)
scatter dispersion
93.
Which of the following statements about primary succession is true?
a)
It begins with a climax community
b)
Small mammals are the first to live there
c)
It begins with bare rock
d)
It begins with rock and soil
94.
Lichens and mosses that first live in uninhabited areas are examples of
a)
secondary species
b)
non-native species
c)
pioneer species
d)
climax species
95.

What do we call the capacity for population growth under ideal conditions?

a)

Intrinsic rate of increase

b)

logistic growth

c)

population growth

d)

biotic potential

96.

Most invasive species are..

a)

k-selected

b)

r-selected

c)

j-selected

97.

Survivorship curves. Typically produce few offspring that are well cared for?

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type VI

98.

Survivorship curves. R-selected species are typically..

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type VI

99.

A wide base on a age-structure diagram means..

a)

low birth rate

b)

high birth rate

c)

low death rate

d)

high death rate

100.

Birds typically have which survivorship curve?

a)

Type 1

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

Type IV

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