One pair of chromosomes having corresponding loci

Having a complete pair of chromosomes and located in body cells

Any of various compounds consisting of a nucleoside combined with a phosphate group and forming the basic constituent of DNA and RNA

Center of the cell, where chromosomes align preparing to split during metaphase

Group of four synapsed chromatids that become visible during the meiotic prophase

Combination of genes at a single loci

Inheritance of a character that differs in its expression amongst individuals of species

Marked vigor or capacity for growth often exhibited by crossbred animals; hybrid vigor

Outer covering of the a seed or fruit

Grains and by-products fed to animals

Thick yellowish digestive fluid aiding in the digestion of fats

Partially digested mass of food from the stomach which is forced into the small intestines

Glands which have no ducts and therefore release hormones into the interstitial spaces which surround the cells

Process during which food is crushed or ground by the teeth

Main source of energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Substances added to food to preserve flavor or improve taste and appearance

Food of a ruminant regurgitated to be chewed again

Needed for digestion; to form skeletal structures and in metabolic processes within the body

Interrelated steps involved in assimilating food by the animal for use in tissue repair, growth and normal function

Associated with animal feed

Multi-compartmented stomach; cattle and sheep

Vessels which carry blood away from the heart to the body tissues

Grooves holding arteries and veins in the heart

Letting air out of the lungs

Animal’s genetic composition

Abnormal, slow or difficult birth; usually because of ineffective contractions of the uterus

Mating of related individuals in which the sire and dam share at least one ancestor

Measure of how inbred an animal is (the probability two genes of a pair in an individual will be homozygous because they are replicates of a single ancestral gene)

Designed to maximize hybrid vigor and produce replacement females through the rotation of different sire breeds

System in which replacement females must be purchased from or produced in a separate population; also known as Terminal Crossbreeding System

System which differs from static crossbreeding programs because it is modified to produce replacement females

Used mostly by commercial breeders; males and females coexist throughout the breeding season or year round

Process by which semen from the male is placed into the reproductive tract of the female using mechanical means rather than by natural service

Act of giving birth

Cyclic period of sexual receptivity in mammals

Organism in its early stages of development

Yellow, progesterone-secreting mass of cells which forms from an ovarian follicle after the release of a mature egg

Examine or explore by touching

Ability to move spontaneously

Bones which make up the vertebral column and skull

Walks on four legs

Attaches bone to bone

Absorbs shock and provides flexible structure; reduces joint friction

Attached to bone, striated and voluntary

Process of chewing

Digestive disorder that is fatal in horses

True stomach

Allows milk to travel directly from the mouth to the abomasum in young ruminant animals such as calves and lambs

Which of the following is NOT a way to select parents in a breeding program?

What is the proper term for the measure of how inbred an animal is?

Which system consists of breeding purebred sires to commercial females?

Which crossbreeding system produces replacement females through the rotation and produces crossbred offspring?

In a two breed rotational crossbreeding system, which generation and sire will have a 75 percent Breed A and 25 percent Breed B?

Which of the following is NOT considered an advantage of embryo transfer?

Pen mating is mostly used by which of the following?

What is the first step in developing a breeding program?

What type of breeding system is designed to take advantage of both hybrid vigor and breeding value?

What is hybrid vigor?

Chromosomes are found in pairs. Each chromosome in a given pair is known as ______________ of the other.

Chromosomes align in the center of the cell along the ___________.

After meiosis, each gene has an equal opportunity to be present in the germ cell. This law is known as _________.

Adam is a producer and wants to develop EPDs for his herd. He keeps accurate records and needs to know which traits he should include on the EPDs. Which of the following should be included?

Larry is a producer and wants to save time when planning his artificial insemination program. He is able to control the ovulation in all his female recipients. This process is referred to as _____________.

CIDR stands for_____________.

Sarah is a swine producer and wants to incorporate a new breeding method in her operation. Which method is most commonly used in the swine industry?

Which is a technique producers use for collecting semen in cattle?

Which of the following is the first section of the small intestine?

Which of the following minerals plays an important role in DNA, RNA and protein production?

Which of the following is the main source of energy?

Which of the following is an ideal grain for starting cattle on feed?

Which of the following is affected by harvesting and handling methods?

The muscular tube which takes food from the mouth to the stomach is known as which of the following?

Carbohydrates make up what percentage of the dry weight in grass, forages and roughages?

Which of the following is the largest and first compartment of a ruminant stomach?

What type of mineral block is usually a white color?

Which of the following minerals plays an important role in DNA and RNA production?

The integrated steps involved in assimilating food by the animal for use in tissue repair, growth and normal function is??

A mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal is

For every pound of feed consumed by the animal

Pelleting, hammermilling, rollermilling and steam flaking are examples of

The composition of the feed and the manufacturers location

Which of the following is an example of a ruminant?

The nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is

The major source of energy for animals is

The cereal grain popular as a feed for horses is

What is a human's organ of prehension?

What is the cecum?

What is the chicken's true stomach?

The cecum is comparable to what human organ?

What is the function of the esophagus in ruminants?

How many stomach compartments does a ruminant have?

If a horse is overfed, the excess feed escapes into what organ?

What is another term used for proximal colon?

What structure aids milk in passing directly from the mouth to the abomasum in pre-ruminants?

How many chambers are in the heart?

The only type of artery in the body which carries deoxygenated blood is ______.

Which chamber has the thickest muscular wall?

The right lung is composed of how many lobes?

The trachea divides into two branches called the _________.

What structure helps to prevent food from entering the sinus cavity during swallowing?

Identify the waste gas removed from the blood during expiration.

The left lung is composed of how many lobes?

The peripheral nervous system includes the _________.

The central nervous system includes the _________.

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

Tendons attach _______ to _______.

Muscle contraction results in muscle fiber becoming _______.