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WorksheetsAP Bio Semester 1 Final Review
Total questions: 110
Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins
Which of the following functional groups
characterizes RNA?
A PO3 group, deoxyribose, and uracil
A PO3 group, ribose, and uracil
A PO3 group, ribose, and thymine
A PO2 group, deoxyribose, and uracil
A PO2 group, deoxyribose, and thymine
Which of the following molecules would contain
a polar covalent bond?
Cl2
NaCl
H2O
KBr
C6H12O6
Which of the following compounds would NOT
be water-soluble?
Potassium chloride
Fatty acids
Fructose
Cellulose
Hydrogen Bromide
Three terms associated with the travel of water
from the roots up through the vascular tissues of
plants are
Adhesion, cohesion and translocation
Adhesion, cohesion, and transcription
Cohesion, hybridization, and
transpiration
Cohesion, adhesion, and transpiration
Transpiration, neutralization, and
adhesion
Match the appropriate term or concept
with the phrase that best describes it.
Contain one or more double bonds
lipids
peptide bonds
alpha helix
unsaturated fatty acid
cellulose
Match the appropriate term or concept
with the phrase that best describes it.
one of the four major classes of biological
molecules that are not polymers
lipids
peptide bonds
alpha helix
unsaturated fatty acid
cellulose
Match the appropriate term or concept
with the phrase that best describes it.
linkages between the monomers of proteins
lipids
peptide bonds
alpha helix
unsaturated fatty acid
cellulose
Match the appropriate term or concept
with the phrase that best describes it.
a secondary structure of proteins
lipids
peptide bonds
alpha helix
unsaturated fatty acid
cellulose
Match the appropriate term or concept
with the phrase that best describes it.
the storage form of carbohydrates in plants
lipids
peptide bonds
alpha helix
unsaturated fatty acid
cellulose
The process by which protein conformation is
lost or broken down is
Decondensation
Deconstruction
Denaturation
Hydrolysis
Hybridization
Which of the following theories or laws states
that every energy transfer increases the amount
of entropy in the universe?
The free energy law
The first law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics
Evolutionary theory
Chaos Theory
Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by
Decreasing the free energy change of the reaction
Increasing the free energy change of the reaction
Degrading the competitive inhibitors in a reaction
Lowering the activation energy of the reaction
Raising the activation energy of the reaction
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
Describes inhibition by an enzyme that is capable of either activating or inhibiting a metabolic pathway
Allosteric inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Competitive inhibitor
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Cooperativitity
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
A reversible inhibitor that looks similar to the normal substrate and competes for the active site of the enzyme
Allosteric inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Competitive inhibitor
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Cooperativitity
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
The process by which the binding of the substrate to the enzyme triggers a favorable conformation change, which causes a similar change in all of the proteins’ subunits
Allosteric inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Competitive inhibitor
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Cooperativitity
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
The process by which a metabolic pathway is shut off by the product it produces
Allosteric inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Competitive inhibitor
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Cooperativitity
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
Binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site, causing the enzyme to change shape and be unable to bind to the substrate
Allosteric inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Competitive inhibitor
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Cooperativitity
When a water molecule loses an H+ in solution, and another water molecules accepts the proton, what is the water molecules that accepts the proton called?
A hydroxide ion
Crystal lattice structure
A solution not in equilibrium
A hydronium ion
A basic solution
A student looking through a light microscope would not be able to see any of the following cell structures EXCEPT
ribosomes
a Golgi apparatus
a nucleus
an endoplasmic reticulum
a peroxisome
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have all of the following structures in common EXCEPT
plasma membrane
protein-complexed DNA
nucleoid region
cilia
cytoplasm
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
An organelle that is characterized by extensive, folded membranes, and is often associated with ribosomes.
peroxisome
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
An organelle with a cis and trans face, which acts as the packaging and secreting center of the cell.
peroxisome
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
The sites of cell respiration.
peroxisome
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
Single-membrane structures I the cell that perform many metabolic functions and produce hydrogen peroxide.
peroxisome
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Match the appropriate term or concept with the phrase that best describes it.
Large membrane-bound structures that contain hydrolytic enzymes and that exist only in animal cells.
peroxisome
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Which of the following molecules is a typical component of the animal cell membrane?
Starch
Glucose
nucleic acid
carbohydrates
Vitamin K
Which of the following is an example of passive transport across the cell membrane?
The travel of an action potential down a muscle cell.
The uptake of nutrients by the microvilli of cells lining the stomach.
The movement of insulin across the cell membrane.
The movement of carbon dioxide across the cell membrane.
The selective uptake of hormones across the cell membrane.
Large molecules are moved out of the cell by which of the following processes?
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
cytokinesis
exocytosis
The purpose of cell respiration in a eukaryotic cell is to
synthesize carbohydrates from CO2
synthesize fats and proteins from CO2
break down carbohydrates to provide energy to provide energy for the cell in the form of ATP
break down carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell in the form of ADP
provide oxygen to the cell.
The net result of glycolysis is
4 ATP and 4 NADH
4 ATP and 2 NADH
2 ATP and 4 NADH
2 ATP and 2 NADH
4 ATP and 8 NADH
In the course of the Krebs cycle, how many molecules
of ATP are produced?
1
2
3
4
5
The process that produces the largest amount of ATP during respiration is
glycolysis
fermentation
the Krebs cycle
the electron transport chain
chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation
The process by which a hydrogen gradient is used to create ATP
Chemiosmosis
Electron transport chain
The Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Fermentation
The process that makes a small amount of ATP and can produce lactic acid as a by product
Chemiosmosis
Electron transport chain
The Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Fermentation
A series of membrane embedded electron carriers that ultimately create the hydrogen ion gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP
Chemiosmosis
Electron transport chain
The Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Fermentation
The process by which the breakdown of glucose is completed and CO2 is produced
Chemiosmosis
Electron transport chain
The Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Muscle fatigue is caused when the process of fermentation in oxygen-depleted cells produces which of the following?
ADP
Ethanol
Lactate
Uric acid
Pyruvate
Groups of photosynthetic pigment molecules situated in the thylakoid membrane are called:
photosystems
carotenoids
chlorophyll
granna
CAM plants
The reactions of the Calvin cycle are also known as the dark reactions because these reactions
occur in plants only at night
occur in dark-staining cells of plant leaves
must absorb black light from the spectrum in order to proceed
do not require light in order to proceed
take place only during the day
The major product of the Calvin cycle is
rubisco
oxaloacetate
ribulose bisphophate
pryruvate
glyceraldehydes-3-phaosphate
All of the following statements about photosynthesis are true EXCEPT
the light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH
the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar
photosystem I contains P700 chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction center; photosystem II contains P680 molecules.
in chemiosmosis, electron transport chains pump protons (H+) across a membrane from a region of high H+ concentration to a region of low H+ concentration
the steps of the Calvin cycle are sometimes referred to as the dark reactions, because they do not require light in order to take place
The accumulation of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere began _____
with the origin of life and respiratory metabolism
with the origin of cyanobacteria that had both photosystem I and photosystem II
with the origin of photosynthetic bacteria that had photosystem I
with the origin of land plants
A molecule that has been phosphorylated
has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work
has an increased chemical potential energy; it is primed to do cellular work.
has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate.
has less energy than before its phosphorylation and therefore less energy for cellular work.
A student does an experiment to measure the rate of photosynthesis of spinach leaf disks. She decides to compare different colors of water to see if they affect the rate. Which color would you expect to have the highest rate of photosynthesis based on your knowledge of light and photosynthesis?
Green
Red
Blue
Clear
The graph shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Based on the information in the graph, which wavelengths lead to the least absorbance?
400-500
600-700
500-600
700-750
Which wavelength of light in the figure is most effective for absorbance of chlorophyll a?
400 nm
450 nm
600 nm
675 nm
During photosynthesis, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?
food → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen
water → photosystem II → electron transport chain → NADPH
glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen
light → electron transport chain → chlorophyll --> ATP
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain used in photosynthesis located?
thylakoid membrane
granna
chloroplast outer membrane
stroma
To test the hypothesis that a particular plant synthesizes storage lipids by using G3P from photosynthesis, a researcher plans to use radiolabeled precursors to track the molecules through the biosynthetic pathway. Which of the following radiolabeled precursors is most appropriate for the research to use?
15Nitrogen-labeled N2, because atmosphere nitrogen is fixed to amino acids by photosynthesis.
35Sulfur-labeled methionine, because amino acids are incorporated into lipids during photosynthesis.
14Carbon-labeled CO2, because atmosphere carbon is fixed to carbohydrates by photosynthesis.
32Phosphorous-labeled phosphate, because lipids are stored in plants as phospholipids.
The function of the plasma membrane is....
to regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
provide rigid support and protection to the cell.
fight bacteria and viruses that enter the cell.
make sure each cell can move
A phospholipid has 2 parts. What are they called?
Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophobic Tail
Hydrophobic Head, Hydrophilic Tail
Hydrophallic Head, Hydrophilic Tail
Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophallic Tail
Hydrophobic region of the cell membrane?
A
B
C
D
E
Hydrophilic region of the cell membrane?
A
B
C
D
E
What do the brown structures represent?
Phospholipids
Channel Proteins
Glycoproteins
Cyctoskeleton Filaments
What molecule plays and important role in controlling cell membrane fluidity?
Insulin
Triglyceride
Testosterone
Cholesterol
Which term BEST matches the definition below:
Nuclear membrane begins to reform, DNA unwinds from histones
Telophase
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prometaphase
Anaphase
Which term BEST matches the definition below:
Division of the cytoplasm of the cell.
Telophase
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prometaphase
Anaphase
Which term BEST matches the definition below:
Sister chromatids begin to separate
Telophase
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prometaphase
Anaphase
Which term BEST matches the definition below:
The genetic material of the cell replicates to prepare for cell division
Telophase
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prometaphase
Anaphase
Which term BEST matches the definition below:
Microtubules begin to attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids
Telophase
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prometaphase
Anaphase
The figure at above shows a cell in what stage of mitosis?
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
After which of the following checkpoints in the cell cycle is the cell fated to divide?
G2 phase checkpoint
M phase checkpoint
Interphase checkpoint
G1 phase checkpoint
MPF checkpoint
A couple has 6 children, all daughters. If the woman has a seventh child, what is the probability that the seventh child will be a daughter?
6/7
1/7
1/36
1/49
1/2
All of the following are true of the process of mitosis EXCEPT
during prometaphse, spindle microtubles come into contact with chromosomes
the chromosome number in the newly formed cells is half that of the parent cell
the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate, or equator of the cell
the cytoplasm of the cell and all its organelles are divided approximately in half
in anaphase, the sister chromatids travel to opposite ends of the cell
In most organisms, reproduction occurs sexually; two parents are involved and genetic recombination occurs. However, some organisms reproduce asexually, and only one parent contributes genetic material. Which of the following organisms reproduce asexually?
Annelids
Arthropods
Hydra
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
All of the following nitrogenous bases are included in DNA EXCEPT
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
A mobile segment of DNA that travels from one location on a chromosome to another, one element of genetic change.
transcription
translation
transposon
DNA methylation
Histone acetylation
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
The addition of methyl groups to certain bases of DNA after DNA synthesis, this is thought to be an important control mechanism for gene expression.
transcription
translation
transposon
DNA methylation
Histone acetylation
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
The synthesis of polypeptides from the genetic information coded in mRNA.
transcription
translation
transposon
DNA methylation
Histone acetylation
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
transcription
translation
transposon
DNA methylation
Histone acetylation
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
The attachment of acetyl groups to particular amino acids of histone proteins, this is thought to be an important control mechanism for gene expression.
transcription
translation
transposon
DNA methylation
Histone acetylation
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
An example of a post-transcriptional modification
tRNA
mRNA
poly-A-tail
RNA Polymerase
rRNA
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
Binds to the promoter on DNA to initiate transcription
tRNA
mRNA
poly-A-tail
RNA Polymerase
rRNA
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
Along with proteins, comprise ribosomes
tRNA
mRNA
poly-A-tail
RNA Polymerase
rRNA
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
Loosely binds to free amino acids in the cytoplasm
tRNA
mRNA
poly-A-tail
RNA Polymerase
rRNA
Which term BEST fits the definition below:
Travels out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to participate in translation
tRNA
mRNA
poly-A-tail
RNA Polymerase
rRNA
The actions of which of the following enzymes are responsible for ensuring that chromosomes do not decrease in length with every round of replication?
Telomerase
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Primase
At the end of DNA replication, each of the daughter molecules has one old strand, derived from the parent strand of DNA, and one strand that is newly synthesized. This explains why DNA replication is described as
conservative
largely conservative
nonconservative
semiconservative
unconservative
During photosynthesis
light reactions produce sugar, while the Calvin cycle produces O2
light reactions produce NADPH and ATP, while the Calvin cycle produces sugar.
light reactions photophosphorylate ADP, while the Calvin cycle produces ATP.
the Calvin cycle produces both sugar and O2.
To learn about airborne bacteria, students leave four open Petri dishes filled with agar sitting on a table. At the end of the day, the dishes are covered and then incubated at 38ºC for several days. The most important reason to wear latex gloves when handling the Petri dishes is to keep from –
spreading bacteria to other Petri dishes in the lab area
being poisoned by the agar in the Petri dishes
contaminating the Petri dishes with skin-borne bacteria
exposing the nutrient agar to oils that could denature the agar
The image below shows a polymer of glucose molecules. What type of macromolecule is this?
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Which material should be disposed of after a lab, rather than being reused or recycled?
broken test tube that had held salt water
cotton swab used to collect cheek cells
scalpel used to dissect plant specimens
large, open bottle of rubbing alcohol
Science has limitations, because -
it can only explain things that are scientifically testable.
some experiments can’t be repeated and therefore should be disregarded.
it can only make decisions regarding moral judgments that some people might struggle with.
decisions about what is actual science information is difficult to determine.
Which statement best describes a testable hypothesis?
It is an assumption which includes a value judgment by the experimenter.
It is an expression of a relationship between observable and measurable variables.
It is a statement that has no basis for comparison.
It is a general explanation based on large amounts of collected data.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding scientific theories such as the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?
I.Scientific theories are well established and reliable.
II.Scientific theories have been examined by multiple researchers.
III.Scientific theories are subject to change when new evidence is
inconsistent with or cannot be explained by current theory.
IV.Scientific theories have changed over time.
I & II
II only
II & III
I, II, III, & IV
IV only
Which of these statements is a theory?
The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
All living things are composed of at least one cell, and the cell is the fundamental unit of function in all organisms.
Cell phones, due to the electromagnetic radiation they emit, may cause brain cancer.
Eye color is genetically determined.
The main structural component of the plasma membrane.
cholesterol
phospholipid
protein
nucleic acids
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it difficult to manufacture __.
DNA
proteins
fatty acids
sucrose
What does A represent?
enzyme
allosteric site
active site
substrate
What does C represent?
enzyme
allosteric site
active site
substrate
What is happening at point B?
the enzyme is denatured
the substrate is used up
the enzyme is saturated
the reaction is occurring at its fastest rate
Four elements make up more than 96% of the human body. These include all of the following except __.
Carbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Phosphorus
Cells within this gland secrete a hormone that in times of emergency, increase the glucose level of the blood and speeds up the actions of the circulatory and respiratory systems.
adrenal
thyroid
pancreas
anterior pituitary
Which of the following are products of the light reaction?
ATP and NADH
oxygen and NADPH
glucose and oxygen
carbon dioxide and water
This image is of what type of macromolecule?
lipid
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
Which type of macromolecule is used for long term energy storage?
Which of the following is considered fully saturated?
Which of the following is considered MOSTLY NONPOLAR?
How many amino acids are featured here?
1
2
3
4
5
Meat is considered to contain the highest of which macromolecule?
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Lugol's reagent tests for the presence of starches. Which type of macromolecule does it test for?
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Which monomer is correctly matched with the type of bond that holds them together?
lipid: carbohydrate covalent bonds
monosaccharide: hydrogen and phosphodiester bonds
nucleotide: ester linkages
amino acids: peptide bonds
Which functional group is NOT pictured in the image?
phosphate
amine
hydroxyl
carboxylic acid
Which of the following statements is true?
In order to create a polymer, a water is removed.
In order to create a polymer, hydrolysis must occur.
In order to create a polymer, a water is added.
In order to create a polymer, oxygen must be present.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.
homozygous
homologous
asexual
genes
Which of the following factors does NOT determine the speed of diffusion?
Temperature
pH
Diameter
Concentration Gradients
The cell that is pictured here in is what type of solution?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hydrotonic
What type of protein is labeled C?
Peripheral protein
Channel protein
Integral protein
Cholesterol
Which of the following statements correctly matches a cell part with its function
The cell membrane packages lipids for export
The lysosome digests molecules
The mitochondria perform photosynthesis
The nucleus produces energy
Keratin is a protein found in hair. Where in a cell is keratin made?
Nucleus
Golgi body
Smooth ER
Ribosome
