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A&P101 Final Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The cavity that contains the lungs and heart is
a)
pelvic
b)
abdominal
c)
thoracic
d)
spinal
2.
The muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities is the 
a)
diaphragm
b)
plantar fascia
c)
oblique
d)
deltoid
3.

Towards the head or above.

a)

Superior

b)

Proximal

c)

Inferior

d)

Medial

4.

Net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

a)

Negative feedback

b)

Homeostasis

c)

Positive feedback

d)

Physiology

5.

A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body.

a)

Anatomy

b)

Homeostasis

c)

Physiology

d)

Feedback

6.

Study of the function of the body.

a)

Anatomy

b)

Physiology

c)

Homeostasis

d)

Functionality

7.

Study of the structures of the body

a)

Anatomy

b)

Physiology

c)

Homeostasis

d)

Feedback mechanism

8.

A group of similar cells.

a)

Organelles

b)

Tissues

c)

Organs

d)

Cell groups

9.

A part of the body formed of two or more tissues and adapted to carry out a specific function.

a)

Organ

b)

Organelle

c)

Organ system

d)

Organism

10.

What does a represent?

a)

Proton

b)

Neutron

c)

Electron

11.

a charged atom

a)

neutral

b)

isotope

c)

ion

d)

nucleus

12.

Macromolecule that is made up of repeated structure called monomers

a)

protein

b)

amino acids

c)

polymer

13.
The four organic compounds found in living things are?
a)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Oxygen
b)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Carbon
c)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbon, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
14.
What is an organic Compound?
a)
a group of molecules that contain calcium
b)
A group of molecules that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds
c)
A group of molecules that contain carbon
d)
A group of molecules that contain water
15.
Function: Build organelles, build body parts, and helps with body defense
a)
Proteins
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Lipids
16.
Function: store long term energy
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Proteins
17.
Function: cells use to get and store energy
a)
Lipids
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
18.
What is a carbohydrate?
a)
A biological polymer that stores and transmits genetic information
b)
a group of organic molecules that includes sugars, starches , and glucose
c)
An oil used for your car
d)
hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds
19.
Which biomolecule is also known as enzymes?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Nucleic Acid
d)
Protein
20.
What is the pH level of an acid?
a)
7.1-14
b)
14-21
c)
0-6.9
d)
7
21.
A solution that keeps pH from changing.
a)
glucose
b)
carbohydrate
c)
monomer
d)
Buffer
22.
All cells must have a
a)
cell wall
b)
cell membrane
c)
nucleus
d)
nucleoli
23.
Respiration is the process in which organisms break down food to release ______.
a)
Energy
b)
Nutrients
c)
Sugar
d)
Oxygen
24.

The diagram is an example of ______.

a)

Exocytosis

b)

Active transport

c)

Osmosis

d)

Equilibrium

25.
The passive transport of water through a membrane is ______.
a)
Osmosis
b)
Fermentation
c)
Equilibrium
d)
Active transport
26.
What is an isotonic solution?
a)
When solutions are in equilibrium 
b)
When the solution has more solute 
c)
When the solution has less solute 
d)
Has a greater pressure 
27.
What organelle of the cell produces energy?
a)
Mitochondria 
b)
Golgi Body 
c)
Vesicle 
d)
Vacuole 
28.
Stem cells are
a)
cells that grow uncontrollably
b)
undifferentiated and can be any type of cell
c)
never go through cell division
d)
only found in embryos
29.
What process best explains how muscle cells and nerve cells can develop from the same fertilized egg?
a)
genetic engineering
b)
survival of the fittest
c)
differentiation
d)
selective breeding
30.
an organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic retiulum packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell
a)
vacuole
b)
chloroplast 
c)
ribosome
d)
golgi apparatus
31.
DNA is replicated during the ______ phase of the cell cycle.
a)
G1
b)
Synthesis
c)
G2
d)
G0
32.
Movement of materials through a vesicle into the cell that requires energy is 
a)
exocytosis
b)
endocytosis 
c)
osmosis 
d)
simple diffusion 
33.
a small grain shaped organelle found in the cytoplasm of a cell or on the R-ER that produced proteins
a)
cytoplasm
b)
ribosome
c)
cell membrane
d)
mitochondria
34.

What are the four types of tissues in the human body? (Select all that apply)

a)

Epithelial

b)

Connective

c)

Muscle

d)

Nervous

35.

Identify the type of epithelial tissue from the picture above.

a)

Simple squamous

b)

Simple cuboidal

c)

Stratified columnar

d)

Stratified cuboidal

36.

What is histology?

a)

Study of organs

b)

Study of different types of tissue

c)

Study of histamines

d)

Study of skin

37.

What is the most abundant type of tissue in the human body?

a)

Nervous

b)

Muscle

c)

Connective

d)

Epithelial

38.

Which of the following epithelial tissues allows materials to pass through diffusion, like in the lungs?

a)

stratified squamous

b)

simple cuboidal

c)

simple columnar

d)

simple squamous

39.
What type of epithelium is this:
a)
Simple Columnar
b)
Simple Squamous
c)
Stratified Squamous
d)
Pseudostratified Columnar 
40.
Which type of membrane is found around joints? 
a)
Serous
b)
Mucous
c)
Synovial
d)
Cutaneous 
41.

Which of the tissues is made up of cells that conduct electrical impulses?

a)

Epithelial

b)

Connective

c)

Muscular

d)

Neural

42.

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to _____.

a)

fat

b)

bone

c)

blood

d)

lymph

43.
Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?
a)
Bone
b)
Cartilage
c)
Skin
d)
Blood
44.
Found in the vertebra this type of connective tissue contains many elastic (yellow) fibers
a)
Hyaline
b)
Elastic
c)
Dense
d)
Reticular
45.
A major function of skin is protection from:
a)
Abrasion
b)
UV light 
c)
Entry of microorganisms
d)
All of the above 
46.
Which is NOT a function of the skin?
a)
Insulation
b)
Movement
c)
Excretion
d)
Vitamin D Production
47.
This gland releases an oil known as sebum.
a)
Sebacious gland
b)
Apocrine Gland
c)
Eccrine Gland
d)
All of the above
48.
What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?
a)
To secrete sebum
b)
To produce keratin
c)
To make hairs stand on end
d)
None of these
49.
Skin color is due to a pigment called
a)
Keratin
b)
Melanin
c)
Chromatin
d)
Epithelium
50.
The sweat gland that produces "stinky" sweat is the 
a)
Apocrine gland
b)
Eccrine gland
c)
Sudoriferous gland
d)
Sebaceous gland
51.
The protein that makes us "waterproof" is called
a)
keratin
b)
melanin
c)
carotene
d)
mucus
52.

Which of the following are functions of the bones?

a)

Support and Protection

b)

Attachment to the muscles

c)

Stores inorganic salts

d)

All of the above

53.

Articular cartilage is found in what part of the long bone?

a)

inside of the medullary cavity

b)

on the outer surface of the diaphysis

c)

the outer surface of the epiphyses

d)

in the spaces of the spongy bone

54.

Which bone is composed of trabeculae?

a)

spongy

b)

cartilage

c)

compact

d)

articulate

55.

The function of Osteoclasts is

a)

To breakdown calcified matrix of bone

b)

Secrete acids that dissolve the inorganic component of calcified matrix

c)

Phagocytize components of the bony matrix

d)

All the above

56.

Secondary ossification centers appears in

a)

Epiphyses

b)

Diaphysis

c)

Epiphyseal plate

d)

Endosteum

57.

The function of Red Marrow is to?

a)

Form red blood cells

b)

Formation of fats

c)

Formation of WBC

d)

Formation of platelets

58.

The joints that allow the most movement are called

a)

Fixed

b)

Fibrous

c)

Cartilaginous

d)

Synovial

59.

The point at which the nerve cell reaches the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber is the _____.

a)

Neurotransmitter

b)

Acetylcholine

c)

Synaptic cleft

d)

Neuromuscular Junction

60.

What is the specific neurotransmitter that stimulates the movement of skeletal muscles?

a)

GABA

b)

Acetylcholine

c)

Serotonin

d)

Dopamine

61.

Once calcium is pumped into the axon terminal what happens?

a)

The muscle contracts

b)

ACh is released into the synaptic cleft.

c)

Sodium pumps into the sarcolemma.

d)

The muscle contracts.

62.

What is the name of the component that houses the neurotransmitters?

a)

Synaptic cleft

b)

Acetylcholine

c)

Receptors

d)

Synaptic vesicles

63.
Thick filaments are in a myofibril are
a)
ATPase
b)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
c)
Actin
d)
Myosin
64.
Thin filaments in a myofibril are
a)
Sarcomeres
b)
Sarcoplasm
c)
Actin
d)
Myosin
65.
What two chemicals are necessary for muscle contraction to occur?
a)
Niacin and Potassium
b)
Calcium and ATP
c)
Sodium and Potassium
d)
Ach and Potassium
66.
The energy needed to perform a muscle contraction comes directly from
a)
ATP
b)
Oxygen
c)
Glucose
d)
Calcium
67.

One neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is the ____ ___.

a)

Neurotransmitter

b)

Neuromuscular junction

c)

Motor unit

d)

Synaptic cleft

68.
Which muscles are involuntary?
a)
skeletal
b)
cardiac
c)
smooth
d)
smooth and cardiac
69.

The expression "feel the burn" means that a person exercising is goes through...

a)

lactic acid formation

b)

alcoholic fermentation

c)

photosynthesis

d)

aerobic respiration

70.
enzyme that breaks down the muscle cell neurotransmitter and ends the impulse
a)
lactase
b)
sucrase
c)
lipase
d)
acetylcholinterase
71.

Neuroglial cells that form the fatty myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS are ___________ in the PNS are ________________?

a)

ganglia and oligodendroglia

b)

astrocytes and schwann cells

c)

schwann cells and oligodendroglia

d)

oligodendroglia and schwann cells

72.

Type of neuron that perceive information about your environment.

a)

Motor Neuron

b)

Interneuron

c)

Sensory Neuron

73.

Type of neuron that sends nerve impulses to muscles and gland, by the command of other neurons.

a)

Motor Neurons

b)

Interneurons

c)

Sensory Neurons

74.

Which of the following is the function of the somatic nervous system?

a)

controls the cardiac muscles and smooth muscles as well as internal organs

b)

stimulates skeletal muscles for movement

c)

makes the connections between the eyes and the brain

d)

stimulates the ears for better hearing

75.

These are support cells for the neurons in the CNS. while there are 4 types of them, they are commonly called -

a)

mylean sheaths

b)

schwann cels

c)

dendrites

d)

neuroglia

76.
White matter is ________ and Grey matter is ________
a)
myelinated; phosphorylated
b)
unmyelinated; myelinated
c)
myelinated; unmyelinated
d)
phosphorylated; myelinated
77.
The ____ nervous system controls unconscious activities.
a)
somatic
b)
sympathetic
c)
parasympathetic
d)
autonomic
78.
What number(s) on the graph represents the Resting Potential?
a)
1 and 2
b)
1 and 5
c)
2 and 3
d)
3 and 4
79.
Label the Neuron-What does the letter "G"
represent?
a)
Axon Terminal
b)
Node of Ranvier
c)
Nucleus
d)
Myelin Sheath
80.
Which part of the brain controls balance and body position?
a)
cerebrum
b)
medulla
c)
cerebellum
d)
impluses
81.
These parts of the brain are MOST important for maintaining homeostasis.
a)
cerebellum and frontal lobe
b)
hypothalamus and brain stem
c)
brain stem only
d)
cerebellum and hypothalamus
82.

A nerve impulse is conducted rapidly along a myelinated nerve fiber by

a)

saltatory conduction

b)

nervous transmission

c)

repolarization

d)

electrical conduction

83.

The main control center for autonomic functions and endocrine gland activity is the

a)

thalamus

b)

cerebrum

c)

hypothalamus

d)

cerebellum

84.

The electrical charge in a neuron is known as a nerve impulse, or _____.

a)

all-or-none potential

b)

refractory period

c)

saltatory conduction

d)

action potential

85.
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the:
a)
Autonomic Nervous System
b)
Voluntary Nervous System
c)
Central Nervous System
d)
Peripheral Nervous System
86.

Neuroglia that produce myelin on axons in the peripheral nerves are

a)

schwann cells

b)

astrocytes

c)

oligodendrocytes

d)

microglia

87.
The Medulla Obolongata controls our ___.
a)
Blood Pressure 
b)
Muscle Memory 
c)
Pain reaction
d)
Memory 
88.
what controls your heart rate ?
a)
motor stip
b)
sensory strip
c)
cerebellum
d)
brainstem
89.
The cerebral cortex is made of
a)
white matter
b)
gray matter
c)
pink goo
90.

The innermost layer of meninges that supplies blood vessels to the brain

a)

pia mater

b)

dura mater

c)

arachnoid mater

91.
The fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
a)
pia mater
b)
CSF
c)
lymph 
d)
tissue fluid
92.
The "fight or flight" response during threatening situations in the role of the:
a)
sympathetic nervous system
b)
parasympathetic system
c)
somatic nervous system
d)
cerebellum
93.
The _____part of the autonomic nervous system is active during resting.
a)
sympathetic
b)
parasympathetic
c)
somatic
d)
peripheral
94.

When the spinal cord responds in an emergency to a stimulus before the brain, this is called a...

a)

response

b)

synapse

c)

cerebral response

d)

reflex

95.

What is the membrane's resting potential?

a)

-70 mV

b)

-60 mV

c)

-55 mV

d)

40 mV

96.
Why is -55 mV a significant number?
a)
This is the largest charge achieved during an action potential
b)
This is the threshold required to complete an action potential
c)
This is the resting charge of a neuron
d)
This is the charge when all the sodium is inside the cell
97.

In humans, the number of spinal nerves is

a)

12 pairs

b)

31 pairs

c)

33 pairs

d)

11 pairs

98.

The thalamus and hypothalamus are located in the

a)

cerebrum

b)

cerebellum

c)

diencephalon

d)

medulla oblongata

99.

This major excitatory neurotransmitter controls alertness and arousal, is essential to the functioning of the Sympathetic Nervous System.

a)

Dopamine

b)

Endorphins

c)

Norepinephrine

d)

Acetylcholine

100.

Mediates emotional response and is involved in memory processing.

a)

Limbic system

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

thalamus

d)

Cerebellum

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