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Semester 1 Exam Marine Study guide

Total questions: 95

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Also called the manipulated variable, it is the one thing the scientist purposely changes to test what will happen:

a)

independent variable

b)

controlled variable

c)

dependent variable

d)

induction variable

2.

This responds to the test variable...

a)

dependent variable

b)

independent variable

c)

control

d)

data

3.

The factors that might influence or affect outcomes in an experiment, and the scientist decides to keep the same, or constant:

a)

data

b)

conclusions

c)

controls

d)

observations

4.

The set of procedures that scientists use to learn about the world is called the...

a)

scientific theory

b)

scientific method

c)

scientific materials

d)

scientific experiment

5.

Reasoning from specific observations to a general conclusion, for example stating that if sailfish, sharks, and tuna are all fish (specific), then all fish must have gills (general).

a)

induction

b)

deduction

c)

subjunctive

d)

introspection

6.

Reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions: such as stating that if all fish have gills (general), then sharks must have gills (specific).

a)

introduction

b)

induction

c)

deduction

d)

reduction

7.

Based on repeated experiments and observations, this PREDICTS a range of natural phenomena.

a)

scientific method

b)

scientific theory

c)

scientific experimentation

d)

scientific law

8.

When a hypothesis has passed all testing and is supported by overwhelming evidence, it EXPLAINS why a natural phenomenon occurs. This is a comprehensive EXPLANATION of our observations of how the world works.

a)

scientific method

b)

conclusion

c)

scientific theory

d)

scientific law

9.

How much of the Earth is covered by oceans?

a)

85%

b)

70%

c)

75%

d)

90%

10.

What was one of the discoveries in Marine Science in the 20th Century?

a)

Magnetic Compass

b)

Waterproofing for ships

c)

Navigation techniques

d)

Submersibles

11.

An untethered robot used to explore underwater locations

a)

bathysphere

b)

Remote Operated Vehicle

c)

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

d)

Bathyscape

12.

True of False: The temperature of the ocean water decreases as the depth of the water increases

a)

True

b)

False

13.

Science is

a)

a body of knowledge

b)

static and unchanging

c)

an organized method

d)

both A and C

14.

As water teperature increases, what happens to dissolved oxygen levels

a)

increase

b)

stay the same

c)

decrease

d)

flucuate

15.

Wipe out all life on land and life would still exist in the ocean. Wipe out all life in the sea and nothing would be left on land.”

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Choose the best physical characteristics of water

a)

segment, temperature,turbity

b)

color, density,depth

c)

pressure , currents,salinity

d)

saltiness,measurement,motion

17.

What is the first step in the Scientific Method?

a)

Form a Hypothesis

b)

Design an Experiment

c)

Identify a Problem

d)

Gather Information

18.

Which of the following questions could be tested using the scientific method?


(HINT: Which one could you actually design a hypothesis and experiment for?)

a)

Which color is the prettiest?

b)

What day of the week is best for rain?

c)

Where are the scariest caves?

d)

How does sunlight affect plant growth?

19.

Which of the following variables are YOU in control of changing?

a)

Independent Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

c)

Constants

d)

Facts

20.

What is the definition of a Hypothesis?

a)

An educated guess

b)

An uneducated guess

c)

A testable explanation to a question

d)

Wishful thinking

21.

What information is true about the Y axis in this graph?

Read your choices carefully before you pick an answer!

a)

The Y axis is the dependent variable - pressure

b)

The Y axis is the independent variable - pressure

c)

The Y axis is the dependent variable - volume

d)

The Y axis is the independent variable - volume

22.

Why was the aqualung such an important invention?

a)

It allowed scientists to stay under water for longer periods of time

b)

It looked really cool

c)

It has neat name

d)

It allowed scientists to swim with the fishes

23.

Peyton wants to see if the salinity of water affects the population numbers of anchovies in a local body of water.

What would be the INDEPENDENT variable in his experiment?

a)

Biomass of aquatic plants

b)

Level of salinity in a given area

c)

Water temperature

d)

Total number of fish observed

24.

Peyton wants to see if the salinity of water affects the population numbers of anchovies in a local body of water.

What would be the DEPENDENT variable in his experiment?

a)

Biomass of aquatic plants

b)

Level of salinity in a given area

c)

Water temperature

d)

Total number of fish observed

25.

Peyton wants to see if the salinity of water affects the population numbers of anchovies in a local body of water.

What type of data should he collect?

a)

Quantitative Data

b)

Qualitative Data

c)

Funky Fish Facts

26.

Based on the graph, which year had the Lowest Total Population of Deer?

a)

1920

b)

1812

c)

1492

d)

1776

27.

The _______ colored water is the least dense in this graduated cylinder.

a)

purple

b)

blue

c)

green

d)

red

28.

The flow of water around an ocean basin is called...

a)

an Ekman Spiral

b)

an eddy

c)

a gyre

d)

a current

29.

What kind of wave is this? (Hint: this picture was taken from a ship at sea!)

a)

rogue wave

b)

spilling breaker

c)

whitecap

d)

tsunami

30.

Which wave has the lowest frequency?

a)

Red

b)

Blue

c)

Green

31.

What force drive surface currents?

a)

water temperature

b)

water salinity

c)

ships sailing across

d)

wind friction

32.

An increases in acidity represents what kind of change in pH?

a)

Increase

b)

Decrease

c)

None

33.

What is another term for the study of Marine Science?

a)

Meteorology

b)

Oceanography

c)

Astronomy

d)

Geology

34.

Which of the following are reasons scientists share the results of their scientific experiments.

a)

To alert scientists to new developments.

b)

To encourage repeat experiments for validation or disproof.

c)

To contribute to a developing theory.

d)

All of the above

35.

True or False: Theories can change over time

a)

True

b)

False

36.

True or False: When proven again and again over time, scientific theories will eventually become laws.

a)

True

b)

False

37.

A nonliving element in an ecosystem is a/an ---

a)

biotic factor.

b)

abiotic factor.

38.

All living things or organisms in an ecosystem are

a)

None

b)

biotic factors

c)

abiotic factors

39.

Which is an example of a biotic factor in an ocean?

a)

water

b)

starfish

c)

waves

d)

sand

40.

What are tiny organisms that float near the surface of the water?

a)

plankton

b)

organisms

c)

abiotic factor

d)

insects

41.

True of False: The temperature of the ocean water decreases as the depth of the water increases.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

Salinity is described as -

a)

The plant life of in the ocean

b)

The variety of organisms in the ocean

c)

The pH of the ocean

d)

The saltiness of the ocean

43.

What is the term that means the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough in a wave?

(a)  

44.

A tsunami can be caused by

a)

landslides.

b)

earthquakes.

c)

volcanoes.

d)

All of the above.

45.

The _______ is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.

a)

period

b)

trough

c)

wavelength

d)

amplitude

46.

The speed of shallow water waves depends on:

a)

surface tension

b)

temperature

c)

depth

d)

wavelength

47.

When can waves be refracted?

a)

when they move from deep to shallow water

b)

when they move from shallow to deep water

c)

when they move from north to south

d)

when they move from south to north

48.

This technology uses sound wave reflections to see what is beneath the water (like the ocean floor!)

a)

ROVs

b)

AUVs

c)

Scuba

d)

Sonar

49.

This technology is cost effective, portable, and allows for human interaction with the ocean...but it can only go about 100-200 meters below the ocean's surface

a)

ROVs

b)

AUVs

c)

Scuba

d)

Submersible

50.

This technology is very expensive, but allows humans to safely travel to very deep depths of the ocean

a)

ROVs

b)

AUVs

c)

Scuba

d)

Submersible

51.

Why does water attract so many other kinds of molecules?

a)

It has no charge

b)

It is positively charged

c)

It is negatively charged

d)

It is both positively and negatively charged

52.

Heat capacity refers to the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by

a)

1 degree

b)

5 degrees

c)

10 degrees

d)

20 degrees

53.

An ecosystem includes all of the following EXCEPT:

a)

microscopic organisms

b)

the organisms that are predators

c)

the environment in which organisms live

d)

organisms that live in similar environments in other regions

54.

Secondary succession is often found in which of the following?

a)

estuaries

b)

tide pools

c)

coral reefs

d)

low-tide zones

55.

All of the following could cause diffraction of a wave EXCEPT:

a)

a large ship

b)

another wave

c)

a small island

d)

a protruding rock

56.

Why is the field of Marine Biology important?

a)

The ocean supplies a lot of food

b)

Lots of medicines come from the ocean

c)

Marine organisms can help predict the affect of human activities

d)

All answers are correct

57.

Oceanography is the study of:

a)

geological properties of the ocean (sea floor, volcanoes, trenches)

b)

chemical properties of the ocean (density, temperature, pressure)

c)

Both answers are correct

58.
The fact that ice floats on liquid water is due to the fact that water's solid is ___________ than it's liquid form
a)
less polar
b)
more polar
c)
less dense
d)
more dense
59.
The tightness across the surface of water that enables paper clips to float is ____________.
a)
adhesion
b)
capillary action
c)
surface tension
d)
polarity
60.
Which statement explains why water molecules stick together?
a)
both sides are negative
b)
one side has a positive charge and the other side has a negative charge
c)
one side has a negative charge adn the other side has a neutral charge
d)
both sides are positive
61.
The process by which a gas changes back into a liquid when heat is taken away.
a)
evaporation
b)
condensation
c)
precipitation
d)
freezing point
62.
What is adhesion?
a)
Water's ability to stick to itself
b)
Water's ability to stick to other substances
c)
The strength of the cohesion of all the water molecules combined
d)
Tape, glue and other adhesives
63.
Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?
a)
Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate
b)
 Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate
c)
Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
d)
Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis
64.
 Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect? 
a)
Water absorbs heat when it evaporates and forms a gas 
b)
 Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes.
c)
Water molecules completely separate into ions in solutions.
d)
 Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar substances. 
65.
Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
66.

Flammable materials, like alcohol, should never be dispensed or used near

a)

an open door

b)

an open flame

c)

another student

d)

a sink

67.

Approved eye protection devices (such as goggles) are worn in the laboratory

a)

to avoid eye strain

b)

to improve your vision

c)

only if you don’t have corrective glasses

d)

any time chemicals, heat or glassware are used

68.

Work areas should be kept clean and tidy

a)

True

b)

False

69.

The vast majority (over 95%) of aquatic ecosystems are made up of this type of environment.

a)

Freshwater

b)

Brackish water

c)

Marine (saltwater)

d)

Bottled water

70.

As saltwater evaporates in a tide pool what happens to the salinity level of that water?

a)

decreases

b)

stays the same

c)

increases

71.

Cold salt water and hot salt water were added to the cup. Which layer represents the cold salt water?

a)

The bottom blue layer

b)

The top red layer

c)

Neither

72.

Nutrients are brought to the surface for phytoplankton to use at _______.

a)

gyres

b)

eddies

c)

upwellings

d)

the equator

73.
As salinity  increases
a)
Density increases
b)
Density decreases
74.
Currents release heat energy and this can affect an area's
a)
Oxygen
b)
Climate
c)
Upwelling
d)
Sunlight
75.

Area of ocean that extends from the low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf

a)

deep zone

b)

neritic zone

c)

open ocean

d)

aphotic zone

76.

permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone

a)

aphotic zone

b)

photic zone

c)

surface zone

d)

intertidal zone

77.

Portion of the shoreline that lies between the high and low tide lines

a)

open ocean

b)

deep zone

c)

intertidal zone

d)

aphotic zone

78.

Portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate.

a)

open ocean

b)

aphotic zone

c)

photic zone

d)

deep zone

79.

the earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean

a)

aphotic zone

b)

deep zone

c)

open ocean

d)

continental shelf

80.
The correct order of ocean zones in the aphotic zone, is:
a)
Aphotic, Abyssal, Bathyal
b)
Abyssal, Photic, Hadal
c)
Bathyal, Abyssal, Hadal
d)
Bathyla, Hadal, Abyssal
81.
This ocean zone includes the deepest trenches, such as the Mariana Trench.. 
a)
Abyssal
b)
Pelagic
c)
Bathyal
d)
Hadal
82.
This fish pictured is an example of:
a)
Sessile life
b)
Benthic life
c)
Pelagic life
d)
Aphotic life
83.
This fish pictured is an example of:
a)
Sessile life
b)
Benthic life
c)
Pelagic life
d)
Aphotic life
84.
The hadal zone is found at point:
a)
G
b)
D
c)
F
d)
E
85.

SELECT THE ANSWERS THAT YOU CONSIDER MAY BE RIGHT.

The zones based on distance from shore are:

a)

Intertidal Zone.

b)

Photic Zone.

c)

Neritic Zone.

d)

Oceanic Zone.

86.

TRUE OR FALSE:

Water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

87.

Black dragonfish are monstrous-looking, scaleless fish with very sharp, fang-like teeth. These fish have specialized organs known as photophores that produce light.

a)

Intertidal Zone (Low Tide)

b)

Intertidal Zone (High Tide)

c)

Ocean (Photic Zone)

d)

Ocean (Aphotic Zone)

88.

A mother turtle digs a nest on the shore and lays her eggs in it. The process takes takes 1-3 hours in the middle of the night, after which the mother turtle slowly drags herself back to the ocean.

a)

Coral Reef

b)

Intertidal Zone (High Tide)

c)

Intertidal Zone (Low Tide)

d)

Ocean (Aphotic Zone)

89.
Waves that require a medium are called 
a)
mechanical waves
b)
transverse waves
c)
light waves
d)
gamma rays
90.
What property of this wave is represented by the letter "A"
a)
amplitude
b)
crest
c)
trough
d)
wavelength
91.
One end of the rope is vibrated to produce a wave with a wavelength of .25 m.  The Frequency of the wave is 3.0 Hz.  What is the speed of the wave?
a)
3.00 m/s
b)
2.50 m/s
c)
.75 m/s
d)
1.25 m/s
92.
 A wave has frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 10 m. What is the speed of the wave?
a)
500 m/s
b)
50 m/s
c)
5 m/s
d)
0.5 m/s
93.
A wave has wavelength of 10 m and a speed of 340 m/s. What is the frequency of the wave?
a)
34 m/s
b)
3400 Hz
c)
3400 m/s
d)
34 Hz
94.
trough
a)
Part B
b)
Part A
c)
Part C
d)
Part D
95.
Which wave in the diagram has the greatest wavelength?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4

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