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Unit 1 Astronomy Review

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Most scientists believe the Big Bang Theory explains which of the following questions?

a)

How our planets and moons formed

b)

How our universe began

c)

How the sun turns hydrogen into helium

d)

How fast light travels through space

2.

Most distant galaxies show a red shift. This is considered evidence that the universe is ___.

a)

getting cooler

b)

expanding

c)

condensing into a small point

d)

swirling around

3.

A galaxy showing blue shift is ___.

a)

very cold

b)

moving towards us

c)

dying

d)

about to supernova

4.

Observations of space indicate that most matter in the universe is ___.

a)

hydrogen, helium, and dark matter

b)

gold and plutonium

c)

oxygen and water vapor

d)

carbon

5.

Which description is considered most accurate regarding what actually happened during the Big Bang?

a)

Two galaxies collided causing an immense explosion as stars crashed into one another

b)

All of what would become the universe was concentrated in a single small point, or singularity, which rapidly expanded into what is now stars, planets, galaxies, matter, and energy.

c)

All matter emerged from a massive black hole at the center of the universe.

d)

Parts of the sun were ripped off by massive internal explosions and were thrown into space where they cooled to become other things, like plants, comets, and other galaxies.

6.

Scientists infer that the Big Bang occurred approximately

a)

4.6 billion years ago

b)

7 billion years ago

c)

9 billion years ago

d)

13.7 billion years ago

7.
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
8.
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
9.
a)
The star's spectral lines have shifted toward the ultraviolet end of the spectrum and the star is moving toward Earth.
b)
The star's spectral lines have shifted toward the ultraviolet end of the spectrum and the star is moving away from Earth.
c)
The star's spectral lines have shifted toward the Infrared end of the spectrum and the star is moving toward Earth.
d)
The star's spectral lines have shifted toward the infrared end of the spectrum and the star is moving away from Earth.
10.

The diagram represents the light spectra given off by the same element as observed under two different conditions. Spectrum A was observed when that element was heated in a laboratory. Spectrum B shows the same element as seen in the light from a distant star. The light spectrum observed from this distant star shows a

a)

red shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth

b)

red shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth

c)

blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth

d)

blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth

11.

What is true about these stars?

a)

Both of these stars are moving away from us.

b)

Both of these stars are moving towards us.

12.

What happens to the wavelengths of energy if they are moving AWAY from a source?

a)

The waves stretch out and get longer.

b)

The waves compress and get shorter.

13.

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

a)

microwaves

b)

UV rays

c)

Infrared

d)

Gamma rays

14.

What is at the middle of a Heliocentric system?

a)

Mars

b)

Moon

c)

Sun

d)

Earth

15.

Which evidence best supports the theory that the universe began with a massive explosion?

a)

cosmic background radiation in space

b)

parallelism of Earth's axis

c)

radioactive dating of Earth's bedrock

d)

life cycle of stars

16.

Which sequence correctly lists the relative sizes from smallest to largest?

a)

our solar system, universe, Milky Way Galaxy

b)

our solar system, Milky Way Galaxy, universe

c)

Milky Way Galaxy, our solar system, universe

d)

Milky Way Galaxy, universe, our solar system

17.

Planets that are closest to the Sun are identified as

a)

low-density Jovian

b)

low-density terrestrial

c)

high-density Jovian

d)

high-density terrestrial

18.

The best evidence of Earth's rotation is provided by

the

a)

Foucault pendulum and global warming

b)

Foucault pendulum and Coriolis effect

c)

Moon phases and global warming

d)

Moon phases and Coriolis effect

19.

Which diagram best represents the regions of Earth in sunlight on June 21 and December 21? [NP indicates the North Pole and the shading represents Earth's night side. Diagrams are not drawn to scale.]

a)
b)
c)
d)
20.

Seasonal changes on Earth are primarily caused by the

a)

parallelism of the Sun's axis as the Sun revolves around Earth

b)

changes in distance between Earth and the Sun

c)

elliptical shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun

d)

tilt of Earth's axis as Earth revolves around

the Sun

21.
The term equinox means....
a)
equal amount of day light and equal amount of night
b)
Equal amount of winter and summer
c)
Equal amounts of hot dogs for everyone
d)
The longest day of the year
22.
The Earth's axis is tilted _____ degrees.
a)
23.5
b)
25.3
c)
30.2
d)
24
23.
Why is the Equator warmest?
a)
Because it is closest to the sun.
b)
Because it receives the most direct sunlight
c)
Because no clouds form here.
d)
Because it is far from the sun
24.
Base your answers to questions 28 through 30 on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams, labeled A, B, and C, represent equal-sized portions of the Sun’s rays striking Earth’s surface at 23.5° N latitude at noon at three different times of the year. The angle at which the Sun’s rays hit Earth’s surface and the relative areas of Earth’s surface receiving the rays at the three different angles of insolation are shown. As viewed in sequence from A to B to C, these diagrams represent which months and which change in the intensity of insolation?
a)
December → March → June; and decreasing intensity
b)
December → March → June; and increasing intensity
c)
June → September → December; and decreasing intensity
d)
June → September → December; and increasing intensity
25.
As the angle of the Sun’s rays striking Earth’s surface at noon changes from 90° to 43°, the length of a shadow cast by an object will
a)
Decrease
b)
Increase
c)
Decrease, then increase
d)
Increase, then decrease
26.

Imagine you drew a dot on the paper. At which angle would the dot receive the most intense amount of light?

a)

90 degrees (shown as A in the image)

b)

60 degrees (shown as B in the image)

c)

30 degrees (shown as C in the image)

27.

What effect does the tilt of the earth have?

a)

It causes the earth to be farther away from the sun at different times of the year

b)

It changes the angle that the sun strikes the earth in different land areas

c)

When the earth is tilted away from the sun we have day

d)

When the earth is tilted away from the sun we have night

28.

The diagram below represents the sun's path at equinox. According to the position of the Sun below, what is a possible time of the location?

a)

9 am

b)

12 noon

c)

6 pm

d)

3 pm

29.

Which sun's path best represents the summer solstice?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

30.
State the day represented by Sun's Path Z.
a)
September 23
b)
December 21
c)
March 20
d)
June 21
31.

When the sun gets higher in the sky, shadows get ______.

a)

longer

b)

gone

c)

shorter

d)

darker

32.

Shadows are longest during _______.

a)

morning and evening

b)

noon

c)

night

33.

What is the shadow direction when the Sun is at location C

a)

East

b)

Northwest

c)

Northeast

d)

West

34.

In which general direction is the Sun in NY

a)

North

b)

South

c)

West

d)

East

35.

A major belt of asteroids is located between Mars and Jupiter. What is the approximate average distance between the Sun and this major asteroid belt? (Need ESRT p.15)

a)

110 million kilometers

b)

220 million kilometers

c)

390 million kilometers

d)

850 million kilometers

36.

Which planet has an orbital eccentricity most like the orbital eccentricity of the Moon?

a)

Saturn

b)

Mars

c)

Mercury

d)

Neptune

37.

Which process combines lighter elements into heavier elements and produces energy within the Sun and other stars?

a)

fusion

b)

insolation

c)

conduction

d)

radioactive decay

38.

Earth, the Sun, and billions of stars are contained within

a)

(1) a single constellation

b)

(2) the Milky Way galaxy

c)

(3) the solar system

d)

(4) a giant cloud of gas

39.

This planet is 227.9 million kilometers from the Sun. (NEED ESRT P.15)

a)

Mercury

b)

Earth

c)

Mars

d)

Pluto

e)

Pluto's not a planet!

40.

This planet has the longest period of revolution. (NEED ESRT P.15)

a)

Mercury

b)

Mars

c)

Saturn

d)

Neptune

41.

This planet could float in water. (NEED ESRT P.15) (Reminder - the density of water is 1 g/cm3)

a)

Earth

b)

Jupiter

c)

Saturn

d)

Venus

42.

This is the largest planet by size and mass.

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Jupiter

d)

Saturn

43.

This planet has the most circular orbit. (NEED ESRT P.15)

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

44.
The __________ has planets, moons, comets, and asteroids.
a)
solar system
b)
earth
c)
rotation
d)
United States
45.

How long ago was our sun and planets formed?

a)

10 million years ago

b)

5 million years ago

c)

4.6 billion years ago

d)

13.7 billion years ago

46.
What force acted on the massive nebula to collapse it and eventually form our sun?
a)
electrostatic force
b)
strong force
c)
 weak force
d)
gravity
47.
What is the nebular hypothesis?
a)
Prediction about how the universe was formed
b)
Prediction of how the moon was formed
c)
Prediction of how comets were formed
d)
Prediction of how the Solar System was formed
48.
the planets of the solar system formed as 
a)
the center of the gas cloud cooled
b)
planetesimals flattened into a rotating disk
c)
planetesimals collided into one another
d)
the sun absorbed extra gas and dust from the solar system
49.

A nebula is

a)

a cloud of gas and dust

b)

an asteroid

c)

a protosun

d)

a planet

50.
the process that provides the sun with its energy
a)
solar flare
b)
Photosphere
c)
radiative zone
d)
nuclear fusion
51.

An ancient model of the solar system that puts earth at the center and says that everything orbits around the earth is called ...

a)

Solar System Model

b)

Heliocentric Model

c)

Geothermal Model

d)

Geocentric Model

52.
In this simple diagram, the motion of both the blue and yellow dots can best be described as -
a)
Rotation
b)
Revolution
53.

The name of the galaxy we live in is called __________.

a)

Milky Way Galaxy

b)

Snickers Galaxy

c)

Twix Galaxy

d)

Andromeda Galaxy

54.

Winds and ocean currents bend from their expected path.

a)

Foucault Pendulum

b)

Coriolis Effect

c)

Heliocentric

d)

Geocentric

55.

A Foucault pendulum appears to change its directions of swing because Earth

a)

is tilted on its axis

b)

is spinning on its axis

c)

has a curved surface

d)

has a density of 5.5 g/cm3

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