muscle originates high on the scalp and inserts into connective tissue near the superior orbital rim

fibers are oriented vertically and raise the eyebrow, causing a look of surprise or attention

originates on the frontal bone and inserts into skin superior to the medial eyebrow

it is characterized as the muscle of trouble or concentration, and its fibers are oriented obliquely, it moves the brow medially, toward the nose, creating vertical furrows between the brows

the muscle of menace or aggression, originates on the nasal bone and inserts into the medial side of the frontalis.

The area between the open eyelids

located at the medial orbital margin but is separated from the globe by a reservoir for the pooling of tears

reservoir for the pooling of tears

The floor of the lacrimal lake

Small, pink mass of modified skin located just medial to the plica

The upper eyelid extends to the eyebrow and is divided into 2 parts.

The skin is thin, and the underlying loose connective tissue is devoid of adipose tissue

separates tarsal portion from orbital portion

The sulcus separates the pretarsal skin, which is tightly adherent to the underlying tissue

The eyelid margin rests against the globe and contain the eyelashes and the pores of the meibomian gland

What is the approximate number of cilia (eyelashes) in the upper and lower eyelid

complete the sentence the lashes curl ____ on the upper lid and ____ on the lower lid

replacement lashes grow to full size in approximately ___ weeks, and each lash is replaced approximately every ____months

What occurs posterior to the pores of the meibomian glands and the transition skin to conjunctiva

Runs along the eyelid margin between the cilia and insertions and the pores of the meibomian glands.

The eyelid margin is divided into two parts, which part is larger

Small elevation containing lacrimal punctum

The opening that carries the tears into the nasolacrimal drainage system

lies near the lid margin on both sides of meibomian gland openings it maintains the lid margins close to the globe. Other name is *ciliary parts or (pars ciliari)

Which cranial nerve innervates the orbicularis muscle

Eyelid closure is often a protective mechanism against ocular pain or after injury is called

Originates on the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone above and in front of the optic foramen

A ligament may act as a fulcrum, changing the anteroposterior direction of the levator to superoinferior

Fan-shaped tendinous expansion in the eyelid, these fibers penetrate to the orbital septum and extend into the upper lid

Also known as lower eyelid aponeurosis. Inserts into the inferior edge of the tarsal plate

Is composed of smooth muscle and originates on the posterio-inferior aspect of the levator muscle

Contraction of mullers muscle can provide 2 mm of additional lid elevation

Gives the lid rigidity and structure and shapes it to the curvature of the globe

The tarsal plate in the upper lid is higher, approximately 11mm high and the inferior tarsal plate is lower, approx. 5mm high

Are bands of dense connective tissue connecting the tarsal plates to the orbital rim and holding the tarsal plates in position against the globe during eye and lid movements,

Is made up of palpebral ligaments

Are tarsal glands that are embedded in the tarsal plate. They resemble a large bunch of grapes and are vertically such that their openings are located in a row along the lid margin. They secrete sebum

Approximately how many glands are found in the upper eyelid and lower lid respectively?

they secrete sebum into the hair follicle of the cilia, coating the eyelash shaft to keep it from becoming brittle

They are modified sweat glands located near the lid margin

They are accessory lacrimal gland that are located in the stroma of the conjunctival fornix

They are accessory lacrimal glands that are located along the orbital border of the tarsal plate

In the upper fornix, 20 to 40 glands of ____ are found, only 6-8 such glands appear in the lower fornix

glands that are found alng the orbital border of tarsal plate and are less numerous

palpebral conjunctiva is composed of a stratified______ layer

the palpebral conjunctiva is composed of a connective tissue stromal layer, the ______ layer

of the upper lid, the conjunctival epithelium is ___ or __ cells thick

Of the lower lid, the epithelium is __ or __ cells thick

produce the innermost mucous layer of the tear film

Goblet cells are most numerous in the inferior nasal aspect of the tarsal conjunctiva

The number of goblet cells decreases with advance age and increases in inflammatory conditions

Invaginations of conjunctival epithelium often near fornix

Also known as holocrine glands

Sebaceous gland is to zeis while sweat gland is to glands of moll

What central stalk structure that is connects the meibomian gland to the mucucotaneous junction

the predominant innervation of meibomian gland is

Similar to meibomian gland. Composed of just one or 2 acini and associated with eyelash follicle

Generally two zeis glands are present per follicle, preventing the cilia from becoming dry and brittle by releasing sebum

Are also located near the eyelash follicle and are modified sweat glands

the__ gland is an apocrine gland, its secretion is composed not of the whole cell but of parts of the cellular cytoplasm

Are groups of secretory cells with a truncated-pyramid shape arranged in an oval pattern around a central lumen

Cranial nerve providing sensory innervation of the eyelids

blinking can be complete or incomplete

Voluntary blink is to ____ and involuntary blink is to____

What is the blink rate per min

Occurs without any obvious external stimulus or voluntary efforts

Coordinated closing & opening movements of they eyelids which occur in response to direct stimulus.

sudden unexpected touch in cornea, conjunctiva, eyelash

Dazzle reflex produced by shining bright light into the eye and menace reflex (threatening object coming)

Excited by loud noises

Tap or blow response

Carried out as willed act in both eyes, under control of the individual

The anteroposterior diameter of an adult eyeball

Lateral (horizontal) diameter

Dimensions of an adult eyeball on the vertical diameter

what is the circumference of an adult eyeball

What is the volume of an adult eyeball

lies at the midplane between the two poles

eyeball is tilted slightly backward on the temporal side due to bulge of the sclera on this side and slightly forward on the nasal side

Refers to the greatest circumference of the globe approximately in the coronal place

The line passing through the center of the cornea, center of the lens and meets the retina on the nasal side of the fovea.

Is the line joining the fixation point, nodal point and the fovea

The line joining the fixation point and the center of rotation