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WorksheetsCELL: THE UNIT OF LIFE
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
Unicellular microscopic organisms were first studied by Unicellular microscopic organisms were first studied by
Robert Hooke
Priestley
Pasteur
Leeuwenhoek
The most likely method, used to determine the structural details of a cell organelle is
Autoradiography
Microdissection
Electron microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy
The figures of cork cells as seen by Robert Hooke were published in the book
Origin of species
Species plantarum
Genera plantarum
Micrographia
Cell theory was formulated by
Schleiden and Schwann
Robert Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Marcello Malpighi
Omnis cellula-e cellula’ i.e., new cells arise from pre-existing cells; this statement was given by
Schleiden and Schwann
Rudolf Virchow
Robert Brown
Robert Hooke
Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.
Column I Column II
A. Leeuwenhoek (i) First saw and described a
living cell
B. Robert Brown (ii) Presence of cell wall is
unique to plant cells
C. Schleiden (iii) Discovered the nucleus
D. Schwann (iv) All plants are composed
of different kinds of cell
A-(i), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(ii)
A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)
A-(iii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)
A-(i), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(iii)
Who proposed a modification in the cell theory?
Schleiden and Schwann
Rudolf Virchow
Robert Hooke
Marcello Malpighi
What is true about genetic material of a prokaryotic cell?
Lacks histones
Not enveloped by nuclear membrane
Composed of a single circular DNA molecule
All of these
______________ are self-replicating, extra chromosomal segments of double stranded circular and naked DNA, present in a bacterial cell.
Plasmids
Nucleoid
Mesosomes
Bacteriophages
Prokaryotic cells are generally _______________ and multiply _____________ than the eukaryotic cells.
smaller, slower
larger, slower
smaller, faster
larger, faster
X is structure found in prokaryotes that is concerned with storage of reserve food materials like cyanophycean granules.
X could be
gas vacuole
plasmid
inclusion body
mesosome
Longest portion of bacterial flagella is
hook
basal body
filament
none of these
Glycocalyx (mucilage sheath) of a bacterial cell may occur in the form of a loose sheath called _____________ or it may be thick and tough called ____________.
capsule, slime layer
slime layer, capsule
mesosome, capsule
mesosome, slime layer
Correct sequence of layers of bacterial cell envelope from outward to inward is
cell wall ---> Glycocalyx ----> cell membrane
cell membrane ---> Glycocalyx ---> cell wall
Glycocalyx ---> cell wall---> cell membrane
Glycocalyx --->cell membrane --->cell wall
Mesosomes are the infoldings of cell membrane, which
(i) are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
(ii) help in cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration.
(iii) increase the surface area of plasma membrane.
(i) and (ii)
(ii) and (iii)
(i) and (iii)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
If you remove the fimbriae from the bacterial cell, which of the following would you expect to happen?
The bacteria could no longer swim
The bacterial would not adhere to the host tissue
Transportation of molecules across the membrane would stop
The shape of bacteria would change
The type of ribosomes found in prokaryotes is
80S type
70S type
30S type
50S type
Which of these is not correct regarding ribosomes?
Non-membrane bound
Present in the cytoplasm and on RER
Absent in chloroplast and mitochondria
Take part in protein synthesis
Polyribosomes are aggregation of
ribosomes and rRNA
peroxisomes
several ribosomes held together by a string of mRNA
rRNA
Plant cells differ from animal cells in having
cell wall
plastids
a large central vacuole
all of these
Identify the parts labelled as A, B, C and D in the given ultrastructure of a plant cell and select the correct option.
A- Plasma membrane B- Chloroplast
C- Mitochondrion D- Golgi complex
A- Plasma membrane B- Mitochondrion
C- Chloroplast D- RER
A- Cell wall B- Mitochondrion
C- Chloroplast D- RER
A- Cell wall B- Chloroplast
C- Mitochondrion D- Golgi complex
Given is the ultrastructure of an animal cell. Identify the parts marked as A, B, C and D.
A- Plasma membrane B- Nucleus
C- Mitochondrion D- Golgi complex
A- Plasma membrane B- Vacuole
C- Mitochondrion D- Golgi complex
A- Cell wall B- Nucleus
C- Mitochondrion D- RER
A- Cell wall B- Vacuole
C- Chloroplast D- Golgi complex
According to unit membrane structure, the thickness of plasma membrane is about
35 Å
20 Å
75 Å
100 Å
The best material for the study of structure of cell membrane is
RBC of human
Liver cell
Kidney cell
muscle cell
Which chemical property is shared by all types of lipids forming the plasma membrane?
Sugar component
Glycerol backbone
Phosphate group
Hydrophobic region
A phospholipid molecule is amphipathic and produces two layers coming in contact with H2O. The head of phospholipid molecule is
at an angle of 400
at the outer surface
on the inner side
embedded in protein molecules.
Lipids are arranged within the membrane with
polar heads towards inner side and the hydrophobic tails towards outer side
both heads and tails toward outer side
head toward outer side and tail towards inside
both heads and tails toward inner side
The most abundant lipid in the cell membrane is
cutin
glycolipid
steroid
phosphoglycerides
Which is the best way to separate intact chloroplast from green leaves of angio spermic plant?
Petrol-ether
Chloroform
10% sucrose solution
Alcohol
Cell recognition and adhesion are facilitated by components of plasma membrane. These components are generally
Protein molecules alone
lipids alone
both lipids and proteins
glycolipids and glycoproteins
Select the incorrect statement regarding the plasma membrane.
Ratio of proteins and lipids varies considerably in different cell types.
52% proteins and 40% lipids constitute the membrane of human RBC.
Arrangement of proteins (P) and Lipids (L) is L-P-P-L.
Head of lipid is hydrophilic
Identify the components labelled as A, B, C and D in the given figure of cell membrane from the list (i) to (vii) given along with and select the correct option.
Components:
(i) Sugar (ii) Protein
(iii) Lipid bilayer (iv) Integral protein
(v) Cytoplasm (vi) Cell wall
(vii) External protein
The correct matching of components is
A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)
A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(vi)
A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(vii)
Integral cell membrane proteins.
are partially embedded in lipid layers.
are completely embedded in lipid layers.
show lateral but not vertical movements within bilayer of lipid.
all of these.
The latest model of cell membrane is the
Unit membrane model
Fluid mosaic model
Danielli and Davson’s model
Robertson’s model
The fluid mosaic model explains which aspects of a cell membrane?
only structural aspects
only functional aspects
Both structural and functional aspects
Only fluidity of membrane
Cell membrane is selective permeable. This means that it
allows all materials to pass through
allows only water to pass through
allows only ions to pass through
allows only certain materials to pass through
Many molecules can move briefly across the membrane without any requirement of energy and special membrane proteins. This is called ____________.
active transport
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
all of these
Choose the incorrect statement regarding cell membrane.
Generally smaller molecules pass easily and readily than large molecules.
Water soluble substance pass through easily and readily than lipid soluble substance
In addition to phospholipid membrane it also contains cholesterol
None of these
Which of the following is an energy dependent process?
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Endosmosis
Exosmosis
Refer to the words given in box and find out that majority belongs to which of the following cell organelle.
Kinetochore, Tonoplast, Nucleolus, Telomere, Ribophorin, Cis face, Maturing face, cellulose, DNA, Pectin, Radial spokes, chromatin, Nuclear pore complex
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Nucleus
E.R
Organelle ‘X’ is the major centre of release of energy in aerobic respiration, but is absent in prokaryotes and anaerobic eukaryotes. It can be stained differentially with janus Green. Identify the organelle X.
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Read the following statements about organelle.
(i) Network of tiny tubular structures, scattered in the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm.
(ii) It divides the intracellular space into two distinct compartments.
(iii) Ribosomes are attached to their outer surface.
Select the most suitable statement for the structure, above discussed.
Organelle is double membranous and involved in β-oxidation of fats.
They are frequently observed in cells actively involved in protein synthesis.
Organelle has colloidal matrix and involved in photophosphorylation
They are frequently present in photoautotrophic prokaryotes.
Among the following cell organelles P, Q, R and S, which is the odd one out?
S, because the others are membrane bound cell organelles.
P, because the others are involved in cell secretion.
R, because the others are involved in protein storage.
Q, because the others are involved in energy production.
Refer to the given diagram of an animal cell and select the option that correctly describes the functional relationship between organelles P and Q.
Carbohydrates synthesised at Q are transported to P where they are stored for regular use in cytoplasm.
Polypeptides synthesised at Q are transported to P where they are modified into functional proteins for secretion.
Polypeptides synthesised at P are packaged into vesicles that move to Q for further modification.
Polypeptides synthesised at P are packaged without modification and move to Q where they are stored for regular use in cytoplasm.
A strain of an animal exists in which there is only one nucleolus in the nucleus of each cell instead of the usual two.
When such animals are mated, approximately one quarter of the offspring have two nucleus, one half have one nucleolus per nucleus and one quarter have no nucleolus at all. Offspring without nucleoli die about four days after hatching.
These offspring die because they do not possess
Mitochondria and are unable to obtain energy
centrioles and are unable to undergo cell division
golgi apparatus and are unable to remove dead cells
ribosomes and are unable to manufacture proteins
Study the given flow chart.
Which of the following holds true for P, Q, R, S and T?
P takes part in cell autophagy and autolysis whereas Q takes part in osmoregulation.
R takes part in protein synthesis and is also present in bacteria.
Inner membrane of T contains stalked particles whereas inner membrane of S is connected to thylakoids at various places.
T takes part in preparation of food whereas S takes part in oxidation of food to release energy.
Organelle X bears ribosomes on its outer surface. Organelle X and organelle Y together give rise to organelle Z which is often referred to as ‘Suicide bag’ of cells. Identify organelles X, Y and Z and select the incorrect option regarding them.
Organelle X takes part in formation of proteins.
Organelle Z is bound by single membrane.
Organelle Y is the main site of cellular respiration.
Organelle Z is involved in autophagy.
Refer to the given venn diagram.
Select the correct option regarding organelle X and Y.
Organelle X could be the largest organelle which is absent in mature mammalian RBCs.
Organelle Y has inner membrane infolded into finger like processes called cristae which bear oxysomes
Organelle X is semi-autonomous organelle, often referred to as kitchen of cells.
Both (b) and (c)
A student made a pictorial representation of a eukaryotic cell membrane and labelled the components as follows.
The student has made errors while labelling the components of membrane. Which of the following hold true regarding the error?
(i) Protein A should be labelled as trans-membrane protein only and not as integral protein.
(ii) The polarity of the protein A should be reversed because the cytosolic phase always shows reducing environment.
(iii) Position of cholesterol molecule should be close to polar region as it contains a polar group.
(iv) Protein B should be labelled as integral membrane protein and not as peripheral glycoprotein.
(i) and (ii)
(iii) and (iv)
(ii) and (iii)
(i) and (iv)
The stain used to visualise mitochondria is
fast green
Safranin
acetocarmine
janus green
Plastids differ from mitochondria on the basis of which of the following features?
Presence of two layers of membrane
Presence of ribosome
Presence of thylakoids
Presence of DNA
Which of the following statements is not true for the plasma membrane?
It is present in both plant and animal cells.
Lipids are present in it as bilayer.
Proteins may be peripheral or integral in it.
Carbohydrates are never found in it.
Which of the following is not true for a eukaryotic cell?
Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycans.
It has 80S type of ribosome present in the cytoplasm
Mitochondria contain circular DNA.
Membrane bound organelles are present.
What is a tonoplast?
Outer membrane of mitochondria
Inner membrane of chloroplast
Membrane boundary of the vacuole of plant cells
Cell membrane of a plant cell
Which of the following options is true for a secretory cell?
Golgi apparatus is absent
RER is easily observed in the cell
Only SER is present
Secretory granules are formed in nucleus
Who proposed the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane?
Camillo Golgi
Schleiden and Schwann
Singer and Nicolson
Robert Brown
Which of the following features is common to prokaryotes and may eukaryotes?
Chromatin material present
Cell wall present
Membrane-bound subcellular organelles present
Nuclear membrane present
Different cells have different sizes. Arrange the following cells in an ascending order of their size and select the correct option.
(i) Mycoplasma (ii) Ostrich egg
(iii) Human RBCs (iv) Bacteria
(i) ----> (iv) ----> (iii)----> (ii)
(i) ----> (ii) ----> (iv) ----> (ii)
(ii) ----> (i) ----> (iii) ----> (iv)
(iii) ----> (ii) ----> (i) ----> (iv)
Which of the following stains is not used for staining chromosomes?
Basic Fuchsin
Safranin
Methylene green
Carmine
A common characteristic feature of plant sieve tube cells and most of mammalian erythrocytes is
absence of mitochondria
presence of cell wall
presence of haemoglobin
absence of nucleus
________________ are the microbodies, which take part in glyoxylate pathway, bounded by a single membrane and are usually present in germinating fatty seeds.
Glyoxysomes
Peroxisomes
Sphaerosomes
Lysosomes
Which one of these is not correct regarding peroxisomes?
Single membrane bound organelles
Perform photorespiration in C3 plants
Take part in synthesis and storage of lipids
Protect a cell from the toxic effects of H2O2
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Peroxisomes are involved in photorespiration of the plant cells and help in the lipid metabolism of animal cells.
Statement 2: Peroxisomes are the cell’s garbage disposal system.
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
What does A, B and C represent in the given figure of a chromosome?
A - Centriole B- Satellite
C- Primary constriction
A -Centriole B- Satellite
C- Secondary constriction
A -Centromere B- Satellite
C- Secondary constriction
A -Centromere B- Satellite
C- Primary constriction
The chromosome in which centromere lies slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm, is called as
metacentric
Submetacentric
acrocentric
telocentric
According to most recent studies, each chromosome consists of
Single double helical DNA which is highly coiled and folded.
Variable number of DNA helices, depending upon the length of chromosome.
Many small DNA helices, which are joined by peptide linkages.
Small DNA helices, wrapped around each other like a rope.
In eukaryotic cells, the given figure is synthesised in
nucleolus
cytoplasm
mitochondria
Golgi complex
Match column I with Column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.
Column I Column II
A Nucleolus (i) Lipid storage
B Sphaerosomes (ii) Glycolate metabolism
C Peroxisomes (iii) Transport of
macromolecules
D Plasmodesmata (iv) RNA synthesis
A- (iv) B- (i) C- (iii) D- (ii)
A- (i) B- (ii) C- (iv) D- (iii)
A- (iv) B- (i) C- (ii) D- (iii)
A-(i) B- (ii) C- (iii) D- (iv)
Centrioles arise from
pre-existing centrioles
de novo
nuclear envelope
sphaerosome
Select the wrong statement with respect to the structure of a plant cell.
Cellulosic cell wall is present inside the cell membrane
Centrioles are usually absent.
A large central vacuole is present.
Golgi apparatus is formed of a number of unconnected units called dictyosomes.
Arrangement of microtubules in a flagellum and a centriole is respectively
9+2 and 9+1
9+1 and 9+0
9+0 and 9+2
9+2 and 9+0
The movement of cilia and flagella is due to the presence of
radial spokes
central sheath
singlet microtubules
dyneins
The core of a cilium or flagellum composed of microtubules and their associated proteins is called
blepharoplast
axoneme
microfilament
tubulin
Which of the following is correct for the given structure?
These are small structures which work like oars.
It is covered with plasma membrane
Its core is called axoneme.
All of these
Eukaryotic ribosome, chloroplast and mitochondrion are respectively
80S, 80S and 70S
80S, 70S and 70S
80S in all
70S in all
______________ are granular structures first observed under electron microscope as dense particles by ______________(1955).
Ribosomes, George Palade
Ribosomes, Perner
Lysosomes, de Duve
Peroxisomes, de Duve
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Chloroplast and mitochondria are semi-autonomous bodies.
Statement 2: Chloroplast and mitochondria have their own DNA and protein synthesizing machinery.
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Extranuclear inheritance is due to the presence of genes in
mitochondria and chloroplasts
nucleus and mitochondria
nucleus and chloroplasts
endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
Identify A and B in the given figure and select the correct option.
A Grana thylakoid B Stroma
A Stroma lamella B Granum
A Granum B Stroma
A Stroma B Granum
Select the incorrect pair.
Cell wall - Structural support
Central vacuole - Storage
Central vacuole - Storage
Plasmodesmata - Protection
Amyloplasts elaioplasts and aleuroplasts belong to ______________ category of plastids
chloroplasts
chromoplasts
leucoplasts
all of these
Which of the following is the correct match?
Amyloplasts - Store carbohydrates
Elaioplasts - Store fats and oils
Aleurplasts - Store proteins
All of these
Bright colour of petals is due to the presence of
chloroplast
anthocyanin
elaioplast
amyloplast
All plastids have essentially the same structure because
they have to perform the same function
they are localised in the aerial parts of plants
one type of plastid can differentiate into another type of plastid depending upon the cell requirements
all plastids have to store starch, lipids and proteins
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Mitochondria, unless specifically stained are not easily visible under the microscope
Physiological activity of cells determines the number of mitochondria per cell.
Mitochondria, a power house of cell has DNA, RNA, ribosomes and enzymes, so it can survive outside the cell
Mitochondria divide by fission.
Study the following statements regarding mitochondria and select the correct ones.
These are the sites of aerobic respiration
Matrix contains single, circular dsDNA molecule, a few RNA molecule, 70S ribosomes.
Mitochondria divide by fission
Mitochondria are fully-autonomous
Which of the following observations most strongly support the view that mitochondria contain electron transport enzymes aggerated into compact association?
mitochondria have a highly folded inner wall
Disruption of mitochondria yields membrane fragments, which are able to synthesis ATP
A contractile protein capable of utilising ATP has been obtained from mitochondria
Mitochondria in animal embryos have a tendency to concentrate in cells, which are to become locomotory structures
In which of the following parts of mitochondria succinic dehydrogenase enzyme is located?
peri mitochondrial space
Outer membrane
Matrix
Inner membrane
Read the given statements regarding a cell organelle.
i) It contains water, sap, excretory products and other unwanted materials
ii) It is bounded by a single membrane called tonoplast
iii) In plant cells, it can occupy upto 90% of cellular volume
iv) It contents form cell sap.
v) It maintains turgor pressure
The above features are attributed to
lysosome
vacuole
peroxisome
mitochondrion
Which of the following statements regarding sphaerosomes is not correct?
Abundant in the endosperm cells of oil seeds
Bounded by a single membrane
Take part on synthesis and storage of lipids
Take part in photorespiration
How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?
They are engulfed by plastids and stored until export from cell is possible
Defective parts accumulate until the cell itself dies
They are exported by exocytosis
Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.
As they release hydrolase that digest old and damaged cells, the term suicide is aptly used by cell biologists for
Golgi-bodies
lysosomes
glyoxysomes
peroxisomes
Which of the following represents the features of lysosomes?
A lower pH than the cytoplasm
Reduced hydrolase activity
Double membrane envelope
All of these
Lysosomes are the reservoirs (storehouses) of
hydrolytic enzymes
oxidative enzymes
secretory glycoproteins
RNA and proteins
Which one is the mis-matched pair?
Largest isolated single cell - Egg of an ostrich
Golgi apparatus - Discovered by Altman
Mitochondria - Name was given by Benda
Lysosomes - Discovered by de Duve
Lysosomes are _____________ vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the ______________.
membrane bound, Golgi apparatus
membrane bound, Mitochondria
non-membrane bound, Golgi apparatus
non-membrane bound, ER
Which of these is not a function of Golgi apparatus?
Site of synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids
Secretion
Membrane transformation
Site of protein synthesis
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: The cisternae in Golgi complex have cis face and trans face.
Statement 2: The cis face is also called forming face and trans face is also called maturing face.
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
These are the densely stained reticular structures present near the nucleus, consisting of many flat, disc shaped cisternae of 0.5 – 1.0 µm diameter. These are
Chloroplast
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Which group of organelles is involved in synthesis of substances needed by cell?
Lysosome, vacuole, ribosome
Vacuole, RER, SER
Ribosome, RER, SER
RER, lysosome, vacuole
