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Genetics Unit 1 Concepts Review

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who is credited for the birth of the science of Genetics?

a)

Socrates

b)

Aristotle

c)

Gregor Mendel

d)

Nicolas Malebranche

2.

A(n) ___ is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism.

a)

gene

b)

genotype

c)

allele

d)

trait

3.

According to the Preformation theory, the whole baby (organism or human) was already preformed in the father's sperm, plus each preformed body also had a definite number of other preformed bodies within it.

a)

True

b)

False

4.

___ is the study of heredity, and how genes are responsible for passing on hereditary information and variations in living organisms.

a)

Genetics

b)

Anatomy

c)

Physics

d)

Biology

5.
The study of the mode of gene transmission from generation to generation is broadly called
a)
population genetics
b)
molecular biology
c)
transmission genetics
d)
all of the above
6.
…………… is the study of structure and function of the gene
a)
population genetics
b)
molecular biology
c)
transmission genetics
d)
all of the above
7.
The study of behaviour of genes in populations is called
a)
population genetics
b)
molecular biology
c)
transmission genetics
d)
all of the above
8.
Characters directed by genes are said to be
a)
Acquired
b)
Heritable
c)
Non-heritable
d)
none of the above
9.
Characters that are formed as a result of the influence of the environment are said to be
a)
Acquired
b)
Heritable
c)
Inherited
d)
none of the above
10.
If the percentage of DNA is made of 30% Thymine, what is the correct percentage of Guanine?
a)
30
b)
15
c)
20
d)
60
11.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
12.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
13.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
14.
A scientist observes a base sequence of AGCTAGCTAGCT.  Which of the following would be the complimentary strand?
a)
TGCATGCATGCA
b)
TCGATCGATCGA
c)
TAGCTAGCTAGC
d)
TTAAGGCCTTCC
15.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
16.
The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together come from...
a)
the attraction of phosphate groups 
b)
strong bonds between  bases and sugars
c)
carbon to carbon bonds in the sugar
d)
weak hydrogen bonds between the bases
17.
The DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts. Which two components make up the nucleotide backbone?
a)
ribose sugar and base
b)
ribose sugar and phosphate group
c)
nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group
18.
What is responsible for holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
a)
hydrogen bonds
b)
alleles
c)
London dispersion forces
d)
deoxyribose sugars
19.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
20.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
21.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
22.
Describes the twisted ladder-like shape of a DNA molecule
a)
Nitrogen Base
b)
Hexagon
c)
Double Helix
23.
Which component of DNA specifies the traits of an organism?
a)
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
b)
hydrogen bonds
c)
phosphate groups
d)
nitrogenous base pairs
24.
The nucleic acid DNA is composed of
a)
sugar, protein, and nitrogenous bases.
b)
protein, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate.
c)
nitrogenous bases, phosphate, and RNA.
d)
sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases.
25.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
26.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
27.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
28.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
29.
Based on the diagram, how many origins of replication are represented?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
30.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
31.
Who is responsible for producing this image?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
32.
What does this image show?
a)
Double helical structure of DNA
b)
Triple Helical Structure of DNA
c)
Double helical structure of RNA
d)
Triple Helical Structure of RNA
33.
What did Erwin Chargaff conclude from his experiments?
a)
Nitrogen bases are held together by peptide bonds
b)
A and T, C and G always occur in equal amounts
c)
Proteins are the carriers of genetic information
d)
C and G rarely occur in eukaryotic organisms
34.
What was Watson and Crick's main scientific accomplishment?
a)
Building the first accurate model of DNA
b)
Isolating strains of pneumonia causing bacteria
c)
Determining base pairing rules
d)
Discovering the process of genetic transformation
35.

From his work with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria, which process did Frederick Griffith discovered?

a)

Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Transformation

d)

Translation

36.
By using radioactive isotopes, Hershey and Chase were able to conclude that _____ is the carrier of genetic information.
a)
DNA
b)
Protein
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Lipid
37.
The work of scientists including Griffin, Avery, Hershey & Chase, and Franklin helped us to determine that _______ are responsible for carrying genetic material.
a)
Amino Acids
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
38.
Who was responsible for the model shown?
a)
Oswald Avery
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Erwin Chargaff
d)
Rosalind Franklin
39.

Label the parts of the NUCLEOTIDE. Letter C is ____

a)

Deoxyribose sugar

b)

Phosphate group

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Glucose

40.

Choose the complementary strand to the following DNA segment.


T T G C A G

a)

T T G C A G

b)

G A C G T T

c)

C T G C A A

d)

A A C G T C

41.

Identify the DNA scientist based on the following statement:


Found that "transformation" took place in pneumonia bacteria by observing nonvirulent turning into virulent.

a)

Oswald Avery

b)

Erwin Chargaff

c)

Rosalind Franklin

d)

Hershey and Chase

e)

Frederick Griffith

42.

Identify the DNA scientist based on the following statement:


Determined that DNA was the genetic factor by using radioactive isotopes to tag virus DNA going into a bacteria cell.

a)

Oswald Avery

b)

Erwin Chargaff

c)

Rosalind Franklin

d)

Hershey and Chase

e)

Frederick Griffith

43.

Identify the DNA scientist based on the following statement:


Repeated Griffith's experiment but confirmed it was DNA by using restriction enzymes to destroy and isolate all of the cell organelles. When DNA was destroyed, transformation did NOT occur.

a)

Oswald Avery

b)

Erwin Chargaff

c)

Rosalind Franklin

d)

Hershey and Chase

e)

Frederick Griffith

44.
Which of the following is a base that is NOT contained in DNA?
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
45.
If there is 37% guanine how much cytosine is there?
a)
77%
b)
47%
c)
37%
d)
57%
46.
Who was responsible for determining the structure of DNA?
a)
Watson and Crick
b)
Chargaff
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
All of the above
47.

What process did Griffith discover using mice and altered forms of the pneumonia bacteria?

a)

transcription

b)

mutation

c)

transformation

d)

translation

48.
In a sample of DNA, 20 percent is Adenine. What are the percentages of the other bases?
a)
Thymine - 30 percent, Cytosine 25 percent, Guanine 25 percent
b)
Cytosine - 20 percent, Thymine - 30 percent, Guanine 25 percent
c)
Thymine - 20 percent, Cytosine 30 percent, Guanine 30 percent
d)
Thymine - 30 percent, Cytosine 30 percent, Guanine 20 percent
49.
DNA codes for...
a)
cholesterol
b)
proteins
c)
fatty acids
d)
a sandwich
50.
Genes are found on...
a)
chromosomes
b)
alleles
c)
proteins
d)
anthers
51.
A change in the genetic code = ____
a)
trait
b)
genotype
c)
phenotype
d)
mutation
52.

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

a)

1

b)

3

c)

5

d)

15

53.

How many codons? AAU GCG AUG

a)

9

b)

1

c)

3

d)

15

54.

How many nucleotides? AAU GCG AUG

a)

9

b)

3

c)

1

d)

15

55.
ATCAGTGAT A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?
a)
5
b)
4
c)
2
d)
3
56.

What is the order for Protein Synthesis?

a)

Transcription -> Translation -> Protein

b)

Translation - > Transcription -> Protein

c)

Protein -> Transcription -> Translation

d)

Translation -> Protein -> Transcription

57.

Which sequence could be found in RNA?

a)

ACCTGT

b)

CGCATT

c)

AUGCUU

58.

What enzyme does transcription use?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

ligase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

helicase

59.

Which RNA carries the message?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

60.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
61.

RNA must be edited before it can be used to make proteins, what happens during this editing process?

a)

A spliceosome cuts out exons

b)

A spliceosome cuts out the introns

c)

A splicesome pairs nucleotides with the DNA base pairs

d)

The RNA is checked for typos

62.

Promoters are

a)

genes that code for individual proteins

b)

proteins that bind with DNA and prevent transcription

c)

DNA sequences near a gene that regulate the start of transcription

d)

small molecules that bind with repressor proteins

63.

An exon in an mRNA is a _____ region that is _____ the mature mRNA.

a)

coding ... kept in

b)

coding ... removed from

c)

noncoding ... kept in

d)

noncoding ... removed from

64.
In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular
a)
nucleotide
b)
enzyme
c)
amino acid
d)
promoter
65.

What region of a mature mRNA is responsible for its export from the nucleus?

a)

tail

b)

cap

c)

intron

d)

exon

66.

A substance that can cause a change in the DNA code of an organism is called a

a)

toxin

b)

mutagen

c)

nitrogenous base

d)

nucleotide

67.
A group of genes that are regulated together is called a(n)
a)
promoter
b)
operon
c)
intron
d)
allele
68.

The human body contains ____ chromosomes and ___ cells

a)

23 pairs of chromosomes and 75 million cells

b)

46 pairs of chromosomes and 150 trillion cells

c)

48 pairs of chromosomes and 75 trillion cells

d)

23 pairs of chromosomes and 75 trillion cells

69.

In what year was the structure of DNA discovered?

a)

1912

b)

1953

c)

1974

d)

1986

70.

What is being shown in this image?

a)

DNA

b)

Chromosome

c)

Alleles

d)

Phenotype

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