WorksheetsDP Bio: Cells, Macromolecules & the Cell Membrane
Total questions: 111
Worksheet time: 56mins
The image shows a phagocytic white blood cell as seen with a transmission electron microscope. Which features can be found both within this cell and in a photosynthetic bacterium?
chloroplasts
multiple nuclei
70s ribosomes
lysosomes
The image shows an electron micrograph of a fungus, Candida albicans. Which terms identify the structures labelled I and II in the image?
I: cell membrane; II: vescicle
I: cell wall; II: chloroplast
I: plasma membrane; II: mitochondrion
I: cell wall; II: mitochondrion
In a copy of Louis Pasteur's famous experiment, broth was put into flasks as shown in the diagrams. What results would be expected with no spontaneous generation of life?
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flask W.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W and X.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Y.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Z.
Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium?
X: digestion; Y: homeostasis
X: feeding; Y: metabolism
X: food storage; Y: movement
X: DNA replication; Y: respiration
The image shows an electron micrograph of pancreatic exocrine cells. What is the role of the vesicles shown in the micrograph?
To transport hormones between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
To store glycogen when blood glucose levels are high.
To move enzymes out of the cell by exocytosis.
To digest cellulose.
What is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
RNA can catalyze metabolic reactions.
Meteorites contain organic molecules.
Amino acids can be synthesized from inorganic compounds.
Mitochondria possess their own DNA.
What can be deduced about a striated muscle fibre from both of these statements?
"A eukaryotic cell has one nucleus."
"A striated muscle fibre has many nuclei."
It is prokaryotic.
It is an exception to cell theory.
It consists of aseptate hyphae.
It is preparing to divide.
What structures are part of an Escherichia coli cell?
Ribosomes, nucleoid and Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes, mitochondria and pili
Cell wall, plasma membrane and nuclear membrane
Pili, flagella and cytoplasm
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic Cells: no plasma membrane; Eukaryotic Cells: plasma membrane
Prokaryotic Cells: 80s ribosomes; Eukaryotic Cells: 70s ribosomes
Prokaryotic Cells: Golgi apparatus; Eukaryotic Cells: mitochondira
Prokaryotic Cells: no internal membrane compartments; Eukaryotic Cells: internal membrane compartments
The image shows an electron micrograph of a part of a cell. Which features do the two structures labelled X and Y have in common?
They are surrounded by a double membrane.
They contain 70s ribosomes.
They contain naked DNA.
They are only found in leaf cells.
Which structures are only found in prokaryotic cells?
Ribosomes
Pili
Cell walls
Flagella
The electron micrograph shows part of a cell. Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
A
B
C
D
The images are microscopic views of two similar cells. What is the reason for the differences between the two micrographs?
The lower image has a higher magnification.
The lower image has a greater resolution.
A nucleus can only be seen in the upper image.
The upper image is an electron micrograph.
What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical cell structure?
They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit.
They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose.
They have plasmids.
They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
Where could genes be located in a prokaryotic cell?
A
B
C
D
Which organelle provides evidence that eukaryotic cells originated when large prokaryotes engulfed small free-living prokaryotes?
Chloroplast
Nucleoid
80s ribosome
Vacuole
The image shows an electron micrograph of a cell.
I: secretory vesicles; II: Golgi apparatus; III: mitochondria
I: mitochondria, II: Golgi apparatus, III: secretory vesicle
I: secretory vesicles, II: rough endoplasmic reticulum, III: mitochondria
I: mitochondria, II: rough endoplasmic reticulum, III: secretory vesicle
Pasteur carried out a series of experiments that provided strong evidence against a widely supported theory. What was this theory?
Endosymbiosis
Spontaneous generation
Conservation replication of DNA
Evolution
What evidence from the image of Paramecium indicates whether the organism is a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
Compartments in the cell indicate that it is a eukaryote.
No nucleus indicates that the cell is a prokaryotes.
Lack of a cell wall indicates that the cell is a eukaryote.
It is a unicellular organism, so it must be a prokaryote.
Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane?
Nucleus
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
The following electron micrograph shows part of a palisade mesophyll cell. Which of the labelled structures controls the exchange of substances to and from the cell?
A
B
C
D
Which organelle is involved in generating vesicles destined for the cell membrane?
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory. What feature is this?
It lacks a nucleus.
It lacks a cell wall.
It has only one mitochondrion.
It lacks subdivision into separate cells.
The image shows an electron micrograph of mesophyll cells. What is the name of the structure labelled X?
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory?
They are found in multicellular organisms.
They contain more than one nucleus.
They are specialized for movement.
They do not carry out mitosis.
What provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotic cells
70s ribosomes in prokaryotic cells
Gene transfer from prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells using plasmids.
Prokaryotic cells (Escherichia coli) in the large intestines digest proteins.
The statement relates the Pasteur's experiments. What did this statement suggest?
Mold evolved by endosymbiosis.
Oxygen is required for anaerobic respiration.
Cells can only be formed by division of pre-existing cells.
Nutrients are a requirement for mold growth.
Which functions of life are carried out by all unicellular organisms.
response, homeostasis, growth and photosynthesis
metabolism, ventilation, reproduction and nutrition
response, homeostasis, metabolism and growth
reproduction, ventilation, response and nutrition
A botanist measures a leaf and finds it is 24 cm long and 8 cm wide. His drawing of the leaf is 4 cm wide. Which was the magnification and length of his drawing, assuming that the proportions of the drawing were correct?
scale: x2; length: 48 cm
scale: x2; length: 12 cm
scale: x0.5; length: 48 cm
scale: x0.5; length: 12 cm
What is the structure labeled X in the electron micrograph of a rat liver cell?
ribosome
lysosome
mitochondrion
nucleus
Which sequence shows increasing relative size?
membrane thickness < virus < bacterium
molecule < virus < membrane thickness
bacterium < virus < eukaryotic cell
bacterium < organelle < virus
Florey and Chain's penicillin experiments would not be compliant with current protocols on testing. How was their work out of compliance?
They did animal testing.
They testing on humans after animal testing with only eight mice.
They did not use sterile technique for culturing the bacteria.
They used lethal quantities of bacteria during their tests.
Why are antibiotics effective in curing diseases against some pathogens but not others?
I. Antibiotics interrupt processes found in some but not all pathogen cells.
II. Some pathogens have no metabolic processes to interrupt.
III. Some pathogens have developed genetic resistance to specific antibiotics.
I only
II only
III only
I, II, and III
Florey and Chain injected four mice with Streptococcus bacteria and then penicillin and all four mice recovered from the infection. What would be essential to show that penicillin caused their recovery?
A control group that was infected but not teated with penicillin
Experiments to test for effects of penicillin on other bacteria
Experiments to test for effects of different dosages of penicillin in mice.
Determination of the chemical structure of penicillin.
In Florey and Chain's experiment, eight mice were infected with lethal doses of Streptococcus bacterial. The four mice given penicillin survived, but the untreated mice died. What can be concluded from these results?
The experiment should be repeated with more mice.
There is a causal relationship between the use of penicillin and antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Penicillin can be used to treat bacterial infections in humans.
Penicillin may have played a role in the recovery of the four mice.
Which statement is true for the antibiotic penicillin?
Watson and Crick developed the usage of penicillin.
Penicillin blocks processes unique to eukaryotic cells.
Viruses lack metabolism and penicillin has no effect on them.
Florey and Chain sequenced the genome of Penicllium notatum.
Why are antibiotics effective against pathogenic bacteria?
Bacteria have a high rate of mutation.
Bacterial cell processes are blocked.
Bacteria have a slow metabolism.
Bacteria assimilate antibiotics.
A polymer of alpha-D-glucose found in plants has mostly 1,4 linkages and some 1,6 linkages. Which molecule fits this description?
glycogen
cellulose
amylose
amylopectin
What type of molecule is shown in this diagram?
trans saturated fatty acid
cis unsaturated fatty acid
cis saturated fatty acid
trans unsaturated fatty acid
Glucose is absorbed through protein channels in the plasma membrane of epithelium cells in the small intestine. Which characteristics of glucose prevent its diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer?
it is non-polar and therefore hydrophobic
its hydrogen bonds link with amino acids in the protein channel
it is polar and therefore hydrophilic
its covalent bonds interact with the phospholipids
What characteristic shows that this steroid molecule is a lipid?
it is made of carbon rings
it has a very low proportion of oxygen to carbon
it contains OH groups as do fatty acids
it is made only of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
Glucose is absorbed through protein channels in the plasma membrane of epithelium cells in the small intestine. Which characteristics of glucose prevent its diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer?
it is non-polar and therefore hydrophobic
its hydrogen bonds link with amino acids in the protein channel
it is polar and therefore hydrophilic
its covalent bonds interact with the phospholipids
What characteristic shows that this steroid molecule is a lipid?
it is made of carbon rings
it has a very low proportion of oxygen to carbon
it contains OH groups as do fatty acids
it is made only of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
The diagram shows the structure of palmitic acid. What type of fatty acid is palmitic acid?
it is monosaturated
it is polyunsaturated
it is saturated
it is a trans-fatty acid
What is a role of cholesterol in animal cells?
it increases body fat
it controls membrane fluidity
it lines the inner wall of capillaries
it is a constituent of bile
Which molecule diagram corresponds to the name?
Which molecule is a sugar?
What molecule is a polysaccharide?
glucagon
glycose
glycerol
glycogen
What molecule is a polysaccharide?
glucagon
glycose
glycerol
glycogen
Which substance is used for structure in plants?
amylopectin
cellulose
collagen
starch
In which compounds would a double bond link carbon to oxygen (C=O)?
I. amino acid
II. fatty acid
III. glycerol
I and II only
II and III only
I and III only
I, II, and III
That is the maximum number of fatty acids that can be condensed with glycerol?
one
two
three
four
Which described these molecules correctly?
I: ribose II: amino acid
I: glucose II: amino acid
I: ribose II: fatty acid
I: glucose II: fatty acid
Which of the following molecules is ribose?
Which type of chemical reaction is an example of anabolism?
photolysis
combustion
hydrolysis
condensation
What feature of carbon makes it most suitable as a basis for life?
its abundance in nature
its bonding properties
its reactivity to light
its presence in the earthly atmosphere of the earth
Which reaction is an example of catabolism?
photolysis of water
denaturation of a protein by a change in pH
production of maltose from amylose by amylase
condensation of glucose to form starch
Which molecule diagram correctly corresponds to the name?
The diagram shows the structure of palmitic acid.
What type of fatty acid is palmitic acid?
monounsaturated
polyunsaturated
saturated
trans-fatty acid
What characteristic shows that this steroid molecule is a lipid?
It is made of carbon rings.
It has a very low proportion of oxygen to carbon.
It contains OH groups as do fatty acids.
It is made only of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Which molecule can be hydrolyzed? (aka Which is NOT a monomer?)
glycerol
maltose
fructose
galactose
The image shows the structural formula of a molecule.
What is this molecule?
amino acid
ribose
deoxyribose
lactose
Which types of molecules are shown in the diagrams?
Molecule I: amino acid
Molecule II: fatty acid
Molecule III: ribose
Molecule I: glucose
Molecule II: amino acid
Molecule III: fatty acid
Molecule I: ribose
Molecule II: amino acid
Molecule III: fatty acid
Molecule I: fatty acid
Molecule II: glucose
Molecule III: amino acid
What type of molecule is formed by the chemical reaction shown in the diagram?
dipeptide
disaccharide
diglyceride
cellulose
The diagram shows a type of fatty acid. What type of fatty acid is shown?
trans unsaturated
cis unsaturated
trans saturated
cis saturated
The diagram shows two polysaccharides, formed from condensation of many glucose molecules. What are the names of X and Y?
X: glycogen
Y: amylose
X: amylopectin
Y: amylase
X: amylase
Y: glycogen
X: amylose
Y: amylopectin
Which molecule represents a lipid?
Which sugars are examples of a monosaccharide and disaccharide?
A
B
C
D
Which are functions of lipids
hydrophilic solvent and energy storage
hydrophobic solvent and membrane potential
thermal insulation and energy storage
thermal insulation and hydrophilic solvent
Which graph represents the change in cell surface area to volume ratio with increasing cell diameter?
Which process(es) occur(s) by osmosis?
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
Which substance must be transported in the blood by lipoprotein complexes?
Cholesterol
Oxygen
Sodium chloride
Amino acids
What is found in insulin molecules?
Phosphates
Nucleotides
Peptide bonds
Glycerol
The graph shows the results of an investigation into the activity of turnip peroxidase. The accumulation of the product of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is shown at different pH values.
Based on the data in the graph, what is most probably the optimum pH for turnip peroxidase?
Between 3 and 5
Between 10 and 11
Between 7 and 8
Between 9 and 10
The table shows concentrations of potassium ions and sodium ions inside and outside human cells.
What explains these concentrations?
Potassium ions diffuse in and sodium ions diffuse out.
Sodium ions diffuse in and potassium ions diffuse out.
Active transport pumps sodium ions in and potassium ions out.
Active transport pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in.
Where do hydrogen bonds form?
Between the slight negative charge of hydrogen and slight positive charge of oxygen within a water molecule
Between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen within a water molecule
Between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen in different water molecules
Between the slight negative charge of hydrogen and slight positive charge of oxygen in different water molecules
Which is an essential feature of the Davson–Danielli model of membrane structure?
A phospholipid monolayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins
A layer of protein sandwiched between two layers of lipid
A phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins
A layer of lipid sandwiched between two layers of protein
Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.2 J g–1 K–1 at room temperature, a latent heat of vaporization equal to 2257 J g–1, and a boiling point of 100 °C. What are the specific heat capacity, latent heat of vaporization and boiling point of methane?
A
B
C
D
What part of the plasma membrane is fluid, allowing the movement of proteins in accordance with the fluid mosaic model?
A
B
C
D
What feature of carbon makes it most suitable as a basis for life?
Its abundance in nature
Its bonding properties
Its reactivity to light
Its presence in the early atmosphere of the Earth
Researchers have developed a skin patch which can detect and measure very small concentrations of ions, sugars, amino acids, proteins and hormones which remain when sweat evaporates. What allows the presence of these substances in sweat?
Cohesion
Hydrophobic interactions
Solvent properties
Thermal properties
Which molecule regulates the fluidity of cell membranes?
Phospholipid
Cholesterol
Glycoprotein
Peripheral protein
At room temperature, water is a liquid and methane is a gas. Which molecular property explains this difference?
Higher molecular mass of water
Dipolarity of water
Presence of more hydrogen in methane
Higher boiling point of methane
Which type of transportation happens in the sodium–potassium pump?
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
Active transport
The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8%. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium becomes 5%. What will be the likely response?
The cell will gain water from the medium.
The cell will lose salt to the medium.
The cell will remain unchanged.
The cell will shrink from loss of water.
In the diagram, which structure is an intrinsic or integral protein?
A
B
C
D
In the diagram, which part of the membrane structure does the molecule below form?
A
B
C
D
What feature of carbon makes it most suitable as a basis for life?
Its abundance in nature
Its bonding properties
Its reactivity to light
Its presence in the early atmosphere of the Earth
Researchers have developed a skin patch which can detect and measure very small concentrations of ions, sugars, amino acids, proteins and hormones which remain when sweat evaporates. What allows the presence of these substances in sweat?
Cohesion
Hydrophobic interactions
Solvent properties
Thermal properties
Which molecule regulates the fluidity of cell membranes?
Phospholipid
Cholesterol
Glycoprotein
Peripheral protein
At room temperature, water is a liquid and methane is a gas. Which molecular property explains this difference?
Higher molecular mass of water
Dipolarity of water
Presence of more hydrogen in methane
Higher boiling point of methane
Which type of transportation happens in the sodium–potassium pump?
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
Active transport
The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8%. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium becomes 5%. What will be the likely response?
The cell will gain water from the medium.
The cell will lose salt to the medium.
The cell will remain unchanged.
The cell will shrink from loss of water.
In the diagram, which structure is an intrinsic or integral protein?
A
B
C
D
In the diagram, which part of the membrane structure does the molecule below form?
A
B
C
D
Which molecule could be hydrolyzed into amino acids?
Which property of water accounts for its moderating effects on the Earth’s atmosphere?
Cohesive
Thermal
Transparency
Adhesive
Which evidence falsifies the Davson-Danielli model?
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
Glucose is absorbed through protein channels in the plasma membrane of epithelium cells in the small intestine. Which characteristics of glucose prevent its diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer?
It is non-polar and therefore hydrophobic.
Its hydrogen bonds link with amino acids in the protein channel.
It is polar and therefore hydrophilic.
Its covalent bonds interact with the phospholipids.
Which can be explained by the solvent properties of water?
Sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl– in blood.
Movement of water occurs under tension in the xylem.
Water is the coolant in sweat.
Ice floats on liquid water.
The cell membrane model proposed by Davson–Danielli was a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched between two layers of globular protein. Which evidence led to the acceptance of the Singer–Nicolson model?
The orientation of the hydrophilic phospholipid heads towards the proteins
The formation of a hydrophobic region on the surface of the membrane
The placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membrane
The interactions due to amphipathic properties of phospholipids
The giant marine alga Halicystis ovalis is able to move sodium ions from vacuoles to the surrounding seawater through active transport. Which condition or feature is required for this mode of transport?
Movement from a region of higher sodium concentration to a region of lower sodium concentration
A partially permeable surface
Membrane fluidity
Transmembrane proteins
Which is an effect of protein denaturation?
The order of amino acids is changed when the protein overheats.
The bonds between amino acids are broken by condensation.
Parts of the protein become linked together by hydrolysis.
The three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered.
The diagram is a model of one type of movement across a membrane.
What is this type of movement?
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
The image represents a model of the protein transthyretin.
Which level of structure is indicated by X on the image?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
The diagram shows a plasma membrane. Which molecule is labelled X?
Cholesterol
Glycoprotein
Phospholipid
Amylase
What is osmosis?
The movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute concentration
The movement of solutes through a membrane from a high to a low water concentration
The movement of water through a membrane from a high to a low solute concentration
The movement of solutes through a membrane from a low to a high water concentration
What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms?
calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium
calcium, sodium, nitrogen and phosphorus
carbon, phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen
nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
Which describes the role of amino acids in the channels of membrane proteins used for facilitated diffusion?
Polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophilic molecules can pass.
Polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophobic molecules can pass.
Non-polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophilic molecules can pass.
Non-polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophobic molecules can pass.
What property of water makes it suitable as a coolant?
It takes a lot of energy to increase the temperature of water.
It takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate.
Water molecules are cohesive and stick to the skin.
Water is a good solvent so it can transport heat from the body.
What happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows?
It decreases, so production of waste material is reduced.
It increases, so mineral ion absorption is increased.
It increases, so osmosis is reduced.
It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low.
