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Spring 2021 FINAL EOC REVIEW

Total questions: 112

Worksheet time: 2hrs 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier called a(n)
a)
electron microscopy
b)
cell wall
c)
cell membrane
d)
photo cell
2.
_____ are located near the nucleus, help organize cell division, and are not found in plant cells.
a)
vacuoles
b)
centrioles
c)
chloroplasts
d)
organelles
3.
Particles moving from a high concentration to a lower concentration are demonstrating _____.
a)
diffusion
b)
confusion
c)
permeable response to environment
d)
permanent membrane
4.
Molecules that are unable to diffuse across the membrane may use _____ ____ or special protein channels to pass through,
a)
permits glucosomine
b)
permits forfietures
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
optional optusion
5.
The ____ ____ gives cell membranes a flexible structure
a)
lipid bilayer
b)
lipid loped
c)
loped liped
d)
multi lingual
6.
When the membrane allows one substance to pass but not another it is said to be ____ ___
a)
picky picky
b)
selectively blind
c)
selectively permeable
d)
permeable lock
7.
Relatively stable internal and external conditions is referred to as ______.
a)
homeopathy
b)
homo-sapiens
c)
homogenous
d)
homeostasis
8.
Enyzmes are a very important type of protein used to
a)
Build bones in skeleton
b)
Send hormonal signals throughout body
c)
Speed up chemical reactions
d)
Photosynthesize glucose in plants
9.
What is a protein: 
a)
A polymer composed of many sugars.
b)
A polymer composed of many amino acids. 
c)
A polymer composed of fatty acids. 
d)
A polymer composed of nucleotides. 
10.
When a protein unfolds, it is
a)
Denatured
b)
Building
c)
Adding amino acids
d)
Making food
11.
Enzymes are...
a)
Proteins
b)
Nucleic Acids
c)
Sugars
d)
Lipids
12.
What is one function of the other pigments  besides chlorophyll, in the chloroplast?
a)
to block damaging wavelengths of light
b)
to absorb different wavelengths than the chloroplasts
c)
to provide different colors to the leaves
d)
to transfer energy to a separate photosystem beside the one using chlorophyll a and b.
13.
Which of the following molecules is not needed for the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2
b)
ATP
c)
NADPH
d)
H2O
14.
Green plants reflect ________ light.
a)
Red
b)
Green
c)
All
d)
Red and Violet
15.
The light reactions occur in the ________ and the dark reactions take place in the ________.
a)
Chloroplast / thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma / thylakoid
c)
mesophyl / stomata
d)
thylakoid membrane / stroma
16.
Where is glucose synthesized
a)
Photosystem II
b)
Photosystem I
c)
Calvin Cycle
d)
Glycolysis
17.
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
a)
stroma of the chloroplast
b)
thylakoid membrane
c)
outer membrane of the chloroplast
d)
interior of the thylakoid membrane
18.
When does crossing over occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
Prophase 1
c)
Prophase 2
d)
Metaphase 1
19.

If a stem cell (body cell) has 24 chromosomes, how many will it have at the end of meiosis?

a)

24

b)

12

c)

6

d)

the number varies per species

20.

Meiosis results in ______.

a)

4 genetically unique haploid gametes

b)

4 genetically unique diploid cells

c)

2 genetically identical cells

d)

4 genetically identical cells

21.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
22.

Two processes that increase genetic variation during meiosis are crossing over and _____

a)

Synapsis

b)

Tetrad

c)

Independent assortment

d)

Gameiosis

23.

A haploid cell has

a)

three sets of chromosomes

b)

one set of chromosomes

c)

two sets of chromosomes

d)

four sets of chromosomes

24.
What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?
a)
Haploid Gametes
b)
Diploid Somatic Cells
c)
Skin Cells
d)
Liver Cells
25.

Haploid cells are represented by

a)

2n

b)

n

c)

1/2 n

d)

4n

26.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
27.
DNA is replicated during ______ of the cell cycle.
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
G0
28.
Why do cells go through cell division
a)
Growth
b)
Reproduction
c)
Repair
d)
All of the above
29.
What is the sex of this individual?
a)
female
b)
male
30.

What are two types of Nucleic acids?

a)

DNA & BNA

b)

DNA & NNA

c)

RNA & fRNA

d)

DNA & RNA

31.

What composes a semi-permeable membrane?

a)

Proteins

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Phospholipids

d)

Fatty acids

32.

What are simple sugars that serve as a building block for carbohydrates?

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Disaccharides

c)

Polysaccharides

d)

I have no clue. I'm just selecting random answers waiting for the game to be over

33.

A fat that is solid at room temperature. (ex. Animal fat)

a)

Saturated Fat

b)

Supersaturated Fat

c)

Unsaturated Fat

d)

I haven't answered a question since the first one

34.

A fat that is liquid at room temperature because of the kinks in the molecule. (ex. Plant oils)

a)

Supersaturated

b)

Unsaturated

c)

Saturated

d)

I am playing games on my phone now.

35.

This egg has shrunk, what type of solution was it placed in?

a)

hypotonic solution

b)

hypertonic solution

c)

isotonic solution

36.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
37.

In an isotonic solution which way will the water flow

a)

it will not flow at all

b)

it will flow into the cell

c)

it will flow both ways at equal rates

d)

out of the cell

38.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
a)
Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)
b)
Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy
c)
Active stores transport proteins and passive releases 
d)
Active uses hormones and passive does not 
39.

In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the

a)

more similar their habitats are.

b)

less similar their DNA sequences are.

c)

more recently they shared a common ancestor.

d)

less likely they are to have the same genes in common.

e)

more similar they are in size.

40.

Homologous structures are often cited as evidence for evolution. All of the following are examples of homologous structures EXCEPT

a)

the wings of a bird and with wings of a bat

b)

the flippers of a whale and the arms of a man

c)

the pectoral fins of a porpoise and the flippers of a seal

d)

the forelegs of an insect and the forelimbs of a dog

e)

the hind legs of a lizard and the legs of a chicken.

41.
How does carbon dioxide leave the atmosphere?
a)
Through transpiration
b)
Through photosynthesis
c)
Through factory emission
d)
Sunlight
42.
Which process takes Carbon Dioxide from the air and converts it into a form of carbon used by living things?
a)
Precipitation
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Respiration
d)
Bioremdiation
43.

Cellular respiration is the process by which ____________ is consumed and _______________ is produced.

a)

Carbon, Oxygen

b)

Oxygen, Carbon dioxide

c)

H20, oxygen

d)

Carbon, H2O

44.
Organisms use nitrogen to form
a)
carbohydrates and lipids
b)
proteins and lipids
c)
lipids and nucleic acids
d)
proteins and nucleic acids
45.
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by
a)
Burning fossil fuels 
b)
Cellular respiration
c)
Decomposing organic matter
d)
All answers are correct
46.

Based on the diagram, what would be the most likely effect of a mutation in the YUC gene?

a)

The Trp-T enzyme would not function

b)

I3PA would not be produced

c)

IAA would not be produced

d)

The Trp-T gene would be mutated

47.
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
a)
central vacuole
b)
chloroplast
c)
wall made of cellulose
d)
mitochondrion
48.

What is the role of ribosomes?

a)

To store genetic information.

b)

To produce glycolipids.

c)

To synthesize proteins.

d)

To hydrolyze waste materials.

49.

Which of the following is a difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

a)

Smooth ER exists in a part of the cell near the cell membrane, while rough ER exists in a part of the cell near the nucleus.

b)

Smooth ER is not studded by ribosomes, while rough ER is studded by ribosomes.

c)

Smooth ER is meant to compartmentalize the cell, while rough ER detoxifies and synthesizes lipids.

d)

Smooth ER is made without the additional help of proteins, whereas rough ER is made with the help of special proteins called reticuloproteins.

50.

In plants, what is the primary function of vacuoles?

a)

To maintain water pressure inside of the cell.

b)

To remove waste from inside of the cell.

c)

To store nutrients inside of the cell.

d)

To synthesize new membranes for the cell.

51.

Which of the following correctly describes hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the cellular membrane?

a)

The hydrophobic region is made of phosphates, and the hydrophilic region is made of lipids.

b)

The hydrophobic region is 'water-loving', and the hydrophilic region is 'water-fearing'.

c)

The hydrophobic region is polar, and the hydrophilic region is non-polar.

d)

The hydrophobic region faces inward in the interior of the membrane, the hydrophilic region faces outwards towards the aqueous environment.

52.

Which of the following describes a solution that has a higher concentration than the internal environment of the cell?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypertonic

d)

Transtonic

53.

Which of the following membrane-bound organelles evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?

a)

Nuclei and plasmids.

b)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

c)

Vacuoles and lysosomes.

d)

Centrioles and microtubules.

54.
Which biomolecule is mainly hydrocarbons and therefore very hydrophobic?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
nucleic acid
c)
protein
d)
lipid
55.
DNA & RNA are examples of this type of macromolecule.
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
56.
C6H12O6 is the formula for which sugar?
a)
glucose
b)
frucotose
c)
maltose
d)
sucrose
57.
What makes up a protein?
a)
Monosaccharide
b)
Amino Acid
c)
Disaccharide
d)
Fatty Acid
58.
Which of these is NOT a nucleic acid?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Fatty Acid
d)
All of these are Nucleic Acids
59.
What molecule is this?
a)
this is a monosaccharide
b)
this is a polysaccharide
c)
this is a protein
d)
this is a lipid
60.
 What molecule is this?
a)
this is a monosaccharide
b)
this is a polysaccharide
c)
this is a protein
d)
this is a lipid
61.
What is the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to protein? (Central Dogma)
a)
RNA to DNA to protein
b)
DNA to RNA to protein
c)
protein to DNA to RNA
d)
RNA to protein to DNA
62.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
63.
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Rough E.R.
64.
Translation occurs:
a)
Outside of the Nucleus
b)
Inside of the Nucleus
65.
Translation is performed by:
a)
Ribosomes 
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Golgi Bodies
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum 
66.

Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum?

a)

An amoeba engulfing small ciliates

b)

A bioluminescent bacterial cell

c)

A pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes

d)

A functional cell at maturity functioning in transporting hormones

67.

What macromolecule class is represented by the picture above?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

68.

Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and

viruses?

a)

cell division

b)

genetic material composed of nucleic acid

c)

ribosomes

d)

metabolism

69.
Why do doctors suggest people get a flu vaccine every year?
a)
Flu viruses replicate more rapidly over time
b)
Flu viruses can mutate from year to year
c)
Vaccines are absorbed by the body after a year
d)
Vaccines get stronger over time
70.
Seals the Okazaki fragments together
a)
DNA Polymerase
b)
ligase
c)
helicase
d)
primase
71.

How do the leading and the lagging strands differ?

a)

The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

b)

The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand.

c)

The leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized continuously.

d)

The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5? end.

72.
Which enzyme is needed to start DNA replication?
a)
DNA Polymerase
b)
Topoisomerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
73.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
74.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
75.
Plant cells placed in a hypotonic environment
a)
will remain turgid, due to the elastic cell wall.
b)
will lyse without special adaptations to combat water-concentration fluctuations.
c)
will shrivel, due to the loss of water from the large central vacuole.
d)
will remain flaccid, due to an ineffective central vacuole.
76.

If 2n = 48 for a particular cell, then the chromosome number in each cell after meiosis would be

a)

96

b)

48

c)

24

d)

12

77.
If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of?
a)
dominance
b)
codominance
c)
multiple alleles
d)
incomplete dominance
78.

An alternate form of a gene for a specific trait or gene product

a)

genotype

b)

allele

c)

gene

d)

phenotype

79.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
aB, ab, AB, Ab
b)
aB, Ab, AB, AB
c)
AB, aB, AB, Ab
d)
aB, ab, aB, ab
80.

Chromosomes with genes for traits unrelated to sex are called

a)

autosomes

b)

complete

c)

deutosomes

d)

linked genes

81.
_____ are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei.
a)
Phototophylites
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Eukaryote
d)
LocoKaryotes
82.

How does the active site of an enzyme determine the substrate for that enzyme?

a)

The active site has the right polarity to interact with the substrate.

b)

The active site is hydrophobic and interacts with other hydrophobic amino acids on the substrate

c)

The active site has a specific shape that fits the shape of the substrate

d)

The active site uses energy to form covalent bonds with the substrate

83.

Enzymes ___________________ activation energy to speed up chemical reactions.

a)

increase

b)

decrease

84.

Why do plants not store 100% of the light energy absorbed by chlorophyll in glucose molecules?

a)

Most of the energy is used to power the reaction or is lost as heat

b)

Plants do not have a high energy requirement, so they do not need to convert 100% of the energy

c)

The energy is used to power ATP synthase proteins on the thylakoid membrane

d)

The remaining energy is used actively transport oxygen out of the cell.

85.

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

a)

CO2 concentration

b)

H2O available

c)

Temperature

d)

Light intensity

e)

All of the above

86.

When will lactic acid build up in animal cells?

a)

When there is excess carbon dioxide

b)

When the cells produce too much ATP

c)

When there is not enough oxygen to fuel the mitochondria

d)

When the cells need to remove excess oxygen to avoid damaging their components.

87.

A mutation resulting in the change of one amino acid

a)

substitution-missense

b)

substitution-silent

c)

frameshift-insertion

d)

frameshift-deletion

88.

What is the purpose of translation?

a)

to replicate DNA before cell division

b)

to assemble mRNA into a chain

c)

to synthesize amino acids that open up the DNA

d)

to use the genetic code to form a specific sequence of amino acids

89.

What type of organism makes its own food?

a)

Autotroph

b)

Heterotroph

90.

Large molecules made up of small monomers are called

a)

polymers

b)

monomer

c)

allotrope

d)

functional group

91.
The purpose of meiosis is to form ________ cells.
a)
body
b)
sex
c)
somatic
d)
brain
92.
Crossing over helps promote 
a)
male genotype
b)
genetic variation
c)
DNA replication
d)
mitosis
93.
How many alleles do you get from each parent?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
23
d)
46
94.
This is an example of ___________.
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Codominance
95.
All of the following are density-dependent factors that limit animal populations EXCEPT.
a)
weather
b)
predation
c)
food competition
d)
birthrate
96.
Which point on the graph represents carrying capacity?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
97.
Refer to the diagram of the survivorship curve.
Which curve best describes an organism that invests a lot of energy in parenting?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
this is not a survivorship curve
98.
The maximum population size for a species based on the environmental factors is called
a)
ecological footprint
b)
carrying capacity 
c)
population growth
d)
environmental capacity
99.

What types of organisms are producers?

a)

autotrophs

b)

apex predators

c)

heterotrophs

d)

keystone species

100.

If the producer level of an ecosystem has 750,000 J of energy, how much energy would be passed on to the secondary consumers?

a)

75,000 J

b)

7,500 J

c)

750 J

d)

75 J

101.

How does competition affect population?

a)

Most populations do not have competition

b)

It maximizes the carrying capacity of an ecosystem

c)

It limits population sizes and drives natural selection

d)

It benefits both species and increases their populations

102.

How do invasive species impact ecosystems?

a)

The increase density dependent limiting factors

b)

They establish themselves as new keystone species in an area

c)

The open up new niches in the ecosystem

d)

They outcompete native species and overpopulate the area

103.

Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?

a)

near universality of the genetic code

b)

structure of the nucleus

c)

structure of cilia

d)

structure of chloroplasts

104.

Which type of specialized cell has many mitochondria and changes size (contracts)?

a)

red blood cells

b)

squamous (skin) cells

c)

muscle cells

d)

white blood cells (macrophages)

e)

nerve cells (neurons)

105.

Which type of specialized cell carries electrical signals through the body to the brain?

a)

red blood cells

b)

squamous (skin) cells

c)

muscle cells

d)

white blood cells (macrophages)

e)

nerve cells (neurons)

106.

What type of cells contain a nucleus?

a)

Just plant cells

b)

Just bacteria cells

c)

Only animal cells

d)

Both animal and plant cells

107.

What extra organelles are found in plant cells only

a)

Chloroplasts, Nucleus and Cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus only

c)

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

d)

Chloroplasts, Cell wall and Vacoule

108.

Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is composed of adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups. The phosphate groups have a negative charge and as a result the bonds holding them onto the molecule are weak thus easily broken. Which of the following best explains why ATP serves as a common energy source for organisms?

a)

Traces of ATP have been found in fossils of ancient organisms dating back to the beginning of life on Earth

b)

ATP energy can be easily transferred to do cellular work.

c)

ATP is extremely stable and can be stored in the cell for long periods of time.

d)

ATP is the smallest energy molecule.

109.
A ______________ is composed of a phosphate and glycerol head and 2 fatty acid chain tails. 
a)
phospholipid 
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Cholesterol 
d)
Protein 
110.
___________ have 2 functions in the cell membrane.
1.) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in. 
2.) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
111.
A cell in a hypotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink 
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
112.
Breads, rice, & pasta are examples of foods that contain this macromoleucle
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids

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