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Graves Bethlehem Regents Questions Topic 1

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 1hrs 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Certain seaweeds contain a greater concentration of iodine inside their cells than there is in the seawater surrounding them. The energy required to maintain this concentration difference is most closely associated with the action of

a)

ribosomes

b)

mitochondria

c)

vacuoles

d)

nuclei

2.

An ameba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process the digested food. From this, we can best infer that

a)

all single-celled organisms have lysosomes to digest food

b)

amebas are capable of digesting any type of food molecule

c)

single-celled organisms are as complex as multicellular organisms

d)

structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms

3.

Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. If the human body cannot sweat properly, it cannot cool itself, which is potentially harmful.

Anhidrosis most directly interferes with:

a)

a feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis

b)

an immune system response to harmless antigens

c)

the synthesis of hormones in the circulatory system

d)

the enzymatic breakdown of water in cells

4.

Which group of organisms in an ecosystem fills the niche of recycling organic matter back to the environment?

a)

carnivores

b)

decomposers

c)

producers

d)

predators

5.

The process of transferring energy during respiration occurs in a series of steps. This prevents too much heat from being released at one time. Maintaining an appropriate temperature is beneficial to an organism because

a)

enzymes need a proper range of temperatures to catalyze vital reactions

b)

cellular waste products can only be excreted in cooler temperatures

c)

hormones can only produce antibodies if temperatures are not excessive

d)

nutrients diffuse faster into cells when temperatures are lower

6.

Fruits and vegetables exposed to air begin to brown because of a chemical reaction in their cells. This may result in these foods being thrown out. Some people have found that adding lemon juice (citric acid) to apple slices keeps them from turning brown. The prevention of browning is likely the result of

a)

increasing the concentration of enzymes

b)

increasing the temperature

c)

slowing the rate of enzyme action

d)

maintaining the pH

7.

Since the early 1990s, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been widely used to treat acid reflux disease. Although clinical tests in the 1980s deemed PPIs to be safe for humans, in 2012 the FDA announced warnings that long-term use of PPIs could increase the risk of bone fractures, kidney disease, and some intestinal infections.


Which statement best explains why the safety of PPIs is now in question when clinical experiments in the 1980s provided evidence that they were safe?

a)

Researchers have been able to collect more data than were available in the 1980s.

b)

Fewer people had acid reflux in the 1980s compared to today.

c)

The medication containing PPIs has changed since the 1980s when tests were done.

d)

The original experiments in the 1980s used only test animals and did not use human subjects.

8.
The failure of the human body to effectively maintain dynamic equilibrium can result in
a)
 reproductive success
b)
 gene manipulation
c)
 differentiation
d)
 disease
9.
Riding a bicycle requires balance and constant adjustment and monitoring by the rider in order to continue cycling. Successfully riding a bicycle most directly results from the ability to
a)
 sexually reproduce
b)
 grow and develop
c)
detect and respond to change
d)
 metabolize food for energy
10.
In the cells of the human body, oxygen molecules are used directly in a process that
a)
 releases energy
b)
 digests fat
c)
synthesizes carbohydrate molecules
d)
 alters the genetic traits of the cell
11.
Which statement explains the importance of maintaining a constant internal environment to ensure proper enzyme functioning?
a)
 Changes in pH and temperature will cause the enzyme reaction rate to be too fast.
b)
Temperature and pH determine amino acid sequences in enzymes
c)
Changes in pH will change the genetic instructions of enzymes
d)
Increasing the temperature and pH can alter the specific shape of enzymes.
12.
Although the digestive system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food, this process can be disrupted if the circulatory system malfunctions. The best explanation for this disruption is that
a)
human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions
b)
 the circulatory system is the control center of the body
c)
 the digestive system and the circulatory system have many organs in common
d)
the circulatory system is responsible for the coordination of life functions, including the breakdown of food
13.

Where is DNA stored in a cell?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Vacuole

14.

What is homeostasis?

a)

Being home

b)

Tendency towards a dynamic equilibrium

c)

Cooling of the body

d)

Metabolism

15.

What are the levels of organization?

a)

organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

b)

Tissue, organ system, organelle, organ, cell

c)

Organism, organelle, tissue, organ system, cell, organ

d)

Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

16.

What is this called:

a)

Gel Electrophoresis

b)

Chemical Reaction

c)

Protein Synthesis

d)

Lock and Key Model

17.
Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis?
a)
nucleus and chloroplast
b)
ribosome and vacuole
c)
nucleus and ribosome
d)
mitochondria and cell membrane
18.
A function of cell membranes in humans is the 
a)
synthesis of the amino acids
b)
production of energy
c)
replication of genetic material
d)
recognition of certain chemicals
19.
Which statement is supported by the information in the graph below?
a)
The enzymes respond in a similar way to changes in temperature.
b)
The enzymes in bacteria function best at 40°C.
c)
The enzymes function best at the same temperature.
d)
The enzymes break down the same substances.Listen
20.
Base your answer to the question on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The temperature range in a pond in which all three fish species could grow and survive is most likely
a)
2°C to 8°C
b)
12°C to 18°C
c)
22°C to 28°C
d)
32°C to 38°C
21.
What observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is nonliving?
a)
It passes on hereditary information only through asexual reproduction
b)
It carries out synthesis
c)
It cannot perform metabolic processes
d)
it is composed of a cell, but does not have tissues
22.
The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine
a)
oxygen molcules
b)
simple sugars
c)
amino acids
d)
biological catalyts
23.

White blood cells are most closely associated with which two body systems?

a)

circulatory and digestive

b)

immune and circulatory

c)

digestive and excretory

d)

excretory and immune

24.

The diagram illustrates the release of chemical A from a human cell in response to a specific stimulus. Which cell structure plays a direct role in the release of this chemical from the cell?

a)

nucleus

b)

ribosome

c)

chloroplast

d)

cell membrane

25.

Which sequence best represents the levels of organization in a paramecium, a single-celled organism?

a)

cells —› tissues —› organs —› organ systems —› organism

b)

organelles —› organ systems —› organism

c)

cells —› organs —› organ systems —› organism

d)

organelles —› organism

26.

Although the digestive system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food, this process can be disrupted if the circulatory system malfunctions. The best explanation for this disruption is that

a)

human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions

b)

he circulatory system is the control center of the body

c)

the digestive system and the circulatory system have many organs in common

d)

the circulatory system is responsible for the coordination of life functions, including the breakdown of food

27.

The basic building blocks of a protein are

a)

glucose molecules

b)

amino acids

c)

hormones

d)

fats

28.

Which statement concerning sexual reproduction is correct?

a)

It is not necessary in order for the individual to survive.

b)

The offspring are identical to the parent.

c)

It is necessary in order for the individual to survive.

d)

The offspring are identical to each other.

29.

Shrimp that live in the cold waters off Alaska will die if introduced into warm water. One likely reason these shrimp do not survive is that enzymes in the shrimp

a)

start to replicate

b)

change shape

c)

are composed of fat molecules that melt

d)

break down into small starch molecules

30.
Which statement explains the importance of maintaining a constant internal environment to ensure proper enzyme functioning?
a)
 Changes in pH and temperature will cause the enzyme reaction rate to be too fast.
b)
Temperature and pH determine amino acid sequences in enzymes
c)
Changes in pH will change the genetic instructions of enzymes
d)
Increasing the temperature and pH can alter the specific shape of enzymes.
31.
Which substance is an organic molecule?
a)
water
b)
oxygen
c)
sugar
d)
carbon dioxide
32.
Which substance is an inorganic molecule?
a)
water
b)
starch
c)
DNA
d)
fat
33.
The graph activity of which enzyme decreases in both acidic and basic environments? 
a)
chymotrypsin
b)
cholinesterase
c)
pepsin
d)
papain
34.
Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?
a)
The cell membrane prevents any harmful substance from entering the cell.
b)
The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.
c)
The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell.
d)
The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide out.
35.
The diagram below shows the relative concentration of molecules inside and outside of a cell.

Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?
a)
Glucose would diffuse into the cell.
b)
Protein would diffuse out of the cell.
c)
Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.
d)
Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.
36.
The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine
a)
oxygen molecules
b)
simple sugars
c)
amino acids
d)
biological catalysts
37.
 A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the
a)
 specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
b)
rate at which the enzyme breaks down during a reaction it regulates
c)
pH of all body systems
d)
temperature of the products of the reaction it regulates
38.
Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
39.
Which group consists entirely of organic molecules?
a)
protein, oxygen, fat
b)
protein, starch, fat
c)
water, carbon dioxide, oxygen
d)
water, starch, protein
40.
The shape of a protein molecule directly determines the
a)
movements through the cytoplasm
b)
functions inside and outside of cells
c)
roles in building water molecules
d)
circulation throughout the body
41.
An energy-rich organic compound needed by organisms is
a)
water
b)
salt
c)
oxygen
d)
glucose
42.
DNA & RNA are examples of what type of organic compound?
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
nucleic acids
d)
proteins
43.
Which of the following is NOT a lipid?
a)
fat 
b)
oil 
c)
wax
d)
starch
44.
Which organic compound is used for stored energy and cell structures?
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
nucleic acids
d)
proteins
45.
The sugars found in fruits are considered to be what type of organic compound?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
46.
Organic compounds must contain what element?
a)
carbon 
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorous
d)
calcium
47.
Fish absorb oxygen through the gills, earthworms absorb oxygen through the skin, amebas take in oxygen through the cell membranes, and cows inhale oxygen through the nasal passages into their lungs. This statement demonstrates that living things
a)
rely on similar or the same processes, but accomplish them in different ways
b)
rely on different processes and accomplish them in different way
c)
 rely on different processes, but perform them in the same or related ways
d)
have no relationship to one another, and are all independent individuals
48.
Before starch can enter a cell, it must be
a)
absorbed by simple sugars
b)
 diffused into simple sugars
c)
 digested to form simple sugars
d)
 actively transported by simple sugars
49.
 In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function of
a)
ribosomes
b)
mitochondria
c)
chloroplast
d)
vacuole
50.
In a multicellular organism, organs carry out a variety of life functions. In a single-celled organism, these functions are performed by
a)
Tissues
b)
Organs
c)
Organelles
d)
Organ Systems
51.
 In order for the human body to maintain homeostasis, the breakdown of glucose to release energy must be followed by the
a)
 production of oxygen
b)
division of the cell
c)
removal of wastes
d)
production of receptor molecules
52.

These groups of cells represent different

a)

tissues in which similar cells function together

b)

organs that help to carry out a specific life activity

c)

systems that are responsible for a specific life activity

d)

organelles that carry out different functions

53.

Homeostasis in unicellular organisms depends on the proper functioning of

a)

organelles

b)

insulin

c)

guard cells

d)

antibodies

54.

Photosynthesis is an example of

a)

autotrophic nutrition

b)

hetrotrophic nutrition

55.

In which organelle will autotrophic nutrition occur?

a)

the small black dots - ribosomes

b)

the solid black ovals - chloroplasts

c)

The large gray circle with a black dot inside - nucleus

d)

The outermost outline of the cell - cell wall

56.

Which statement is most closely associated with the diagram?

a)

small molecules are obtained from large molecules during digestion

b)

certain molecules are replicated by means of a template

c)

receptor molecules play an important role in communication between cells

d)

energy from nutrients is utilized for waste disposal

57.

A hormone enters the blood stream and only affects certain cells. This is because the membranes of these cells have specific

a)

receptors

b)

tissues

c)

antibodies

d)

carbohydrates

58.

Which two organ systems provide materials required for the human body to produce ATP?

a)

reproductive and excretory

b)

digestive and respiratory

c)

respiratory and immune

d)

digestive and reproductive

59.

The dissolved carbon dioxide in a lake is used most directly by

a)

autotrophs

b)

parasites

c)

fungi

d)

decomposers

60.

The diagram best illustrates the relationship between

a)

enzymes and synthesis

b)

amino acids and glucose

c)

antigens and immunity

d)

ribosomes and sugar

61.

Hereditary information is stored inside

a)

ribosomes, which have genes that contain many chromosomes

b)

nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes

c)

nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosoems

62.
Which organelle lets amino acids into the cell for protein production? 
a)
Nucleus
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondria
d)
cell membrane
63.
Which organelle acts like both the lungs and the excretory system
a)
nucleus
b)
cell membrane
c)
cell wall
d)
mitochondria
64.
Enzymes are made up of sequences of
a)
different sugars
b)
different nucleotides
c)
different amino acids
d)
different lipids
65.
Which organelles have their own DNA and can replicate independent of the cell? 
a)
virus and chloroplast
b)
virus and mitochondria
c)
mitochondria and chloroplast
66.
Starch is too big to diffuse into a cell so it must be digested into
a)
amino acids
b)
minerals
c)
fatty acids and glycerol
d)
simple sugars
67.
Which organelle makes enzymes? 
a)
ribosome
b)
mitochondria
c)
chloroplast
d)
lysosomes
68.

Botulinum toxin is a substance that can cause paralysis in humans. The effects of the toxin are due to the blocking of a signaling molecule that is necessary for communication between nerve cells. The toxin most likely interferes with the normal functioning of a

a)

chromosome

b)

DNA molecule

c)

receptor

d)

digestive hormone

69.

Organic compounds are used as building blocks for

a)

water, DNA, and starches

b)

water, proteins, and oxygen

c)

proteins, DNA, and carbon dioxide

d)

proteins, starches, and fats

70.

Amino acids bond together to form which type of complex molecule?

a)

protien

b)

starch

c)

fat

d)

sugar

71.

During periods of vigorous physical activity, a person’s breathing and heart rates increase. This enables the cells of the body to perform more efficiently because it helps the cells to

a)

remove waste products faster

b)

store excess glucose in muscles

c)

reduce the amount of ATP produced

d)

convert more oxygen to glucose

72.

In single-celled organisms, materials are stored primarily in

a)

ribosomes

b)

mitochondria

c)

nuclei

d)

vacuoles

73.

An ameba is a single-celled, heterotrophic organism. In order to meet its energy needs, it relies directly on the interaction of which cell structures?

a)

chloroplasts and the cell membrane

b)

the cell membrane and mitochondria

c)

nucleus and ribosomes

d)

vacuoles and the nucleus

74.

Which sequence best represents the levels of organization in a paramecium, a single-celled organism?

a)

cells→tissues→organs→organ systems→organism

b)

organelles→organ systems→organism

c)

cells→organs→organ systems→organism

d)

organelles→organism

75.

Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the structure labeled Y in both diagrams and the process it performs?

a)
b)
c)
d)
76.

The diagram represents changes that take place within the human body.


The diagram represents

a)

cellular differentiation

b)

dynamic equilibrium

c)

gene interaction

d)

biological evolution

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