Font size
WorksheetsEnd of Year Review
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 40mins
Human heart cells require a constant release of energy to function continuously. Which structure would be numerous in such cells to meet this demand?
Golgi bodies
nuclei
mitochondria
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mature red blood cells in mammals contain the protein hemoglobin but do not contain a nucleus. The nucleus is lost as the red blood cell matures. Which of the following can be concluded about mammalian red blood cells based on this information?
The cells store their DNA in ribosomes.
The cells have no functionality once the nucleus is lost.
The cells divide by meiosis to produce more red blood cells.
The cells perform transcription and translation before the nucleus is lost.
Which statement describes ALL prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm.
Materials are stored in vacuoles.
Chloroplasts are used for photosynthesis.
Cell walls provide shape and support.
Which of the following statements identifies the cell below?
This is a plant cell because it contains mitochondria.
This is an animal cell because it contains mitochondria.
This is a plant cell because it contains a cell wall.
This is an animal cell because it contains a cell wall.
Which statement correctly describes cells produced through asexual reproduction?
They are genetically identical to their parents.
They do not grow and divide.
They do not contain genetic material.
They have a unique set of genetic instructions, unlike their parents.
Which process can be a source of genetic variation?
copying of chromosomes
binary fission
mitosis
crossing over
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture below?
metaphase
telophase
prophase
anaphase
Which statement describes the products of meiosis I and meiosis II?
Meiosis I produces two haploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.
Meiosis I produces four diploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.
Meiosis I produces two diploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.
Meiosis I produces two diploid cells, and meiosis II produces two haploid cells.
Which statement correctly compares the roles of different types of organic molecules in the body?
Carbohydrates provide insulation for the body, while nucleic acids provide long-term energy storage.
Nucleic acids provide support and structure for the body, while carbohydrates provide insulation.
Lipids provide long-term energy storage for the body, while carbohydrates provide quickly available energy.
Proteins provide cushioning for organs, while lipids carry the body’s genetic information.
A runner needs a quick boost of energy while running a marathon. Which snack is the BEST option?
A hard-boiled egg, because it is rich in amino acids.
A hamburger, because fats store long-term energy.
An apple, because it contains fructose, a monosaccharide.
A piece of cheese, because proteins speed up chemical reactions.
At the cellular level, lipids are the primary component of the cell membrane. Which statement would BEST support the argument that the structure of a lipid is related to this function?
Lipids contain many nitrogen bonds.
Lipids are insoluble.
Lipids are constructed to store genetic information.
Lipids are composed of amino acids.
Which of the following macromolecules are show in the picture below?
lipid
carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid
Which process is an example of facilitated transport?
The cell membrane wraps around a large molecule and forms a vesicle that takes the molecule into the cytoplasm.
A protein embedded in the cell membrane allows a specific type of protein to move to a region of lower concentration.
Waste materials from cellular processes are moved to a region of higher concentration outside the cell.
A carrier protein moves water across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.
Which type of cellular transport requires a cell to use energy?
facilitated transport
active transport
diffusion
osmosis
Which is a way in which exocytosis differs from the pumping of calcium ions against a concentration gradient?
Exocytosis is a form of passive transport.
Exocytosis does not involve a carrier protein.
Exocytosis occurs with the concentration gradient.
Exocytosis requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
Which of the following is true of the solution below?
Water will move out of the cell, and the cell will decrease in size.
Water will move out of the cell, and the cell will increase in size.
Water will move into the cell, and the cell will increase in size.
Water will move into the cell, and the cell will decrease in size.
Which substance is a product of cellular respiration?
ADP
glucose
oxygen
ATP
Which is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
electron transport -> Krebs cycle -> glycolysis
glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> electron transport
Krebs cycle -> electron transport-> glycolysis
Krebs cycle -> glycolysis -> electron transport
Students wanted to compare the rate of oxygen production in flowers that were watered daily to the rate of oxygen production in flowers that were not watered. Which question were these students most LIKELY investigating?
Do flowers carry out photosynthesis?
Does the amount of water a plant receives affect cellular respiration?
Is the rate of oxygen production in photosynthesis related to the amount of water a flower receives?
Do pea plants carry out cellular respiration?
Which of the following is a reactant in the chemical reaction of photosynthesis? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY!
CO₂
O₂
C₆H₁₂O₆
H₂O
Suppose that a strand of DNA has the following sequence of bases: AAGTTC. What sequence of bases will the complementary strand of DNA have?
GGCAAT
GGTCCA
TTACCG
TTCAAG
Which statement correctly distinguishes DNA and RNA?
DNA contains uracil and RNA does not.
DNA contains nitrogenous bases and RNA does not.
RNA contains the sugar ribose and DNA does not.
RNA is arranged in a double helix and DNA is not.
Transcription creates an mRNA molecule using DNA as a template. Where does this process occur in cells of eukaryotes?
in the nucleus
in the cytoplasm
in the ribosomes
in the Golgi apparatus
Which DNA sequence produces an mRNA strand with the sequence AGUACA?
CAGTAC
GUACAG
TCATGT
UCAUGU
What is a mutation?
a change in the genetic material of a cell
the specific sequence of bases in a molecule of DNA
the process by which a molecule of DNA makes a copy of itself
the perfect replication of a DNA molecule
Consider this DNA nucleotide sequence: ACG GTT CTA GAC
Which mutation will result in a frame shift?
substitution of T for the first A in the sequence
deletion of GTT from the sequence
insertion of C at the start of the sequence
substitution of ATA for ACG in the sequence
Which event results in a change in the number of chromosomes in a cell?
crossing over
deletion
insertion
nondisjunction
Researchers studying rice plants are using radiation to cause random mutations. Which statement best describes the goal of the researchers?
to destroy viral diseases that affect rice plants
to create beneficial traits that can be passed on to offspring
to reduce the amount of fertilizer that the rice plants will need
to eliminate the rate of insect infestation among the rice plants
Which person is most likely the donor of the blood stain?
Bob
Sue
John
Lisa
A gene for human growth hormone (HGH) production is taken from human DNA and inserted into a bacterial plasmid. Which statement explains why bacteria are used as organisms for creating recombinant DNA in this example?
They can replicate quickly and can be manipulated easily.
They can be injected directly into patients to produce HGH.
They digest the gene and metabolize the nucleotides into HGH.
They provide the HGH production gene that can be inserted into a human cell.
Which explains why DNA fingerprinting is useful in forensics?
Most everyone has a unique DNA sequence.
DNA samples are easy to gather.
DNA uses fast-reproducing bacteria.
DNA fingerprinting can determine when a crime occurred.
Almost all commercial banana plants are genetically identical. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY the risk to genetically identical banana plants?
The plants grow more slowly than wild bananas.
The fruits ripen too soon after harvesting.
The plants are susceptible to a new disease-causing fungus.
The bananas have less nutritional value with each generation.
Which term best describes the combination of alleles below?
homozygous dominant
heterozygous
homozygous recessive
recessive
Which combination of alleles represents the same phenotype but different genotypes?
Aa and AA
Aa and aa
AA and aa
Aa and Aa
Which statement summarizes the law of independent assortment?
A parent can pass on only one allele of each gene to any one offspring.
A recessive trait will only be expressed if two recessive alleles are present.
The chance of inheriting an allele is not affected by inheriting any other allele.
The probability of offspring inheriting either allele from a parent is 50 percent.
A red-flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance. What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?
25%
50%
75%
100%
The Punnett square below shows the genotypic results of a cross between two pea plants. R represents the dominant gene for round seeds, and r represents the recessive gene for wrinkled seeds. Which phrase describes the parents’ genotypes for this trait.
both heterozygous
one homozygous recessive and one heterozygous
one homozygous dominant and one heterozygous
one homozygous recessive and one homozygous dominant
The Punnett square below shows the genotypic results of a cross between two pea plants. R represents the dominant gene for round seeds, and r represents the recessive gene for wrinkled seeds. What is the ratio of phenotypes in the offspring?
1 round: 3 wrinkled
2 round: 2 wrinkled
3 round: 1 wrinkled
4 round: 0 wrinkled
The ability to taste a bitter chemical called PTC is a dominant trait in humans. The Punnett square below shows a cross between two parents who are heterozygous for the ability to taste this chemical. Based on the information provided, what is the probability that these parents will produce an offspring who cannot taste PTC?
0 %
25 %
50%
100%
The following Punnett square shows a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for a particular fur color. Based on this cross, what percentage of the offspring are likely to show the recessive phenotype?
0 %
25 %
50%
100%
Which statement would BEST support an argument that sexual reproduction provides an advantage over asexual reproduction in a changing environment?
Sexual reproduction provides greater variation.
Sexual reproduction takes less energy and time.
Sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
Sexual reproduction produces more offspring.
Which of the following does NOT accurately describe asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction can produce many offspring quickly.
Asexual reproduction can help organisms that cannot move around to reproduce.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical.
Asexual reproduction generally produces less diversity in offspring.
Which of the following statements does not describe an advantage of meiosis?
Variation is aided by crossing over which occurs during meiosis.
Meiosis ensures daughter cells receive one of each kind of gene and half the chromosome number.
Independent assortment provides a huge number of possible genetic combinations in daughter cells.
Meiosis occurs often because it allows growth and repair of body tissues in multicellular organisms.
When offspring produced by sexual reproduction move into different environments, new species sometimes emerge over time. Which characteristic of sexual reproduction allows this result to occur?
number of offspring produced
speed with which offspring are produced
size of the offspring produced
diversity of the offspring produced
The illustration below shows the external features of a prokaryotic organism. Which of the following can be concluded about the internal cellular contents of this prokaryote?
The cell does not contain ribosomes.
The cell does not contain a nucleus.
The cell contains mitochondria.
The cell contains a vacuole.
A student looks at a cell under a microscope. Which of the following observations would indicate that the cell is from a plant rather than an animal?
a nucleus located inside of the cell
numerous cilia on the outside of the cell
chloroplasts in the cytoplasm of the cell
a thin membrane around the edge of the cell
What numbered square represents mammary glands?
3
4
5
6
The diagram below shows a phylogenetic tree of 9 species.
Which living species are most closely related?
species ID09 & ID01
species ID06 & ID07
species IDO9 & ID02
species ID03 & ID08
What are the names of the three domains of life?
Animalia, Eukarya, and Bacteria
Plantae, Animalia, and Protista
Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria
Protista, Bacteria, and Animalia
Which feature is common to both living cells AND viruses?
capsid
cytoplasm
nucleic acid
ribosome
Which diagram BEST shows the relationships among different levels of classification of organisms?
a
b
c
A student researched the similarities and differences between viruses and organisms. Which statement BEST supports the argument that viruses share some similarities with living things?
They both get energy from their environment.
They both contain proteins and nucleic acids.
They both reproduce on their own.
They both have a shell called a capsid.
Which of these factors will affect a population regardless of the population’s density?
competition
disease
flooding
parasitism
Plasmodium is a genus of organisms in the kingdom Protista that depend on humans to complete their life cycle. Some species of Plasmodium cause a disease in humans called malaria. What is the ecological relationship between these types of Plasmodium and humans?
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
predation
Students carried out an investigation related to population size. They grew a population of bacteria in a flask with a set amount of nutrients. The graph shows the general trends in the data they recorded.
Analyze the graph. To which of these factors does the value of X on the graph correspond?
mass of nutrients provided
population density
carrying capacity
size of the flask
Which statement BEST describes an exponential model of population growth?
It assumes that the population size levels off.
It assumes that only the best-adapted organisms reproduce.
It assumes an environment that includes no limiting factors.
It assumes that the population does not exceed the carrying capacity.
About how much energy is available to the frog if the grass contains 300,000 kilocalories of available energy?
about 300 kilocalories
about 3,000 kilocalories
about 30,000 kilocalories
about 300,000 kilocalories
Organisms that perform nitrogen fixation belong to which group?
fungi
plants
animals
bacteria
How do scientists account for the decrease in available energy from one tropic level to the next higher tropic level?
The energy is available to organisms at lower tropic levels.
The energy of the sun cannot be fully exploited by producers.
The energy is stored in molecules for decomposers.
The energy is used by organisms for life functions or is lost as heat.
In the food web, which organism can be considered a primary consumer?
grasses
carrots
birds
owls
Which list orders the levels of ecological organization from simplest to most complex?
biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism
community, ecosystem, biome, organism, population
organism, population, biome, ecosystem, community
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome
Corals live near the ocean surface in some warm regions of the world. The corals provide a home for algae. The algae, in turn, produce food that is used by the corals. Which is a biotic factor in this ecosystem?
the amount of sunlight that reaches the coral
the coral population
the salt content of the water
the temperature of the water
Which biotic factor would be most effective in maintaining homeostasis in an ecosystem?
the absence of large trees
the presence of many ponds
the presence of many species
the absence of predators
In a grassland ecosystem, as vegetation grows, reproduces, and dies, the amount of soil increases. Over time, as the remains of plants and animals decompose, nutrients increase in the soil. Which statement BEST describes how the stability of the ecosystem will be affected?
Biodiversity will likely decrease, which will decrease the stability of the ecosystem.
Biodiversity will likely decrease, which will increase the stability of the ecosystem.
Biodiversity will likely increase, which will decrease the stability of the ecosystem.
Biodiversity will likely increase, which will increase the stability of the ecosystem.
Two closely related forms of the fruit fly Drosophila mate at different times of the day. One type mates only in the morning, while the other mates only in the afternoon. Which statement MOST likely describes the two forms of Drosophila?
They share the same gene pool.
They belong to the same species.
They make up two separate species.
They are part of populations in genetic equilibrium.
A population of 50 land mammals has a small number of alleles for one trait. After being attacked by a pack of predators, only one-half of the population remains. Which term best describes the change in allele frequencies for this trait in the population?
gene flow
genetic drift
mutation
nonrandom mating
Suppose an earthquake changes the course of a river, splitting a population of field mice into two groups. Half the mice now live east of the river, and the other half live west of the river. After 500 years, the climate changes, and the river dries up. The two populations of mice mix together again but are not able to interbreed. Which term describes what has occurred?
equilibrium
migration
resistance
speciation
Which factor is required for genetic equilibrium?
nonrandom mating
small population size
absence of genetic drift
presence of heritable mutations
Which term describes parts of organisms that have a similar structure but a different function?
analogous structures
embryological structures
homologous structures
fossilized structures
Fossils of an animal called Ichthyostega show that it had lungs and legs. It also had gills and teeth and a tail similar to that of a fish. Ichthyostega is considered to be one of the first amphibians. Other fossils show that amphibians lost these fish-like features.
How might scientists interpret the fossil of Ichthyostega?
It was an early type of primitive fish.
It was the last example of an amphibian with lungs.
It might be an animal that could live on land and in the water.
It might be a connection to birds that were also efficient swimmers.
Which of these lines of evidence would NOT be used by biologists to determine the relationship between two organisms?
bone structure
fossil age
embryology
population size
The diagram shows the corresponding limbs of a whale and a bat. These homologous structures provide evidence about how whales and bats evolved.
Which statement about another pair of organisms is MOST similar to the evidence about whale and bat evolution?
Butterfly wings and bat wings both enable an animal to fly.
Carrots and sweet potatoes are both underground structures that store food for the plant.
Cats and horses are both animals that humans have domesticated.
The needles of pine trees and the spines of cacti are both structures that come from a common ancestor.
A single population of lizards living on an island in the Pacific Ocean becomes separated into two populations due to volcanic activity. Which statement describes the most likely outcome of this event after several generations?
One population will become extinct.
Different traits will appear in each population.
Each population will begin to breed at a different time.
The two populations will maintain the same genotypes.
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that genetic equilibrium will be reached when certain conditions are met. Which of the following is not a condition that must be met under the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
no nonrandom mating
no genetic drift
large population
natural selection must occur
Populations of a European salamander, Proteus anguinus, live in underground caves that have a limited food supply. One of the salamander’s adaptations is the ability to significantly reduce its rate of metabolism when food is scarce. Which of the following statements best describes how the process of natural selection led to this adaptation?
Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism grew more slowly than other salamanders.
Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism were more likely to emigrate than other salamanders.
Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism underwent more rapid mutation than other salamanders.
Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism were more likely to survive and reproduce than other salamanders.
One of the major elements of natural selection is that all species have genetic ____________.
digression
melanism
stability
variation
Which of these is required for natural selection?
All individuals of a population must be identical.
There must be a small number of individuals in a population.
There must be variation among members of a population.
A population of individuals must be forced out of their natural habitat.
A certain mammal population contains two alleles for claw length. Some members of the population have long claws that enable them to climb trees, while most members do not. When a new predator that feeds on these mammals is introduced into this environment, some long-clawed mammals climb up trees to escape. Which statement describes the MOST likely impact of natural selection on the population of the coming generations?
The alleles for long claws will increase in the population.
The alleles for long claws will decrease in the population.
The alleles for short claws will increase in the population.
The alleles for short claws will disappear from the population.
Why do some strains of bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
The bacteria grow in habitats protected from antibiotics.
The bacteria develop a method of surviving without energy.
Some bacteria that live in host organisms are not affected by antibiotics.
Some bacteria develop an adaptation that enables them to survive in the presence of antibiotics.
Many insects have become resistant to pesticides. In which population of insects would you MOST likely expect pesticide resistance to develop?
A population that reproduces quickly.
A population that reproduce very slowly.
A population that is never exposed to a pesticide.
A population that is completely killed off by a pesticide.
