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Ecology Unit Exam (Bio 2021)

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A tapeworm lives in the intestines of a dog. It absorbs food the dog has eaten and grows larger in the process. The dog becomes weaker from malnutrition. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
2.
The flower of the yucca plant provides the only location where the yucca moth can lay her eggs. In the process, the moth pollinates the yucca flower. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
3.

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Competition

c)

Parasitsm

d)

Commensalism

4.
An animal that is hunted and eaten for food is a __________.
a)
predator
b)
prey
c)
population
5.
The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same resource
a)
Predator
b)
Prey
c)
Competition
d)
Adaptation
6.
Temperature, light, air, water, and soil are all ___________ parts of the environment.
a)
biotic
b)
abiotic
c)
dead
d)
scavenged
7.

What range of tolerance factors could be shown for butterflies with this graph?

a)

temperature

b)

sunlight

c)

salt concentration

d)

oxygen levels

8.

The amount of oxygen in a fish tank is a _______ that affects the number of fish that can live in the tank

a)

Tolerance zone

b)

Limiting factor

9.
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?
a)
energy path
b)
food web
c)
trophic level
d)
food pyramid
10.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
11.
diagram that shows the energy available to each trophic level in an ecosystem; 10% is passed on to upper levels, the rest is lost as heat
a)
succession 
b)
cellular respiration
c)
energy pyramid
d)
biochemical cycle
12.
Members of a species in a defined area
a)
Ecosystem
b)
community
c)
biodiversity
d)
population
13.

Producers obtain their energy by

a)

the process of hunting for prey

b)

the process of eating plants

c)

the process of photosynthesis to make their own food from sunlight

d)

the process of breaking down once living things

14.

The job of decomposers in an ecosystem is to

a)

break down once living things from all levels of the ecosystem to recycle nutrients back to producers

b)

break down only top level consumers to recycle nutrients

c)

break down only producers to recycle nutrients

d)

give energy to all levels of the ecosystem

15.

Heterotroph means

a)

the organisms get their energy from eating other organisms

b)

the organisms make their own food from photosynthesis

c)

the organims get energy from breaking down once living things

16.
Which of these shows how energy is usually transferred in a food chain?
a)
herbivore-->producer-->carnivore
b)
producer-->carnivore-->herbivore
c)
carnivore-->herbivore-->producer
d)
producer-->herbivore-->carnivore
17.
The number of different species and the abundance of each species in a biological community.
a)
genetic diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity
c)
extinction
d)
species diversity
18.
_______ happens when fertilizers, animal waste, sewage or other substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorus are lost into waterways causing excessive algae growth.
a)
Eutrophication
b)
Introduced species
c)
Biological Augmentation
d)
Nonrenewable Resource
19.
The practice of harvesting or hunting to such a degree that remaining individuals may not be able to replenish the population is called _____.
a)
biomagnification
b)
overexploitation
c)
edge effects
d)
natural resource
20.

the breaking of habitats into smaller pieces is called...

a)

habitat division

b)

habitat pollution

c)

habitat corruption

d)

habitat fragmentation

21.
Biologists put extra effort into protecting these because they have many species living in them.
a)
Cities
b)
Biodiversity Hotspots
c)
Farms
d)
Conservation stations
22.
An event  in which a large percentage of all living species become extinct in a relatively short period of time.
a)
Habitat fragmentation 
b)
Mass extinction
c)
Overexploitation
d)
Background extinction
23.

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

a)

biodiversity

b)

demography

c)

carrying capacity

d)

poaching

24.
Currently sharks are on a rapid decline due to overfishing. If sharks go extinct will this affect the biodiversity of the ocean?
a)
No, sharks are not important.
b)
No, sharks will only affect the seal populations.
c)
Yes, it will disrupt the entire food chain in the ocean.
d)
Yes, but only a little.
25.

The pesticide DDT accumulating in the tissues of osprey is an example of biological magnification.

a)

False

b)

True

26.

Affect of water pollution that occurs when substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorous flow into waterways which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.

a)

endemication

b)

oligiotrophication

c)

dead zone

d)

suffocation

27.

Using resources at a rate at which they can be replaced or recycled while preserving the long-term health of the biosphere.

a)

maintainable use

b)

sustainable use

c)

varied use

d)

supportable use

28.
Identify the cycle picture.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
This is not a correct diagram of any cycle.
29.
What cycle is demonstrated in the diagram?
a)
TheLlife cycle
b)
The Water cycle
c)
The Carbon cycle
d)
The Nitrogen cyckle
30.
Biogeochemical cycles:
a)
only include processes conducted by or within living organisms
b)
Pertain only to the abiotic environment
c)
describe the movement of water and other materials through the abiotic and biotic environment. 
d)
Only pertain to exchanges and interactions that occur within the atmosphere 
31.
______ ______ includes thing like minerals, fossil fuels, plants, animals, clean water, and solar energy.
a)
Overexpoitation
b)
Natural Resources
c)
Nonrenewable Resources
32.
What effect is shown in this picture? (The pond is green from algae).
a)
biomagnification
b)
eutrophication
c)
habitat fragmentation
d)
invasive species
33.
Extinction rates are significantly __________ in recent decades than before.
a)
Lower
b)
Higher
34.

Which would be a direct effect caused by habitat fragmentation?

a)

waterfowl unable to breed due to a drained wetland

b)

harvested trees result in less leaf litter for rich soil

c)

box turtles separated by a road and unable to mate

d)

jaguars unable to find enough food in smaller forests

35.

The gradual process of species becoming extinct is known as:

a)

mass extinction

b)

bio extinction

c)

gradual extinction

d)

background extinction

36.

Describe what a community is.

a)

All populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.

b)

The interaction between a community and the abiotic components of that area

c)

Many organ systems working together for bodily functions.

d)

A group of organisms, of the same species, which interbreed and living in the same place at the same time.

37.

Describe what an ecosystem is.

a)

All populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.

b)

The interaction between a community and the abiotic components of that area

c)

Many organ systems working together for bodily functions.

d)

A group of organisms, of the same species, which interbreed and living in the same place at the same time.

38.

Autotrophs are

a)

"self-feeders" organisms who make their own food using sunlight

b)

Organisms who have to consume other organisms for energy

39.

What is the difference between habitat and niche?

a)

Habitat=home and niche=job/role in the ecosystem

b)

Habitat=job/role in the ecosystem and niche=home

c)

Habitat and niche are both "home"

d)

Habitat and niche are both the "job/role" of the organism

40.

Describe how two animals that occupy the same niche in the same habitat will affect each other.

a)

The two animals will compete for resources. (Competition)

b)

Mutualism

c)

Commensalism

d)

They will learn to share.

41.

What is carrying capacity?

a)

The largest population an environment can support at any time.

b)

The smallest population an environment can support at any time

c)

How much an organism can carry

d)

None of these

42.

What are limiting factors?

a)

Sources or events that restrict population size

b)

Sources or events that help increase the population size

c)

Neither of these

43.

Who are the producers in the food web above?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!

a)

Hawk

b)

Marsh Grass

c)

Cattail

d)

Shrew

44.

If a disease kills off the grasshopper in the food web above, how would this ecosystem be affected?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!

a)

The grasshopper would evolve into a new species

b)

The Shrew would adapt and eat the cricket

c)

The Cricket would decrease

d)

The Cattail would increase

e)

The Frog would increase

45.

In this food chain the falcon would be classified as a

a)

primary producer

b)

secondary producer

c)

primary consumer

d)

secondary consumer

e)

tertiary consumer

46.

Decomposers and detritivores are important to ecosystems because

a)

they increase soil quality for plants

b)

they prevent dead organic matter from accumulating

c)

both of these are true

47.

a symbiotic relationship is

a)

a close relationship between members of different species

b)

a close relationship between members of the same species

c)

competition between different species for the same resources

d)

all of these are true

48.

The carrying capacity for this seal population is around

a)

8500

b)

7500

c)

6500

d)

5500

49.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
50.
Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?
a)
A tornado
b)
A volcanic eruption
c)
A flood
d)
A drought
51.

What type of species/community is a redwood forest?

a)

Climax Community

b)

Pioneer Species

c)

Intermediate Species

d)

Tertiary Community

52.
Why does primary succession take longer to reach climax community?
a)
Because trees do not perform photosyntheses.
b)
Because climax community is in a forrest.
c)
Because primary succession already has soil
d)
Because primary succession does not have soil
53.
Which is the correct order in primary succession?
a)
Rocks, Lichens & Mosses, Bushes & Shrubs, Trees
b)
Lichens & Mosses, Rocks, Trees, Bushes & Shrubs 
c)
Trees, Bushes and Shrubs, Lichens & Mosses, Lichens & Mosses
d)
Rocks, Grass, Trees, Bushes & Shrubs
54.
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
helium
d)
nitrogen
55.
What happens during the process of nitrogen-fixation?
a)
Nitrogen compounds turn into free nitrogen
b)
Free nitrogen turns into nitrogen compounds
56.
Snow, sleet, hail, and rain are all examples of  ________________. 
a)
evaporation
b)
condensation
c)
accumulation
d)
precipitation
57.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
58.

What is predictable changes that occur in a community over time?

a)

biological shift

b)

geological improvement

c)

ecological succession

d)

chemical variation

59.

Matter is recycled within and between ecosystems in __________________ cycles

a)

biogeochemical

b)

ecological

c)

life

d)

weather

60.
Which of the following organisms plays a major role in all phases of the nitrogen cycle?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Fungi
c)
Plants
d)
Animals
61.
By which of the following processes is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere?
a)
Cellular respiration
b)
Decomposition
c)
Combustion
d)
Photosynthesis
62.
Which of the following causes harmful algal blooms that result in dead zones in the ocean?
a)
Runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus-rich fertilizers
b)
Burning of fossil fuels
c)
Increased amounts of acidic precipitation
d)
Increased levels of greenhouse gases 
63.
What 2 things does a plant make during photosynthesis?
a)
oxygen, glucose
b)
glucose, carbon dioxide
c)
useable energy, glucose
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
64.
What 3 things are made during cellular respiration?
a)
useable energy, water, glucose
b)
glucose, water, carbon dioxide
c)
oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose
d)
carbon dioxide, water, useable energy
65.
How do animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)
eating other organisms
c)
rainwater
d)
lightning 
66.

Which cycle are fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) part of?

a)

carbon

b)

water

c)

nitrogen

d)

phosphorus

67.

Biome with plants and grasses, but no trees.

a)

grassland

b)

desert

c)

forest

d)

arctic tundra

68.

Biome with many different species of cacti and reptiles and very little rainfall.

a)

Desert

b)

Temperate Rainforest

c)

Tropical Rainforest

d)

Arctic Tundra

69.
Type of forest biome near the equator; receives a lot of rain; temperatures are warm all year.
a)
desert
b)
tropical rain forest
c)
arctic
d)
temperate rain forest
70.
One characteristic feature of tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a layer of permanently frozen subsoil.  This characteristic is known as
a)
glaciation
b)
permafrost
c)
crystallization
d)
soilfrost
71.
This biome contains mostly spruce trees and Douglas firs, which are both evergreen.  The winters are long and cold and the summers are short and rainy.  The soil is very rich.  Moose and elk live here.  This biome is classified as a
a)
taiga
b)
tundra
c)
deciduous forest
d)
temperate forest
72.
The farther a biome is from the equator, the more we would expect it to be 
a)
warmer & wetter
b)
warmer & drier
c)
cooler & wetter
d)
cooler & drier
73.
The biome pictured is
a)
desert
b)
tundra
c)
temperate grassland
d)
boreal forest
74.
The tropical rain forest & tropical savanna biomes are similar in ___________, but ________________________________.
a)
temperature / the savannah doesn't receive enough rainfall to be a forest
b)
precipitation / the rain forest is hotter
c)
precipitation / the savanna is cooler
d)
temperature / the rain forest doesn't receive enough sunlight to be a savanna
75.
Terrestrial biomes are defined mainly by their
a)
climate & plants
b)
climate & animals
c)
animals & plants
d)
climate only
76.
The biome pictured is
a)
shrubland/chaparral
b)
tropical savanna
c)
temperate deciduous forest
d)
desert
77.
Antarctica is cold all the time. What is it's climate?
a)
Tropical
b)
Polar
c)
Arid/Dry
d)
Temperate
78.
The seasons are caused by___________?
a)
The direction the Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun
b)
Tropical Storms
c)
Changes in the moon
d)
The Earth's rotation on its axis
79.
What is the difference between climate and weather?
a)
 Climate averages the weather conditions in a specific place over a long period of time, while weather describes the state of the atmosphere at a specific moment in time.
b)
 Weather averages the weather conditions in a specific place over a long period of time, while Climate describes the state of the atmosphere at a specific moment in time.
c)
Climate describes the weather conditions at night, while weather describes the conditions during the daytime.
d)
 There is not a difference between climate and weather.
80.
What causes some areas of Earth to receive less intense solar energy than others?
a)
the mass of earth
b)
the curve of earth
c)
the density of earth
d)
the elevation of earth
81.

Is the Earth heated evenly?

a)

Yes

b)

No

82.

What landform causes the rain shadow effect?

a)

mountains

b)

lakes

c)

plains

d)

valley

83.

As you go to the top of a mountain, what happens to the temperature?

a)

nothing

b)

it decreases

c)

it increases

d)

it fluctuates between warm and cold

84.

On the leeward side of a mountain, you might find _____.

a)

heavy rainfall

b)

less vegetation (plants)

c)

more vegetation (plants)

d)

more snow

85.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Methane

c)

Water vapor

d)

All answers are correct

86.

SUnburn occurs when your skin is exposed to harmful ______ rays

a)

radio

b)

magnetic

c)

ultraviolet

d)

infrared

87.

Ozone is made of which chemical element?

a)

Carbon

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Oxygen

d)

Nitrogen

88.

The ozone destroying pollutants primarily comes from air conditioner coolants, refrigerator coolant, aerosol spray, and plastic foam.

a)

true

b)

false

89.
What are the two main groups of aquatic biomes?
a)
saltwater and freshwater
b)
marine and freshwater
c)
marine and estuarine
d)
oligotrophic and eutrophic
90.

The measure of total salt content dissolved in water.

a)

Temperature

b)

Brininess

c)

Iodized

d)

Salinity

91.

In a coral reef, are the corals living organisms?

a)

Yes

b)

No

92.

Which of the following are functions of wetlands?

a)

absorb pollutants

b)

provide habitat for many animals

c)

control floods by acting as a sponge for excess water

d)

all of the above

93.

Which of the following are all threats to coral reefs?

a)

zooplankton and phytoplankton only

b)

chemicals and phytoplankton

c)

oil spills, chemicals, sewage

d)

oil spills, sewage, phytoplankton

94.

Bottom of a pond or lake; where scavengers are found

a)

benthic zone

b)

littoral zone

c)

anti-sunlight zone

d)

limnetic zone

95.
Estuaries form where 
a)
a lake evaporates
b)
a river meets the sea
c)
a river becomes dammed
d)
a wetland becomes filled in
96.
Which would have kelp forests and coral reefs?
a)
intertidal zone
b)
coastal ocean
c)
open ocean
97.
What aquatic biome is characterized by flowing fresh water?
a)
Lakes/Ponds
b)
Mangroves Swamps
c)
Rivers/Streams
d)
Coral Reefs
98.

From the surface to the deepest, which is the correct position of the 3 zones of lakes and ponds?

a)

Littoral , Profundal, Limnetic

b)

Profundal, Limnetic, Littoral

c)

Profundal, Littoral, Limnetic

d)

Littoral, Limnetic, Profundal

99.

The marine zone that is lit by sun and lies on the open ocean is called

a)

abyssal zone

b)

aphotic zone

c)

photic zone

d)

benthic zone

100.
The aphotic zone is
a)
the ocean's dark lower layer where photosynthesis cannot occur
b)
the sunlit upper layer of the ocean where photosynthesis occurs
c)
on the bottom of lakes, streams, and oceans.
d)
where benthos are found

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