Worksheetsmuscle and nervous system exam review
Total questions: 91
Worksheet time: 49mins
In the contraction cycle, the step where the myosin head swivels towards the center of the sarcomere, pulling the thin filament is called
cross bridge formation
power stroke
release of myosin head
reset myosin head
•The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular synaptic knob contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
•epinephrine.
norepinephrine.
•all of the above
In the contraction cycle, ATP is required for which step
cross bridge formation
power stroke
release of myosin head
reset myosin head
In the contraction cycle, the step where the myosin head binds to the actin is called
cross bridge formation
power stroke
release of myosin head
reset myosin head
The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called
recruitment.
•complete tetanus.
incomplete tetanus.
wave summation
In a resting neuron the concentration of _____ is higher inside the cell than outside.
sodium
potassium
calcium
chloride
In a resting neuron the concentration of _____ is higher outside the cell than inside.
sodium
potassium
calcium
chloride
which of the following are functions of muscle? select all that apply
regulate elimination of materials
protect and support
maintain posture
move the body
produce heat
which has a shorter duration?
action potential
graded potential
which of the following are characteristics of skeletal muscle? select all that apply
excitability
conductivity
contractility
extensibillity
elasticity
which is self regenerating?
action potential
graded potential
the connective tissue layer around a single muscle cell is called
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
aponeurosis
In a resting neuron the inside is ______ relative to the outside
positive
negative
isoelectric
When multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitter at various locations onto the receptive segment, thus generating EPSPs IPSPs or both in the postsynaptic neuron, this is known as
temporal summation
spatial summation
additive property
all or none law
When voltage gated sodium channels open and sodium is entering the cell, this is known as
hyperpolarization
depolarization
repolarization
subthreshold stimulation
When mulitple inputs come together at a single postsynaptic neuron, this is known as a _______ circuit
converging
diverging
reverberating
parallel-after-discharge
the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium extend past the muscle fiber to form a ___ , a thick cordlike struture composed of dense regular connective tissue that connect muscle to bone
tendon
ligament
sarcomere
fascicle
the ____ is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell and it is specialized for generating action potentials
sarcolemma
T tubule
sarcomplasmic reticulum
triad
action potentials travel (a) on myelinated axons than unmyelinated axons.
the ____ are extensions of the sarcolemma that ensure the action potentials reach the deepest parts of the muscle cell
sarcolemma
T tubule
sarcomplasmic reticulum
triad
the ____ stores calcium and regulates calcium levels in the muscle cell
sarcolemma
T tubule
sarcomplasmic reticulum
triad
which two things have the greatest effect on action potential velocity?
axon diameter
degree of axon myelination
length of axon
ion concentrations
thick myofilaments are composed of
myosin
actin
troponin
tropomyosin
which can be positive or negative?
action potential
graded potential
thin myofilaments are composed of select all that apply
myosin
actin
troponin
tropomyosin
the ____ is the organelle that contracts in the muscle cell
sarcolemma
T tubule
myofibril
sarcomplasmic reticulum
When one presynaptic neuron repeatedly releases neurotransmitter onto the receptive segment, thus generating EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron, this is known as
temporal summation
spatial summation
additive property
all or none law
When voltage gated potassium channels open and potassium is leaving the cell, this is known as (choose all that apply)
hyperpolarization
depolarization
repolarization
subthreshold stimulation
a _____ is composed of overlapping thick and thin myofilaments and is the smallest unit that contracts
sarcolemma
myofibril
sarcomere
sarcomplasmic reticulum
_____ is a protein that binds oxygen and stores it in muscle
mitochodria
myoglobin
actin
troponin
which travels farther?
action potential
graded potential
a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it innervates is called a ___ ___
(a)
when a neuron is at rest which channels are open? (choose all that apply)
sodium leak channels
potassium leak channels
voltage gated sodium channels
chemically gated sodium channels
(a) motor units would be found in muscles like the eye where precise control is needed
the ____ _____ is the expanded tip of an axon containing vesicles full of neurotransmitter
synaptic knob
motor end plate
synaptic cleft
resting membrane potential
the ____ _____ is the specialized region of the sarcolemma containing ACh receptors
synaptic knob
motor end plate
synaptic cleft
resting membrane potential
the ____ _____ is the narrow fluid filled space between the syaptic knob and motor end plate
synaptic knob
motor end plate
synaptic cleft
resting membrane potential
At the neuromuscular junction, immediately after calcium enters the synaptic knob
ACh is released
ACh binds to receptors
an action potential is generated in the motor neuron
an action potential is generated in the muscle cell
during ____ ____ ____ an end plate potential is generated at the motor end plate, an action potential is propagated along the sarcolemma and T tubules, and calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
(a)
the 3 general functions of the nervous system are (select all that apply)
collect information
process and evaluate information
initiate response to information
the peripheral nervous system is composed of (select all that apply)
brain
spinal cord
peripheral nerves
ganglia
which division of the nervous system controls voluntary movements
somatic sensory
somatic motor
autonomic motor
visceral sensory
the input or receptive part of a neuron is
dendrite
cell body
axon
the ouput or conductive part of a neuron is
dendrite
cell body
axon
a nerve that takes information away from the CNS is functionally classified as
sensory
motor
interneuron
which type of cell forms the blood brain barrier
ependymal
neurolemmocyte
oligodendrocyte
astrocyte
which type of cell forms the cerebrospinal fluid
ependymal
neurolemmocyte
oligodendrocyte
astrocyte
which type of cell forms the myelin sheath
ependymal
neurolemmocyte
oligodendrocyte
astrocyte
the ____ ____ insulates axons and speeds up action potentials
(a)
select the channels that are found throughout the neuron
Na leak channels
K leak channels
voltage gated Na channels
chemically gated K channels
select the channels that are found only in the dendrite
Na leak channels
K leak channels
voltage gated Na channels
chemically gated K channels
select the channels that are found only in the axon
Na leak channels
K leak channels
voltage gated Na channels
chemically gated K channels
which channels are necessary for generating action potentials
Na leak channels
K leak channels
voltage gated Na channels
chemically gated K channels
which channels could generate graded potentials
Na leak channels
K leak channels
voltage gated Na channels
chemically gated K channels
the time period when another action potential could only be generated with a stronger than normal stimulation is called the (a) refractory period
the neuronal pool where the input is transmitted simultaneously along several neuron pathways to a common postsynaptic cell is called
parallel after discharge
reverberating
diverging
converging
as the stimulus strength increases, the frequency of action potentials (a)
What type of ion channel opens in response to an action potential arriving at the synaptic knob?
1.Ligand-gated anion
1.Voltage-gated sodium
1.Voltage-gated potassium
1.Ligand-gated cation
1.Voltage-gated calcium
1.increase the conduction speed of action potentials transmitted along the sarcolemma
1.release the inhibition on Z discs
1.remove the blocking action of tropomyosin
1.cause ATP binding to actin
1.release synaptic vesicles from the synaptic knob
In the sarcoplasm, calcium ions act to ________.
1.increase the conduction speed of action potentials transmitted along the sarcolemma
1.release the inhibition on Z discs
1.remove the blocking action of tropomyosin
1.cause ATP binding to actin
1.release synaptic vesicles from the axon terminal
