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WorksheetsGraves Bethlehem Regents Questions Topic 5
Total questions: 37
Worksheet time: 36mins
An example of a population in which evolution could take place in a relatively short period of time could be
pathogenic bacteria exposed to antibiotics
oak trees in a stable ecosystem
elephants living in a wildlife preserve
algae grown under constant conditions
In the photograph below, two fish are displaying a behavior commonly observed among pairs of rabbitfish. While one has its head down feeding on coral, the other remains upright, alert for predators.
This behavior continues to be present in the rabbitfish population because
this behavior was learned by observing other fish species
both fish could not fit into the small spaces in the coral
this behavior increases their chance of survival
the fish species needed to become alert to survive
A genetic change that occurs in a body cell of a mouse will not contribute to the evolution of the species because
body cell mutations will cause the cell to die before it reproduces
the evolution of a species can result from changes in reproductive cells, not body cells
random changes are repaired by enzymes before they are passed on to offspring
the evolution of a species is caused by natural selection, not genetic variation
Gene mutations can be caused by many things. These mutations are biologically important because they
occur at a regular rate and therefore can be controlled
can be passed to the offspring if they occur in any cell of the body
are always harmful and therefore help to eliminate weak traits
can result in a new variety of gene combinations in the species
Maintaining a rich variety of genetic material that may lead to discoveries useful to humans can be ensured by
preserving biodiversity
increasing cloning
asexual reproduction
selective breeding
A section of the mammalian evolutionary tree is shown.
Which number would indicate the most recent common ancestor of the hyrax, elephant, and manatee on the section of this mammalian evolutionary tree?
1
2
3
4
Evolution can occur at different rates; however for evolution to occur there must be
variation within the species
extinction of the species
asexual reproduction
no changes in the genes of an organism
Evolution is defined as a(n)
Idea that organisms better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce
Any physical or behavioral characteristic that helps an organism to better survive
Theory that organisms have changed gradually over a long period of time to form mew organisms
The process of sexual reproduction is an important part of the process of evolution. One reason for this is that meiosis and fertilization directly produce many new
antigens
variations
species
pathogens
Certain chemicals, such as cytochrome C, are found within cells of all living organisms. The biochemical structure of cytochrome C in ground finches and in tree finches is very similar. This suggests that tree finches and ground finches have
identical DNA
a common ancestor
evolved at the same time
the same nesting site
The extremes of dry and wet weather of the Galapagos Islands cause the food supply to constantly change. During dry years, the food is mainly large, hard seeds, and finches with large beaks are found in greater numbers. Which statement best explains this observation?
Dry environments cause mutations in finches.
Finches grow larger when they have more water.
Small finches become smaller during dry seasons
Large beak size is an adaptation to dry conditions.
Which factor most likely contributed to the evolution of Galapagos Islands finches with different beak shapes?
similar climates on the different islands
competition between the finches for food
cloning experiments carried out by native people on the islands
increased rate of asexual reproduction
Which mammal would be most closely related to a hippopotamus?
deer
whale
pig
cow
Which statement best describes a relationship between the common ancestor and the other organisms in the diagram?
The common ancestor most likely has segments of its DNA that will match each of the other organisms’.
The common ancestor is more closely related to macaques than to gibbons.
Orangutans and gorillas have exactly the same DNA as the common ancestor.
Chimps and baboons were the first organisms to evolve from the common ancestor.
A line representing an organism that is closely related to leaf monkeys and that evolved at about the same time as the gibbons would be drawn beginning at point
A
B
C
D
In this diagram, the variety of beak sizes and shapes are adaptations directly related to successful
feeding
camouflage
defense
singing
Which two organisms are most closely related?
cyanobacteria and green algae
red algae and spinach
brown algae and red algae
red algae and cyanobacteria
What two factors can lead to the evolution of a species over time?
overproduction of offspring and no variation
changes in the genes of body cells and extinction
struggle for survival and fossilization
changes in the genes of sex cells and survival of the fittest
Scientists at Penn State have sequenced the DNA of the extinct woolly mammoth. The data suggested that the woolly mammoth was more closely related to present-day elephants than previously believed.
Which statement could account for the similarities between the woolly mammoth and present-day elephants?
Common gene mutations were caused by agents such as industrial chemicals and radiation
Present-day species developed from earlier, different species
Selective breeding results in offspring better able to survive.
Both animals have identical genetic information
After a lake dried up during a severe drought, a section of undisturbed rock layers was exposed. The layers are represented below.
This sequence of rock layers best illustrates the concept that
the living and nonliving environment both change over time
it is important to preserve the diversity of species and habitats
new inheritable characteristics can result from the recombining of genes
living organisms have the capacity to produce populations of unlimited size
Natural selection produces changes most quickly in
species with short reproductive cycles
individual pathogens killed by antibiotics
complex multicellular organisms
individuals that produce a small number of offspring
Survival of at least a few members of a population after a major environmental change is most dependent on
the population having an individual that is adapted to the original environment
the population having an individual that is adapted to great changes in the temperature in its environment
variations in many different traits in many individuals in the population
no variations in the color of the fur, skin, or feathers of the individuals in the population
Fossils provide evidence that
life on Earth millions of years ago was more complex than life is today
the changes that will occur in species in the future are easy to predict
many species of organisms that lived long ago are now extinct
most species of organisms that lived long ago are exactly the same today
A male frigatebird displays to the female by inflating its large red throat sac, throwing its head back, vibrating its wings, and producing a “drumming” sound with its throat sac. For the frigatebird, this behavior has most likely resulted in
hiding from predators
greater reproductive success
locating new sources of food
reduced population growth
A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period.
In year three, the farmer discontinued the use of the insecticide. Which statement would best predict the population in generation 4?
The nonresistant aphid would become extinct
The nonresistant aphid population would likely increase
The resistant aphid would mutate to a nonresistant aphid.
The plants would be free of insect populations.
Natural Selection
Succesion
Reproduction
Mouse Extinction
If the same antibiotic is used too many times, it can become less effective against a certain type of bacteria. This observation is best explained by the
presence of pathogens in antibiotics
production of antibiotics by white blood cells
replication of viruses that attack bacteria
survival and reproduction of antibiotic resistant bacteria
use and disuse
variation
changes in nucleic acids
transmission of acquired traits
Of the 500 eggs produced by a certain female frog, only 10% developed into adult frogs. Which part of Darwin's theory does this best illustrate?
Favorable variations are not inherited
There is a struggle for existence among organisms
Mutations occur by chance.
Mating occurs in a random manner in a species
A bacterial population cannot survive exposure to antibiotics.
This bacterial population cannot survive exposure to this antibiotic.
Bacteria can change whenever it is necessary to survive antibiotic treatment.
Some of the bacterial population was resistant to this antibiotic
species A was probably much larger than all the other species
species J is adapted to the existing environment
species C is a direct descendant of species I
species E evolved from species G
Layer A
Layer B
Layer E
Layer D
The jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time.
PART D - Scientists attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships between three different finch species,
A, B, and C.
In order to do this, they examined the physical characteristics and DNA of these species. DNA was extracted from all three species and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the diagram.
Which statement best describes the method used above to determine the evolutionary relationships between three species of finches?
Examine the structure of the beaks and compare them.
Observe behavioral and physical characteristics of all the finches and group them by similarities.
Obtain molecular evidence from all three species and identify similarities.
Compare common ancestors of all three of the species to see if they are the same.
