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Bio EOC RC 2

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?
a)
Amine group, R group, & carboxyl group
b)
fatty acid, glycerol, & alcohol group
c)
phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, & nitrogen base
d)
sterol ring, six carbon sugar, & alcohol group
2.
What makes up the genetic code in DNA?
a)
the phosphate group
b)
the nitrogen bases
c)
the deoxyribose sugar
d)
the ribose sugar
3.
What are the bases that can be found in DNA?
a)
adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine
b)
thymine, cytosine, phosphate, guanine
c)
cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
d)
guanine, thymine, uracil, cytosine
4.
How is do RNA and DNA differ?
a)
DNA contains adenine, RNA contains thymine
b)
DNA contains a sugar and RNA does not
c)
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
d)
DNA is found in the cytoplasm, RNA is only in the nucleus
5.
If you were to compare the DNA of a human, an elephant, a tree, and an E. coli bacteria, you would find ____________.
a)
Each organism's DNA is made of identical genes.
b)
Each organism's DNA is made of the same bases.
c)
Each organism's DNA is the same length.
d)
Each organism's DNA is contained in a nucleus. 
6.
The synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template is called ____________.
a)
transcription
b)
replication
c)
translation
d)
synthesis
7.
The synthesis of an RNA strand from a DNA template is called __________.
a)
transcription
b)
replication
c)
translation
d)
synthesis
8.
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the growing peptide chain?
a)
mRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
dRNA
9.
Transcription takes place in the ___________, while translation takes place in the __________.
a)
cytoplasm; nucleus
b)
mitochondria; chloroplast
c)
nucleus; cytoplasm
d)
cell membrane; cellular matrix
10.
This picture shows that:
a)
The DNA code and the RNA code are identical.
b)
DNA from two different organisms can be combined.
c)
Only part of DNA actually codes for proteins.
d)
We need genetic engineering to survive.
11.
What is the purpose of an operon?
a)
To turn genes on or off
b)
To replication DNA
c)
To speed up reactions
d)
To splice genes together
12.

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

a)

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

b)

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base

c)

phosphate, sulfate, and nitrate

d)

adenine, thymine, and uracil

13.

In DNA, adenine pairs with _______, while guanine pairs with _______.

a)

uracil / cytosine

b)

thymine / uracil

c)

thymine / cytosine

d)

adenine / guanine

14.

What is the name of the sugar in DNA?

a)

deoxyribose

b)

ribose

c)

glucose

d)

galactose

15.

What is the name of the sugar in RNA?

a)

deoxyribose

b)

ribose

c)

glucose

d)

maltose

16.

Which nitrogen base does RNA have instead of thymine?

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

uracil

17.

The process in which a section of DNA is used to produce a copy of mRNA is called:

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

mutation

d)

inheritance

18.

What is the funtion of tRNA?

a)

contains codons and carries an amino acid to the ribosome

b)

carries a sugar to the ribosome

c)

contains anticodons and carries an amino acid to the ribosome

d)

carries an amino acid to the nucleus

19.

Use the chart to find to amino acid that corresponds to the codon GGA:

a)

Alanine

b)

Glutamic Acid

c)

Lysine

d)

Glycine

20.

What type of mutation is shown in the diagram?

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

no change

21.

What is the process shown in the diagram?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

mutation

d)

transformation

22.

The 2 sex chromosomes found in a human female are:

a)

XX

b)

XY

23.

Trisomy 21 is also known as:

a)

Edward Syndrome

b)

Patau Syndrome

c)

Down Syndrome

d)

Turner Syndrome

24.
In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes?
a)
O only
b)
A or B only
c)
A, B, or O only
d)
A, B, AB, or O
25.
A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?
a)
Egg cell and liver cell
b)
Sperm cell and egg cell
c)
Nerve cell and brain cell
d)
Sperm cell and lung cell
26.
Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?
a)
The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.
b)
The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.
c)
The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.
d)
The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.
27.

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells.

a)

Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Duplication

d)

Substitution

28.

The inheritance pattern for an autosomal dominant trait is shown in the pedigree. Shaded symbols represent individuals that express the dominant trait.

a)

I-1: aa

I-2: Aa

b)

I-1: AA

I-2: Aa

c)

I-1: Aa

I-2: aa

d)

I-1: aa

I-2: AA

29.

Mice have two unlinked allele pairs that affect fur color. The table shows how allele pairs affect fur color. The term “agouti” describes fur with pigmentation that changes in each hair from the shaft to the tip, giving the fur a banded appearance. Mice with the aa allele pair are albino, regardless of the second allele-pair combination.

a)

116\frac{1}{16}

b)

316\frac{3}{16}

c)

416\frac{4}{16}

d)

916\frac{9}{16}

30.

The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene.

a)

Deletion

b)

Insertion

c)

Substitution

d)

Translocation

31.
Exposure to the building material asbestos has been linked to certain types of cancers. Asbestos causes mutations in the p53 gene, which controls tumor suppression. Which statement best explains why people with cancer due to asbestos exposure do not pass the mutation on to their offspring?
a)
The mutation occurred in gametic cells.
b)
The mutation occurred in somatic cells.
c)
The mutation is recessive.
d)
The mutation is sex-linked
32.

A segment of a DNA strand is shown.

a)
b)
c)
d)
33.
Which of the following monomers are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
34.
Which sequence of complementary DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG?
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
35.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
36.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
37.

A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.

a)

Replication

b)

Translation

c)

Transcription

d)

Protein Synthesis

38.
What process is shown in the diagram?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
mitosis
d)
translation
39.
X outlines a(n) ___________.
a)
amino acid
b)
nitrogen base 
c)
nucleotide
d)
nitrogen base pair
40.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
41.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
42.
Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?
a)
gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide
b)
cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, gene, nucleotide
c)
nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus
d)
cell, DNA, gene, nucleotide, nucleus, chromosome
43.
What process is occurring in this photo?
a)
Transcription
b)
DNA unwinding
c)
Translation
d)
Transfer RNA is creating bases
44.
What process is occurring in this photo?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
mRNA is matching with amino acids
d)
tRNA is transcribing the DNA
45.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA?
a)
 Met-Pro-Val-Stop
b)
Met-Pro-Arg-Stop
c)
 Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
46.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU 
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
47.
What is transcription?
a)
When DNA is turned into RNA
b)
When RNA is turned into proteins
c)
When proteins are turned into DNA
d)
When proteins are turned in RNA
48.
What is translation?
a)
When DNA is turned into RNA
b)
When RNA is turned into proteins
c)
When proteins are turned into DNA
d)
When proteins are turned in RNA
49.
Which is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA?
a)
RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded
b)
RNA contains Uracil, DNA doesn't
c)
DNA has to stay in the nucleus, RNA doesn't
d)
RNA has extra proteins attached and DNA doesn't
50.
Which is the organelle that makes proteins?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Rough ER
d)
Golgi Apparatus
51.
Where is the DNA located?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Golgi Apparatus
d)
Rough ER
52.
What is true about RNA?
a)
It is indestructible
b)
It can travel outside of the nucleus
c)
It has five nucleotides
d)
It contains twice as much thymine as DNA
53.
What is the correct order?
a)
Transcription then Translation
b)
Translation then transcription
c)
Translation then replication
d)
Replication then Translation
54.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
55.
mRNA is read in chunks of three, called...
a)
quadralets
b)
anticodons
c)
codons
d)
capsids
56.
What is a Gene?
a)
A segment of RNA that encodes for a protein
b)
A chromosome
c)
A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein
d)
Your genome
57.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
58.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
59.

Which type of mutation is MOST LIKELY to cause the greatest disruption?

a)

Frameshift

b)

Silent

c)

Point

60.

Failure of homologous chromosomes

to separate during meiosis.

Results in gametes with either one extra or one missing chromosome.

a)

Translocation

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Replication

d)

Transcription

61.

A point mutation where DNA adenine (A)

is replaced by thymine (T) resulting in a single amino acid change during translation(affects blood cell

shape and function)

a)

Encephelitis

b)

Hemophilia

c)

Sickle Cell Anemia

d)

Influenza

62.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
63.
Why is the order of amino acids so important?
a)
The order of amino acids dictates what shape the protein will fold into.
b)
It is not important. The protein folding chamber will force the protein to fold into the correct shape.
64.
Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism's offspring?
a)
Yes, because any change to the DNA is passed on to the offspring
b)
Maybe. Sex cells only use half of the body's genetic code. It might get the copy of a gene that wasn't mutated.
c)
No. Only mutations that occur in the gametes (sex cells) are passed on to the offspring
d)
Without knowing the animal, it would be hard to tell whether or not the mutation would be passed on.
65.
Using the codon chart here or at your table to identify the amino acid sequence:
AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA
a)
MET-HIS-ALA-GLY-STOP
b)
MET-PRO-GLY-VAL-STOP
c)
MET-PRO-VAL-GLY-STOP
d)
MET-THR-SER-ASP-STOP
66.
Long tongues (T) are dominant to short tongues in green tree frogs.  What is the probability that two frogs that are heterozygous for long tongues could produce offspring with short tongues?
a)
100%
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
67.
Why is crossing over important?
a)
Increases the number of genes that can be inherited
b)
Increases genetic variation
c)
Decreases the occurrence of genetic diseases
d)
Decreases the number of genes that can be inherited
68.
Purple is dominant to white. A heterozygous purple flower is crossed with a white flower. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
a)
100% Pp (purple)
b)
50% Pp (purple); 50% pp (white)
c)
75% Pp (purple); 25% pp (white)
d)
25% PP, 50% Pp, 25% pp
75% purple, 25% white
69.
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co dominance
c)
Independent assortment
d)
Recessive inheritance
70.
A dihybrid cross shows the possible outcomes of _______ 
a)
two alleles
b)
two parents
c)
two traits/characters
d)
a self pollination
71.
T4 - Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What percentage of the offspring of the cross BbTt x BBtt will have black fur and long tails?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
72.
What is a phenotype
a)
The genetic make up (code)
b)
The physical trait
73.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
74.
Which of the following genotypes would be considered heterozygous?
a)
BB
b)
gg
c)
Ff
d)
TT
75.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
T
76.

The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring is known as

a)

heredity

b)

trait

c)

gene

d)

allele

77.

An organism's genetic makeup

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

heterzygous

d)

allele

78.
Which statement best describes the importance of sexual reproduction?
a)
sexual reproduction produces variation in offspring
b)
sexual reprosuction provides regeneration of body parts
c)
sexual reproduction occurs between individuals of the same species
d)
sexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical
79.
This image shows chromosomes during Prophase 1. Which of the following correctly describes the process shown?
a)
segregation of sister chromatids
b)
condensation and segregation of alleles
c)
mutationin which the DNA content of the gene is altered
d)
crossing - over in which alleles are exchanged

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