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Life Science Test Review

Total questions: 144

Worksheet time: 2hrs 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which fossil is the youngest?

a)

fossil A

b)

fossil B

c)

fossil C

d)

fossils A and B are the same age

2.

What is the importance of studying fossils?

a)

to provide information about how current life forms would exist in previous environmental conditions

b)

to provide information about how life and environmental conditions may have changed

c)

to provide information about how previous life forms would exist in current environmental conditions

3.

Scientists frequently use all of the following to support the theory that organisms change over time except

a)

similarities in number of mates.

b)

similarities in body structure

c)

similarities in early development.

d)

. similarities in DNA.

4.

London is studying the geological time scale. Which era would London find Humans in?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Cenozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Mesozoic

5.

Ramiro is studying the Mesozoic era. Which two living things would he find in this era?

a)

flowers

b)

amphibians

c)

dinosaurs

d)

coral reef

e)

humans

6.

Which type of fossil preservation is shown above?

a)

carbon film

b)

trace fossil

c)

original remains

d)

perminerailzed remains

7.

Scientists have found large groups of fossils of marine organisms on mountaintops. What does this tell scientists about the past?

a)

That these rocks must have been moved there by some one else.

b)

That these rocks were always above the surface of an ocean

c)

That these organisms left the ocean and climbed to the top of an inland mountain to die

d)

That these rocks were once below the surface of an ocean

8.

Fossils provide evidence of __________.

a)

how life and the environment has remained stable over time

b)

how the climate and weather has remained stable over time

c)

how life and the environmental conditions have changed over time

9.

Scientists can estimate the ages of rock if they contain certain __________.

a)

carbons

b)

sediments

c)

index fossils

d)

minerals

10.

When scientists analyze the fossil record, they find organisms that are similar to some organisms of today with noticeable changes. How does this help scientists to interpret the past?

a)

It doesn't help them at all.

b)

It allows them to see how organisms have changed over time

c)

It allows them to see how organisms have remained the same over time

11.

According to the diagram, which of the following statements is true?

a)

Fossil C and D are the same age.

b)

Fossil C is younger than Fossil D

c)

Fossil B is youngest

d)

Fossil A is oldest.

12.

How can fossils tell us about Earth's past?

a)

Fossils give clues about environmental changes where the organism lived.

b)

Fossils can be used to date the time period of rocks and rock layers when the organism lived.

c)

Fossils can give clues of changes in the organism's body structure over time.

d)

All of the above are true.

13.

Scientists have found that the elephant shrew and the elephant share more DNA sequences than does the elephant shrew with a rodent. This evidence for evolution suggests to scientists that the elephant shrew and elephant

a)

are the same organism.

b)

may share a common ancestor

c)

have different ancestors

d)

are the same organism.

14.

What is the geological time scale ?

a)

A clock

b)

A calendar

c)

Something that divides Earths history into groups

15.
Relative dating of rock layers tells us that the deeper we dig, _______.
a)
the younger the rocks get
b)
the smellier the rocks get
c)
the harder the rocks get
d)
the older the rocks get
16.
How old do Paleontologists believe the Earth is?
a)
2015 years old
b)
3.6 billion years old
c)
4.6 billion years old
d)
4.6 million years old
17.
The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic are divisions in the geologic time scale called ____
a)
centuries
b)
layers
c)
periods
d)
eras
18.
What is absolute dating
a)
The age when the rock was formed 
b)
dinner and movie with a rock 
c)
A range of rock compared to other rocks 
d)
Relative dating 
19.

Law of Superposition states

a)

Younger rocks are on bottom, Older rocks are on top

b)

Older rocks are on bottom, Younger rocks are on top

c)

Rocks are spread out evenly

20.

What helps geologists match rock layers, and determine the relative ages of the rocks.

a)

Index fossils

b)

fossil fuels

c)

Index rocks

21.
The geological time scale is divided into many subdivisions. The largest subdivision is
a)
Eras
b)
Periods
c)
Eons
d)
Epochs
22.
The statement that the oldest layer will be at the bottom in an undisturbed sequence of rock layers is called the Principle of ....
a)
Inclusions
b)
Unconformities
c)
Cross-Cutting Relationships
d)
Superposition
23.
Relative age dating is used to determine the...
a)
actual age of an event
b)
length of time between two events
c)
age of one event in comparison with other events
d)
rate at which a gologic process occurs
24.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
25.
The age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks is the rock's
a)
absolute age
b)
geologic age
c)
sedimentary age
d)
relative age
26.
The number of years that have passed since the rock formed is the rock's
a)
relative age
b)
law of superposition
c)
absolute age
d)
index fossil
27.
How does absolute age differ from relative age?
a)
only absolute dating indicates which rock is older than another
b)
only absolute dating finds the age in years
c)
only relative dating finds the age in years
28.
Which type of dating method can be used on rock layers by applying the Law of Superposition?
a)
relative dating
b)
absolute dating
c)
radioactive dating
d)
radiometric dating
29.
By saying: "I am older than my sister," is an example of which type of dating used in Geology:
a)
Relative Age/Dating
b)
Absolute Age/Dating
c)
Chronological Sibling Timelies
d)
Fossil Age/Dating
30.
The best index fossils have which two traits?
a)
widespread geographically, long lifespan
b)
widespread geographically, short lifespan
c)
specific place, long lifespan
d)
specific place, short lifespan
31.

In which time period are we currently living?

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

32.

Jellyfish are one of the oldest species on Earth. In what time period did they first appear?

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

33.

Uses the decay of radioactive elements to find the ___________________________ of a rock or fossil.

a)

Relative age

b)

Absolute age

c)

New age

d)

Real Age

34.

Division of periods in geological history

a)

Eons

b)

Epoch

c)

Era

d)

Law of Superposition

35.

Chronological chart that shows the events and past lives of organisms in Earth's history.

a)

Geological Time Scale

b)

Cambrian Explosion

c)

Eon

d)

Era

36.
The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?
a)
old geologists
b)
sweet geology music
c)
the known history of rocks and fossils
d)
a list of every living thing ever
37.

This chronological time chart is broken into different time chunks, the largest being the Eon, then Era, Period, and Epoch.

a)

Timeline

b)

Calendar

c)

Geological time scale

d)

Time chart

38.

Preserved remains of plant and animals from the remote past are called _______________.

a)

Rocks

b)

Dinosaurs

c)

Strata

d)

Fossils

39.

In which of the following eras did humans first appear in the fossil record?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

40.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fossil?
a)
a petrified dinosaur bone
b)
a footprint captured in mud
c)
a seashell found on the beach
d)
an insect stuck in amber
41.
Which of the following is NOT something you could learn from a fossil?
a)
The size of the animal
b)
What the animal ate
c)
The color of the animal
d)
Where the animal lived
42.
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches 
 
a)
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse.
c)
all eat the same type of food.
d)
descended from a common ancestor.
43.

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the

a)

possession of adaptations developed through use.

b)

possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.

c)

lack of competition within the species.

d)

choices made by plant and animal breeders.

44.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
45.

Any variation that can help a species survive in a given environment is called...

a)

an adapatation

b)

a characteristic

c)

a homologous structure

d)

a vestigial structure

46.
When every organism of a species has died.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artificial Selection
47.
These moths are all the same species. The differences between their wings is an example of ________________
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Variation
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Extinction
48.
The long and sharp beak of a woodpecker is an example of:
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Selective Breeding
49.

What can scientists learn about fossils using techniques of absolute-age dating?

a)

extimated ages of fossils in rock layers

b)

precise ages of fossils in rock layers

c)

causes of fossil disappearances in rock layers

d)

structural similarities to other fossils in rock layers

50.

Which is the source of variations in a population of organisms?

a)

changes in environment

b)

changes in genes

c)

the interaction of genes with an evnironment

d)

the interaction of individuals with an environment

51.

Which is NOT an example of a vestigial structure?

a)

eyes of a blind salamander

b)

pelvic bones in a whale

c)

thorns on a rose bush

d)

wings on a flightless bird

52.

Which do the images represent?

a)

analogous structures

b)

embryological structures

c)

homologous structures

d)

vestigial structures

53.

Which is an example of a sudden change that could lead to the extinction of species?

a)

a mountain range isolates a species

b)

Earth's tectonic plates move

c)

a volcano erupts

d)

sea level changes

54.

Which is the sequence by which natural selection works?

a)

selection → adaptation → variation

b)

selection → variation → adaptation

c)

variation → adaptation → selection

d)

variation → selection → adaptation

55.
Which evidence of common ancestry is being studied in this visual?
a)
biogeography
b)
fossil record
c)
anatomical homology
56.
Scientists compare the limbs of organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry. These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they -
a)
perform the same function
b)
are the same size
c)
have the same basic structure
d)
are parts of the same animal
57.
Which evidence of common ancestry is being studied in this visual?
a)
developmental homology
b)
molecular homology
c)
anatomical homology
58.
What conclusions can be made based on this table shown?
a)
the American black bear and the giant panda are most closely related
b)
the giant panda and the red panda are most closely related
c)
the red panda and the racoon are the most closely related
59.
The picture shows the members of the Camelidae family. The physical features and the geographical origin of these animals provide evidence that - 
a)
they live in the same type of environment.
b)
have slowly evolved to become herbivores.
c)
have a common ancestor.
d)
exchanged DNA in the past.
60.
  If two organisms have the same structures (even if they have a different function ex: leg bones of various mammals), it is considered _________________, but if they have different structures that perform the same function (ex: wings of birds and butterflies), it is considered ____________________.
a)
Analogous; Homologous
b)
b. Helpful; Harmful
c)
c. Homologous; Analogous
d)
d. Harmful; Helpful
61.
Using Data Table 1, which organism shares a most recent common ancestor with rabbits?
a)
Fly
b)
Bat
c)
Tree
d)
Bacterium
62.
Using the Data Table 1, which organism is least related to rabbits?
a)
Fly
b)
Bat
c)
Tree
d)
Bacterium
63.
 Using the cladogram to the right, flies are most closely related to:
a)
Beetles
b)
Wasps
c)
Butterflies
d)
Ants
64.
Using the cladogram to the right, which organism(s) do not have jaws?
a)
Lancelet
b)
Leopard
c)
Turtle
d)
Tuna
65.
Which of the following best shows that two different organisms have a relatively recent common ancestor?
a)
They are the same size
b)
They have similar amino acid sequences
c)
They live in the same type of habitat
d)
They reproduce during the same season
66.

Evolution occurs as organisms ___________.

a)

are buried in sediment

b)

obtain structures that they no longer use

c)

are carbonized

d)

adapt to their environments

67.

A paleontologist uncovers a series of fossils in a piece of rock.


-Fossil A was found 1 meter deep.

-Fossil B was found 3 meters deep.

-Fossil C was found 4 meters deep.

-Fossil D was found 10 meters deep.


Which fossil is the oldest?

a)

Fossil A

b)

Fossil B

c)

Fossil C

d)

Fossil D

68.

Chicks and humans both have gill slits during development. What does this tell us about chicks and humans?

a)

Their embryos use gills to breathe during development.

b)

They both evolved from a common ancestor who had gills.

c)

Chicks are able to breathe underwater.

d)

They evolved from different ancestors.

69.

Which statement can be best supported by the pictures of the embryos.

a)

Chickens are more closely related to tortoises than rabbits are.

b)

Rabbits, chickens, tortoises, and fish are all equally related to each another.

c)

Fish do NOT share a common ancestor with other vertebrates.

d)

Fish and chicken are the least closely related.

70.

All organisms are derived from a common distant relative. This is to be believed as the:

a)

species

b)

geographic isolation

c)

speciation

d)

theory of evolution

71.

Examine the image.


What is the correct term for this diagram?

a)

speciation

b)

natural selection

c)

cladogram

d)

isolation

72.

Examine the diagram.


What can we conclude from the image?

a)

evolution doesn't exist

b)

all organisms are shaped from a single common ancestor

c)

evolution has stopped

d)

i am not sure

73.

Homologous Structures help us to understand that

a)

Many species are no longer alive.

b)

Some species share a common ancestor

c)

All organisms share similar bones.

74.

The data in the diagram is evidence that —

a)

a new species of horse suddenly appeared

b)

horses slowly developed over time

c)

horses have similar stages of rapid embryological development

d)

horses have a common ancestry with other hooved animals

75.

These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they —

a)

have the same basic structure

b)

perform the same function

c)

are the same size

d)

are parts of mammals

76.

The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they —

a)

belong to the same species

b)

must range great distances to eat

c)

have very similar skeletal structures

d)

are descended from a common ancestor

77.

Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus

a)

The primates lived in similar environments.

b)

The primates shared a common ancestor.

c)

The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.

d)

The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

78.

Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

a)

Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas.

b)

Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses.

c)

Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.

d)

Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.

79.

Which is an example of analogous structures?

a)

bat wing and cat leg

b)

human arm and whale fin

c)

butterfly wing and bat wing

d)

whale fin and cat arm

80.

A branching diagram that shows how a group of organisms might be related to each other.

a)

Phylogenetics

b)

Cladistics

c)

Cladogram

d)

Taxonomy

81.

Finding fossils of coral along a highway is evidence that

a)

the road was once underwater

b)

coral used to live on land

c)

in the past, the area was underwater

d)

coral was used to build the road

82.

Which is best for possible fossil formation.

a)

slow burial in a sandy environment

b)

quick burial in a sandy environment

c)

quick burial in lava

d)

slow burial in lava

83.

Trace fossils provide evidence for

a)

past temperatures

b)

activities of past life

c)

what colors an organism might have been

d)

mountain building

84.

Which animal is most closely related to birds?

a)

shark

b)

Primate

c)

rabbit

d)

crocodile

85.

Which type of evidence of evolution is shown in the diagram below?

a)

molecular evidence

b)

Comparative anatomy

c)

comparative embryology

d)

fossil evidence

86.

Which animal is most distantly related to the bird?

a)

shark

b)

rabbit

c)

primate

d)

crocodile

87.

Which is an example of analogous structures?

a)

bat wing and cat leg

b)

human arm and whale fin

c)

butterfly wing and bat wing

d)

whale fin and cat arm

88.

When something is similar in function to something else, we refer to it as ___________.

a)

vestigial

b)

homologous

c)

extinct

d)

dormant

89.

If something continues to exist without retaining its original function, it is considered to be ___________.

a)

vestigial

b)

homologous

c)

useful

d)

extinct

90.

The human hemoglobin molecule contains a chain of 146 amino acids. The chart below shows how many amino acids in other animal hemoglobin differ from the human hemoglobin. Based on this evidence alone, to what animal are humans more closely related?

a)

Rhesus monkey

b)

Mouse

c)

Chicken

d)

Frog

91.

What can we conclude from the similarities in the baleen whale and hummingbird skeletons?

a)

The whale could fly at one time.

b)

The hummingbird could once swim.

c)

Both animals evolved from a common ancestor.

d)

There is nothing to conclude because they are so different.

92.
The change over time in populations of related species.
a)
biological evolution
b)
transition
c)
variation
d)
adaptation
93.
These cause variations.
a)
mutations
b)
adaptations
c)
a desire to change
d)
injuries
94.
A slight difference in an inherited trait between individual members of the same species.
a)
variations
b)
adapatations
c)
homologous structures
d)
analogous structures
95.
An inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing.
a)
variation
b)
adaptation
c)
vestigial structure
d)
mutation
96.
The study of the similarity and differences in body structures between species.
a)
comparative anatomy
b)
embryology
c)
molecular biology
d)
archaeology
97.
Body parts of organisms that are the same in structure and position but different in function.
a)
embryos
b)
homologous structures
c)
analogous structures
d)
vestigial structures
98.
Body parts that function like each other, but are different in structure.
a)
embryos
b)
homologous structures
c)
analogous structures
d)
vestigial structures
99.
Body parts that have lost their original function.
a)
embryos
b)
homologous structures
c)
analogous structures
d)
vestigial structures
100.
Organisms with these structures are believed to be closely related.
a)
analogous structures
b)
homologous structures 
c)
mutated DNA
d)
gills
101.
Organisms with these structures are NOT believed to be closely related.
a)
analogous structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
vestigial strucutres
d)
gills
102.
Organisms with these are believed to be related to an organism who once used the body part.
a)
analogous structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
vestigial structures 
d)
gills
103.
Studying the development of ____ can provide scientists with evidence that certain species are related.
a)
fish
b)
embryos
c)
Tiktaalik
d)
vestigial structures
104.
When an organism has a trait that allows it to blend in with its environment, we call that ____.
a)
mimicry
b)
camouflage
c)
lucky
d)
sonic hedgehog gene
105.
The English naturalist that developed the theory of how evolution works.
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Charles M. Schulz
c)
Charles Dickens
d)
Charles Norris
106.
Which type of fossil is this?
a)
imprint
b)
whole body
c)
cast
107.
Which is the most accurate method of dating fossils?
a)
radioactive
b)
relative
c)
studying layers in the earth
108.
Evolution typically happens...
a)
in a few weeks
b)
over millions of years
c)
never
d)
in 100 years
109.
Which of the following is NOT considered evidence of evolution?
a)
similar DNA
b)
similar development
c)
similar behavior
d)
vestigial structures
110.
Bird's beaks evolve mainly due to the type of ___________________ available.
a)
food
b)
water
c)
shrubs
d)
mates
111.
If an organism can't adapt fast enough, this might happen.
a)
hibernate
b)
stay the same
c)
live longer
d)
become extinct
112.
Darwin said that the number of offspring an organism has ___________________
a)
stays the same
b)
is more than can survive
c)
is less than needed
113.
Darwin said that within a species there will be _________________________
a)
nothing different
b)
variation/differences
114.
Organisms with differences/variations that are helpful will ______________________
a)
live longer
b)
become extinct
c)
show no change
115.
What can happen to a species over time if some of the organisms have an advantage?
a)
The population will decrease
b)
The population will become extinct
c)
The population will slowly increase
116.
Why don't we see horses with individual toes/paws anymore?
a)
It isn't an advantage
b)
It was too helpful
c)
It helped them run faster
117.

What is natural selection?

a)

When reproduction occurs and mutations happen.

b)

When a offspring has the traits from its parents.

c)

When an organism is able to camoflauge in its environment.

d)

the process whereby organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring.

118.

In a cold environment what would be some adaptive traits? Sellect all that apply.

a)

thick blubber

b)

thick fur

c)

thin fur

d)

strong muscles

119.

What is a mutation?

a)

When animals have extra legs

b)

When a frog has 3 eyes

c)

When genes or DNA have been alterd or changed

d)

When RNA is upside down

120.

What is a trait?

a)

a color

b)

the quality or characteristic of an organism

c)

the DNA of an organism

d)

when mutatuons cause extra limbs.

121.

What is an adaptive trait?

a)

A genetic trait that helps an organism to maximize its survival and reproduction ability

b)

A trait that makes an animal strong

c)

a trait that makes an animal weak

d)

a poisonus plant

122.

What is a non-adaptive trait?

a)

a trait that does not help an organism surive and reproduce.

b)

a trait that causes animals to be come more fit

c)

a trait that allows animals to camoflauge

d)

it causes a mutation

123.

Why do offspring share traits from both parents?

a)

offspring choose the traits they want

b)

offspring get 75 percent of the traits from their father

c)

offspring get 50 percent of each parents DNA

124.

What must organisms do when an environment changes?

a)

Adapt

b)

Camoflauge

c)

become common

d)

fight

125.

Why are some traits more common in some populations?

a)

It is random

b)

organims choose their traits

c)

common traits are ussualy adaptive and help organisms survive and reproduce

d)

organisms traits change all the time

126.

According to most scientists, what is the ultimate cause of most mass extinctions?

a)

overhunting

b)

evolution of new species to replace old ones

c)

major change in environment due to extreme natural events

d)

asteroid impact

127.
Which of the following species is extinct?
a)
woolly mammoth
b)
giant panda
c)
bald eagle
d)
green sea turtle
128.
Which of the following is NOT a reason a species may become extinct?
a)
competition
b)
reproducing
c)
habitat loss
d)
overhunting
129.

When a plant or animal becomes extinct, it is gone _______.

a)

forever

b)

until next week

c)

for 5 years

d)

to sleep

130.
Humans are causing extiction in which ways?
a)
By over hunting animals for food or products.
b)
By destroying the natural habitat of species.
c)
By polluting the environments of the world.
d)
All of the above.
131.

How many mass extinctions have occurred on Earth?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

132.

What % of the species that have every lived are alive today?

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

50%

d)

75%

133.
What is a mass extinction?
a)
When all the species in a particular area on earth suddenly go extinct
b)
When multiple species from all over the earth suddenly go extinct 
c)
When one species goes extinct due to habitat changes
d)
When all life on earth is wiped out 
134.
There have been _____ mass extinction events in Earth's history.
a)
3
b)
4
c)
5
d)
2
135.
At the end of the Mesozoic Era there was a mass extinction.  Which of the following is attributed as being the main cause?
a)
asteroid or comet impact
b)
major volcanic eruption
c)
earthquakes
d)
climatic changes
136.

Which era is known as the age of the mammals?

a)

Mesozoic Era

b)

Holocene Epoch

c)

Cenozoic Era

d)

Cambrian

137.
Paleozoic, Mesozoic & Cenozoic are all
a)
Epochs
b)
Eras
c)
Periods
d)
Eons
138.

There have been 5 mass extinctions in Earth's history. Which of the following answer choices was a cause of these extinctions?

a)

increased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere

b)

an asteroid impact

c)

melting of glaciers and rising sea levels

d)

widespread volcanic activity

e)

All of them

139.

Which of the following is a natural cause of extinction?

a)

pollution

b)

clearing trees in a rainforest

c)

climate change

d)

volcanic eruptions

140.

Which of the following is a man-made cause of extinction?

a)

impact from an asteroid or comet

b)

competition among species

c)

global cooling during ice ages

d)

habitat destruction

141.

How do fossils form

a)

an insect becomes trapped in amber

b)

an entire organism becomes frozen in ice.

c)

a dead organism becomes buried in sediment

d)

All of the above

142.

Which of the following is most likely to become preserved as a fossil?

a)

a leaf

b)

a worm

c)

jelly fish

d)

clam shell

143.

Explain why there are no fossils of many early forms of life

a)

Early forms of life where too soft to form fossils

b)

Early forms of life were very, very small so finding fossilised remains is very difficult.

c)

Most dead organisms do not form fossils they decay

d)

All of the above

144.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fossil?
a)
a petrified dinosaur bone
b)
a footprint captured in mud
c)
a seashell found on the beach
d)
an insect stuck in amber