A zone in a loaded soil mass bounded by an arbitrarily selected isobar of stress, as from a single or number of friction piles

A line connecting points of equal pressure

A pile depending principally on the bearing resistance of soil or rock beneath its foot for support

A pile depending principally on the frictional resistance of surrounding earth for support

A pile driven at a specified angle to the vertical in order to provide resistance against lateral forces

A heavy steel pipe driven with the lower end either open or closed by a heavy steel plate or point and filled with concrete

The maximum axial and lateral loads permitted on a pile, as determined by a dynamic pile formula, a static load test, or a geotechnical investigation of the foundation soil

The deviation of a pile from its plan location or from the vertical, resulting in a reduction of its allowable load

The permitted deviation of a pile from the vertical, for which a reduction in allowable load is not required

The friction developed between the sides of a pile and the soil into which the pile is driven, limited by the adhesion of soil to the pile sides and the shear strength of the surrounding soil mass

An additional load on a pile resulting from settling of fill, which tends to drag the pile downward into the soil

A steel band encircling the head of a timber pile to prevent it from splitting when driven. Also called pile ring.

The component of a pile hammer, located just below the ram, that transfers the driving force to the pile head

A cap for protecting a pile head as well as the pile hammer during a driving operation

A machine for driving piles, usually composed of a tall framework supporting machinery for lifting a pile in position before driving, a driving hammer, and vertical rails or leads for guiding the hammer

The hard, pointed, or rounded foot of a pile or caisson for piercing underlying soil

A steel H-section driven as a pile, sometimes encased in concrete to a point below the water table to prevent corrosion

A log driven usually as a friction pile, often fitted with a steel shoe and a drive band to prevent it from splitting or shattering

A precast, often prestressed concrete column, having a round, square, or polygonal section and sometimes open core, driven into the earth by a pile driver until it meets the required resistance

A pile constructed of two materials, such as a timber pile having a concrete upper section to prevent the portion of the pile above the water table from deteriorating

Any of several formulas which the allowable axial load on a pile can be calculated from the energy required for a pile hammer to advance the pile foot a specified distance into the subsoil

A test for determining the allowable axial load on a single pile, usually a fraction of the load required to reach a yield point, a point of resistance, or a point of refusal

The point at which a pile load causes a specified net settlement, after being applied continuously for a specified period of time

The point at which no additional settlement takes place after a pile has been loaded continuously for a specified period of time

The point at which an increase in pile load produces a disproportionate increase in settlement

A pile constructed by placing concrete into a shaft in the ground

A concrete pile constructed by driving a steel pipe or casing into the ground until it meets the required resistance and then filling it with concrete

A concrete pile constructed by driving a concrete plug into the ground along with a steel casing until it meets the required resistance, and then ramming concrete into place as the casing is withdrawn

A base for a footing in soft soil, made by compacting sand in a cavity left by a timber pile

A cast-in-place concrete pile having an enlarged foot to increase its bearing area and strengthen the bearing stratum by compression, formed by forcing concrete out at the bottom of the casing into the surrounding soil

A reinforced concrete slab or mat joining the heads of a cluster of piles to distribute the load from a column or grade beam equally among the piles

A cylindrical steel section, sometimes corrugated or tapered for increased stiffness, driven or dropped in place to serve as a form for a cast-in-place concrete pile

A heavy steel tube or core that is inserted into a thin-walled casing to prevent it from collapsing in the driving process, and then withdrawn before concrete is placed in the casing

A cast-in-place concrete foundation formed by boring with a large auger or excavating by hand a shaft in the earth to a suitable bearing stratum and filling the shaft with concrete

A pier, esp. when the boring is 610 mm (2 ft.) or larger in diameter to permit inspection of the bottom

The base of a caisson enlarged to increase its bearing area

An attachment to an earth auger having expanding blades for excavating a bell at the bottom of a caisson shaft

A reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically loaded pile cap or spread footing to other pile caps or footings

A bulge cast or formed at the bottom of a cast-in-place concrete pile to enlarge its bearing area and strengthen the bearing stratum by compression

A caisson that is drilled into a stratum of solid rock rather than belled

A socketed caisson having a steel H-section core within a concrete-filled pipe casing