2. Students are going to conduct an investigation in which they will need to measure the speed of an object. Which two tools will they need to get the appropriate measurements to determine speed?

Students dropped marbles into graduated cylinders filled with the same amount of three different liquids. The time it took the marble to reach the bottom was recorded in the table below. The procedure was repeated three times for each liquid. The students believe that the measurement of 2.2 seconds for Trial 3 of Liquid 3 is incorrect. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of what caused the error?

4. Students are going to test how the mass of an object affects its movement. They will use an electric fan to blow air on a set of playground balls and measure how far they travel before stopping. What is an important component of the design of this investigation?

5. Students are investigating the forces that act on a wagon as it rolls down a hill. Which of the following would be the best way for students to determine how the mass of the wagon affects the speed it rolls down the hill?

Which of the following is a process that creates the sediments that form sedimentary rock?

Coal and oil formed in places that, in ancient times, produced large amounts of –

Which of the following locations would most likely produce sedimentary rock after much time has passed?

In order for plants to be changed into fossil fuels, the plants must first die, and then be –

10. Small particles of broken down rock can be formed into sedimentary rock when they are buried and then –

11. Which of the following best describes how a landform might be created by moving wind, water or ice?

12. Which of the following best describes how erosion can change the shape of a valley?

13. Observations of sand dunes, like the one pictured below in the Mojave Desert, reveal two characteristics of dunes. First, sand dunes have a long side with a gentle slope and a short side with a steep slope. Second, they tend to move from one place to another over time. Which of the following best explains the cause of these characteristics?

14. Students wanted to model the way erosion by water can create certain land forms. They let water pour, in a thin line, over a salt brick for half an hour. The way in which the brick changed is shown above. Which of the following best describes the real world landform they modeled?

15. All of the following land forms are the result of moving wind, water, or ice EXCEPT—

16. Solar energy is considered an alternative energy resource because it---

17. All of the following are considered alternative energy sources EXCEPT –

18. One of the advantages of alternative energy resources over fossil fuels is that alternative energy resources –

19. What would be the best title for the second column on the chart below?

20. Studying the fossils of a certain region is best for giving scientists evidence about which of the following characteristics of that area?

21. In the rock layers below the Antarctic, a region currently covered in ice, scientists have discovered the remains of plants that usually live only in very warm climates. What is the most reasonable conclusion for scientists to draw from this evidence?

22. The chart below shows the kinds of fossils found in a certain region at different depths in the rock layers. The most recent environment, for which this sequence of fossils gives us evidence, was most likely what?

23. According to the evidence on the chart, which of the following lived in this area at the same time as dinosaurs?

25. Which of the following is data that would be included in a description of a region’s climate?

26. Which of the following is an example of data that would be considered weather, as opposed to climate?

27. All of the following correctly describe characteristics of weather and climate EXCEPT –

28. All of the following are processes that form part of the water cycle EXCEPT –

1. Which of the following supplies the energy that drives the water cycle on Earth?

1. Students wanted to understand the relationship between sunlight and evaporation in a body of water, like the ocean. They collected data on the average number of hours of daylight for each month and the potential evaporation in millimeters. The two graphs below show the data they collected. What is the potential evaporation in millimeters for a month if the number of daylight hours is twelve?

31. A student wanted a model to demonstrate what causes day and night on Earth. The model, illustrated below, was created by placing a softball on a table in a dark room and shining a flashlight on it. In this model, what most likely represents the Sun?

32. Which of the following is best explained by understanding that Earth rotates on its axis once each day?

33. Looking at the diagram below, the next event that can be expected in Houston in a couple of hours is—

34. Which of the following best explains what causes the apparent motion of the Sun through the sky?

35. Rounded to the nearest hour, how long does it take Earth to rotate on its axis once?

36. According to the picture, in which of the following does the arrow correctly show the flow of energy at one level in a prairie food web?

37. In the final step in any food web, special organisms are the last ones to break down plants and animals to get their energy. This final step is carried out by which of the following?

38. The primary source that provides the original source of energy in any food web is –

39. Suppose the prairie grass population were to suddenly and greatly decrease in the habitat illustrated with the food web below. Which population of organisms would be most directly affected?

40. Scientists have been collecting data for a number of years on the number of elephants in one of Africa’s largest national parks. Based on the data below, in which year is it most reasonable to conclude that the park experienced a severe drought, when very little rain fell and the animals did not have enough water?

41. Fertilizers that farmers put on crops to help them grow often contain chemicals that can be harmful to other living things. When heavy rains carry fertilizers from farms to the local ecosystem, this is likely to have the most harmful effect on which organisms?

42. The hunting by humans of a population of buffalo is likely to have what effect on the ecosystem of the buffalo?

43. Which of the following would most likely result in a decrease in the population of insect-eating birds that build their nests in trees?

44. Animals need air to survive. What specific gas in the atmosphere do the animals take in to live?

45. Burning fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the air. What could be done to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and increase the amount of oxygen in areas where fossil fuels are burned?

46. Plants need sunlight, air, and water to survive. What component of air is needed by the plants?

47. In the illustration below arrow 1 represents the gas that animals contribute to the atmosphere, and arrow 2 represents the gas that plants contribute to the atmosphere. Which of the following correctly identifies these gases?

48. The arctic fox has white fur during the part of the year and brown fur during the rest of the year. This adaptation is helpful for an animal in what kind of habitat? A habitat that –

49. Plants grow very close together in the rainforest. Many rainforest trees have very tall trunks and wide leaves. These adaptations help the trees in competing for which of their needs?

50. Which of the following is the only stage found in both complete and incomplete metamorphosis?

51. Which of the following characteristics of a grasshopper’s life cycle allows us to determine that it goes through incomplete metamorphosis?

Which one is less dense than water

What is an animal that eat ONLY Plants Called?

A student classifies the objects shown based on their physical properties. Which property cannot be used to classify these objects into more than one group?

A student is working on a science project and is going through each step of the scientific method. After the student conducts his or her first experiment and records the results of the experimental test, what should the student do next?

Electrical cords, such as the cords of a television or the cord on a toaster, are covered with rubber or plastic. What would you expect to happen if a portion of the rubber covering were missing when you tried to plug the cord in?

A student places 250 g samples of clay, sand, gravel, and silt in separate flower pots. The pots are set on a wire rack, and dishes are placed beneath the pots so that water can drip through holes and collect. The student then pours 100 mL of water over the sample in each pot. The student measures the time it takes for water to begin dripping from the bottom of each pot.What property of soils is the student most likely examining with this procedure?

Which of these describes one or more living organisms that depend on another living organism to survive?

Some students are feeding a crab in an aquarium. They use tongs to place the food directly in front of the crab. The students look through the side of the aquarium. They notice that the image of the tongs appears to break as the tongs enter the water. Which property of light are the students observing in this situation?

The Grand Canyon is more than 400 km long and in some places almost 2 km deep. Which model best represents the main process that formed the Grand Canyon?