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WorksheetsES The Environment and Human Health CFA/Pre-test
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins
_________ is the study of the harmful effects of substances on organisms.
Toxicology
Epidemiology
Virology
None of these
The amount of harmful chemical to which a person is exposed is called ________.
dose.
immunity.
vaccination.
none of these.
___________ is the study of the spread of diseases.
Epidemiology
Virology
Toxicology
None of these
____________ is an estimate of the risk posed by an action or substance.
Risk assessment
Benefit-cost ratio
Cost analysis
None of these
A(n) _______________ shows the relative effect of various doses of a drug or chemical on an organism as determined by experiments.
dose-response curve
immunization chart
vaccination record
none of these
__________ are particles in the air that are small enough to breathe into our lungs and cause irritation.
Particulates
Pathogens
Parasites
None of these
Pollution causes illnesses in two main ways: They are __________ and ____________ causes.
Contact, non-contact
Direct, indirect
Contact, indirect
Direct, non-contact
Whether a chemical has toxic effect, depends on ____________.
dose.
location.
type.
none of these.
There is a(n) _____________, which has no effect on health.
overdose
threshold dose
toxic dose
lethal dose
Naturally occurring pollutants become _____________ to health when they become ____________ above normal levels in the environment.
Safe, concentrated
Hazardous, un-concentrated
Safe, un-concentrated
Hazardous, concentrated
_________________ causes nerve damage, birth defects, and cancer.
Pesticides
Lead
Coal dust
Bacteria in food
___________ causes brain damage and learning problems
Lead
Pesticides
Bacteria in food
Coal dust
__________ causes respiratory damage such asthma, bronchitis, and cancer.
Particulate matter
Lead
Pesticides
Coal dust
__________ causes black lung cancer.
Coal dust.
Lead
Pesticides
Particulate metter
____________ causes gastrointestinal infections.
Bacteria in food
Pesticides
Coal Dust
Lead
The CDC released studies showing that chemical residue, such as __________ and ___________ have declined over the past 25 years.
nicotine and lead
lead and mercury
nicotine and mercury
nicotine and arsenic
A recent study found that long-term exposure to air contaminated with soot particles raises a person’s risk of dying from _________ and ________________.
skin and lung cancer
lung and brain damage
lung and heart disease
skin and heart disease
Scientists now think that chemical pollution may be at least part of the cause of _____________ and __________________ disease.
Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s
Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s
Down syndrome and Parkinson’s
None of these
_____________ are chemicals designed to kill unwanted organisms such as insects, fungi, or weeds.
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Both fertilizers and pesticides
Neither fertilizers or pesticides
Much of the pollution in our environment is byproduct of inadequate ________________.
recycling centers.
laws.
waste disposal.
none of these.
Infectious diseases are caused by a _______________.
pathogen.
host.
vector.
none of these.
A __________ is an organism in which a pathogen lives all or part of its life.
host.
pathogen.
vector.
none of these.
Organisms, such as mosquitoes, that transmit diseases to people are called __________.
vector.
host.
pathogen.
none of these.
Nearly __________ of infectious diseases are transmitted through water.
1/4 or 25%
1/3 or 33%
1/2 or 50%
3/4 or 75%
____________ and _____________ are caused by waterborne diseases that come from drinking water polluted by human feces.
Cholera and dysentery
Cholera and malaria
Dysentery and malaria
Tetanus and dysentery
__________ was once the world’s leading cause of death. It is also a waterborne disease.
Cholera
Dysentery
Malaria
None of these
Not only are diseases spread in water, they may also spread in or by __________.on
air.
contact with others with the disease.
soil.
all of these.
According to the textbook, the main defense against viral diseases is _____________.
vaccination.
abstinence.
both vaccination and abstinence.
neither vaccination or abstinence.
What is the main reason that pathogens have evolved resistance to antibiotics?
Strains of pathogens have mutated
Overuse of antibiotics
Both Strains of pathogens have mutated and overuse of antibiotics
Neither strains of pathogens have mutated or overuse of antibiotics
AIDS is an example of _______________.
emerging virus.
submerging virus.
active virus.
dormant virus.
Which of the following is not a true statement about the effects of pollution on health?
It is difficult to determine how pollution affects health because many factors contribute to a disease.
The toxic effects of a pollutant depend upon the dose to which you are exposed.
Many pollutants cause chronic diseases that result from exposure to the pollutant over the course of many years.
Persistent chemicals are less toxic than chemicals that break down rapidly.
Which of the following is an emerging disease that was unknown 0 years ago?
Malaria
Dengue Fever
Lyme Disease
Schistosomiasis
Cholera is usually transmitted from person to person by water because ___________________________.
it is caused by a snail that breeds in water.
it is usually contracted by someone drinking water polluted with human feces that contain the cholera pathogen.
it is transmitted by mosquitoes.
it is caused by a virus.
Tuberculosis (TB), which was once almost eradicated, is becoming more common, even in developed countries, because _________________________________.
new varieties of the tuberculosis pathogen have evolved in rodents.
livestock are given antibiotics.
the pathogen that causes TB breeds in polluted water.
some populations of the pathogen that causes TB are resistant to antibiotics.
Which of the following statements about environmental pollutants is true?
Our environment contains fewer toxic chemicals than it did 50 years ago.
Hormone mimics in our water supply pose no danger to humans.
There is no health risk from pollutants in indoor air.
The bodies of people who live in the US contain lower levels of some toxic chemicals than they did 20 years ago.
Which of the following actions is most likely to prevent yellow fever, which is transmitted by mosquitoes, from becoming an epidemic?
Preventing dehydration in patients by treating them with oral rehydration therapy
Taking antibiotics
Encouraging people to empty water out of old cans, tires, plant saucers, and other areas that contain standing water
Spraying the area repeatedly with pesticides
How do scientists determine the toxicity of a chemical?
By exposing organisms to the same doses of a chemical
By exposing organisms to different doses of a chemical
Both by exposing organisms to the same doses of a chemical and by exposing organisms to different doses of a chemical
Neither by exposing organisms to the same doses of a chemical or by exposing organisms to different doses of a chemical
How can land use contribute to the spread of infectious diseases?
Deforestation
Desertification
Soil erosion
All of these
8. What role does the environment play in the transmission of infectious diseases?
Many disease vectors increase in areas where there is standing water.
Biotic interactions in the environment can allow pathogens to be passed from primary to secondary hosts.
Both many disease vectors increase in areas where there is standing water and biotic interactions in the environment can allow pathogens to be passed from primary to secondary hosts.
Neither many disease vectors increase in areas where there is standing water or biotic interactions in the environment can allow pathogens to be passed from primary to secondary hosts.
8. Why would lung disease be more common in a large urban area than in a remote rural area?
There are more people in urban areas than rural areas.
There is more particulate matter because of industrial activity and heavy traffic.
People in remote areas live healthier.
All of these.
Which of the following is a naturally occurring pollutant?
Pesticides
Radon
Sewage
Vectors
What is the study of the spread of disease called?
Antibiology
Epidemiology
Pathology
Toxicology
What is the difference between pollution from natural sources and pollution from human activities?
Naturally occurring pollutants are less toxic.
Pollution from human activities has not been researched.
Pollution from human activities can be predicted and controlled.
Naturally occurring pollutants are only hazardous in small dosages.
How has the construction of irrigation canals and dams enabled the spread of infectious disease?
The construction allows viruses to evolve.
Canals and dams provide sites for waste disposal.
Canals and dams provide increased habitats for vectors.
The construction eliminates the natural predators of pathogens.
We are exposed to low levels of industrial chemicals every day, particularly inside new buildings that have new furnishings.
True
False
Due to advances in public health resulting from pollution control, air pollution is not a major health concern.
True
False
A persistent chemical is a chemical that breaks down slowly in the environment.
True
False
In order to safeguard the public, health officials determine the risks posed by particular pollutants.
True
False
All pollution is entirely caused by people.
True
False
Human activities release very few types of chemicals into the environment.
True
False
