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WMHS End of Semester Biology Review

Total questions: 131

Worksheet time: 2hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which scientist looked at cork under a microscope and labeled the little rooms he saw, 'cells?'
a)
Hooke
b)
Leeuwenhoek
c)
Schwann
d)
Schleiden
2.
Look at the image.  Which scientist is responsible for this experiment?
a)
Pasteur
b)
Griffith
c)
Redi
d)
Virchow
3.
These two scientists developed the first model of DNA.
a)
Hershey and Chase
b)
Franklin and Wilkins
c)
Watson and Crick
d)
Davis and Lee
4.
This scientist is known for his/her work in crystallography (x-ray diffraction) and how it helped shape the structure of DNA.
a)
Franklin
b)
Wilkins
c)
Hershey
d)
Chase
5.
This scientist is renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccinations.  He is also known for an experiment where he demonstrated that in sterilized and sealed flasks nothing ever developed, and in sterilized but open flasks microorganisms could grow.
a)
Koch
b)
Pasteur
c)
Chargaff
d)
Darwin
6.
This scientist was the first to see a living cell under the microscope.  He named these organisms "animalcules."
a)
Leeuvenhoek
b)
Hooke
c)
Schleiden
d)
Schwann
7.
This scientist is known for stating the following, "All animals are made of cells."
a)
Schleiden
b)
Schwann
c)
Redi
d)
Virchow
8.
This scientist is known for stating, "All plants are made of cells."
a)
Schwann
b)
Schleiden
c)
Redi
d)
Virchow
9.
Was first to state that "All cells come from existing cells."
a)
Redi
b)
Virchow
c)
Chargaff
d)
Darwin
10.
Through their experiment, these scientists were able to support the idea that DNA was the fundamental unit that carried information from one cell to the other - not protein.  They used bacteriophages to conduct their experiment.
a)
Hershey and Chase
b)
Franklin and Wilkins
c)
Watson and Crick
d)
Davis and Lee
11.
This scientist is known for his 'rules' regarding DNA base pairing.
a)
Chargaff
b)
Darwin
c)
Avery
d)
Pasteur
12.
This scientist sailed around the world looking for connections between various living organisms.  He spent a lot of his time on the Galapagos Islands looking at turtles and finches.
a)
Mendel
b)
Darwin
c)
Avery
d)
Hooke
13.
Which of the following is NOT a tenant of the Cell Theory?
a)
All cells come from existing cells.
b)
All living things are made of cells.
c)
Cells are the basic units of structure and function.
d)
All cells contain a nucleus.
14.

What did Gregor Mendel study?

a)

Mold Spores

b)

Pea Plants

c)

Sun Flowers

d)

Rats

15.

Built models to determine that DNA was a double helix shape with base pairs A-T and G-C in rungs between the sugar/phosphate backbone of DNA.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

16.

Provided clear x-ray crystallography images of DNA

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

17.

In the 1800s Jean-Baptiste Lamarck offered a hypothesis about evolution called the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Which of the following is an example of how Lamarck thought animals evolved?

a)

Fish mutated the genes necessary to develop lungs and were able to eventually survive on land.

b)

Giraffes once had short necks and stretched them reaching for leaves on trees, later passing the longer neck trait to their offspring.

c)

Dark moths, once outnumbered by light moths, began to survive longer and reproduce more after the industrial revolution turned the trees black.

d)

The earth has been here so long that animals have had plenty of time to adapt to their environment through natural selection.

18.

Charles Lyell wrote a book called the Principles of Geology which Charles Darwin read during his famous voyage around the world. Lyell’s book contributed to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by convincing Darwin that

a)

natural selection was responsible for the acquisition of new traits within a population when there was competition between species.

b)

giraffes had short necks until they stretched them while reaching for the higher leaves on trees and then passed these traits to their offspring.

c)

the earth was old and formed by slow-acting processes which Darwin applied to the evolution of living things.

d)

homologous structures, the fossil record, and vestigial structures were the best evidence for the evolution of species.

19.

The idea proposed by Eldridge and Gould suggesting that sometimes evolution moves slowly, but at other times it occurs rapidly.

a)

radiometric dating

b)

relative dating

c)

endosymbiosis

d)

punctuated equilibrium

20.

The dating of fossils to an actual age based on the amounts of radioactive isotopes present in the remains.

a)

punctuated equalibruim

b)

relative dating

c)

radiometric dating

d)

endosymbiosis

21.

The dating of fossils based on their locations in sedimentary rock layers: oldest buried deep, youngest near the surface.

a)

relative dating

b)

radiometric dating

c)

autotrophes

d)

heterotrophs

22.

Theory that explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts inside eukaryotic cells, and how they obtained two membranes.

a)

endosymbiotic theory

b)

string theory

c)

scientific theory

d)

Theory of relative dating

23.
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its...
a)
era
b)
age
c)
half-life
d)
eon
24.

The gummy worm increased by 2 inches.

a)

Qualitative

b)

Quantitative

25.

The patient complained of aches and pains.

a)

Qualitative

b)

Quantitative

26.
Water is a universal solvent
a)
True
b)
False
27.
A Compound that is being dissolved is called a
a)
Solution
b)
Solute
c)
Solvent
d)
Suspension
28.
A water strider can skate along the top of a pond because:
a)
covalent bonds result in water cohesion
b)
hydrogen bonds result in water cohesion (surface tension)
c)
water striders have adapted to take advantage of water cohesion
d)
low surface tension of water
29.
Why can water have no net charge but have slight charges in different parts of the molecule?
a)
The oxygen end is slightly negative and the hydrogen end is slightly positive
b)
The hydrogen end is slightly negative and the oxygen end is slightly positive
c)
The hydrogen and oxygen ends change in polarity
d)
Because it is hydrophobic
30.
Attractions between water molecules are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
31.
True or false, water is a polar molecule? 
a)
True 
b)
False 
32.
What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?
a)
cohesion
b)
adhesion
c)
capillary action
d)
surface tension
33.
The attraction that causes water and other liquids to form drops on thin films is called ________________. This is also water’s ability to be attraction to other water molecules.
a)
adhesion
b)
capillary action
c)
cohesion
d)
surface tension
34.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
a)
Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)
b)
Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy
c)
Active stores transport proteins and passive releases 
d)
Active uses hormones and passive does not 
35.
What is homeostasis?
a)
How the body releases oxygen
b)
Passive transportation 
c)
How the body regulates itself for survival (keeping a stable internal environment)
d)
Active transport
36.
What does semi-permeable mean?
a)
Only some things can move through membrane
b)
Nothing can move through membrane
c)
Reagan can move through membrane
d)
Membrane connot be moved through
37.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
a)
True
b)
False
38.
Osmosis is the diffusion of
a)
Iodine
b)
Oxygen
c)
Water
d)
Fruit punch
39.

Which kingdoms are made up of prokaryotes?

a)

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

b)

Protists and Fungi

c)

Plantae and Animalia

d)

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

40.

Which type of cell appeared first on earth?

a)

Prokaryotic cells

b)

Eukaryotic cells

c)

Animal cells

d)

Plant cells

41.

Which is the monomer that makes up carbohydrates?

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Triglycerides

c)

Amino acids

d)

Nucleotides

42.

What is the monomer that makes up proteins?

a)

Amino acids

b)

Monosaccharides

c)

Diglycerides

d)

Nucleotides

43.

What is the monomer that makes up nucleic acids?

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Fatty acids

c)

Nucleotides

d)

Amino acids

44.

Which biomolecule is useful for insulation and energy storage in the human body?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Proteins

45.
The process by which sugar is converted into energy (ATP) by living organisms is called
a)
photosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
46.
The products of cellular respiration are
a)
carbon dioxide, water, energy
b)
oxygen and sugar (glucose)
47.
The products of photosynthesis are
a)
carbon dioxide, water, energy
b)
sugar (glucose), oxygen, water
48.
A botanist is a scientist who studies
a)
plants
b)
animals
49.
The relationship between ALL the organisms in a community showing who eats whom is called a ___________________________.
a)
Food Web
b)
Food Chain
c)
Abiotic Factors
d)
Biotic Factors
50.
One path that energy could take through an ecosystem is called a ________________________.
a)
Food Web
b)
Food Chain
c)
Abiotic Factors
d)
Biotic Factors
51.
Where does the energy that travels through an ecosystem originally come from?
a)
Earth's Core
b)
Water
c)
Plants
d)
The Sun
52.
An organism that lives by breaking down dead organic matter into simpler parts is a _______________________.
a)
scavenger
b)
consumer
c)
decomposer
d)
carnivore
53.
A living thing that makes its own food is called a __________________________.
a)
consumer
b)
producer
c)
carnivore
d)
herbivore
54.
True or False. In this energy pyramid, the consumers on each level only get about 10 percent of energy that the trophic level before it has stored.
a)
True
b)
False
55.

The following list represents characteristics of a living thing :

a)

made of cells, has lungs, can reproduce

b)

grows and develops, responds to surroundings, can move

c)

has similar chemicals, makes noises, made of cells

d)

made of cells, grows and develops, uses energy

56.
A/An ____________is the smallest unit of life.
a)
atom
b)
stimulus
c)
cell
d)
DNA
57.

The substance that binds to an enzyme is called a?

a)

Polypeptide

b)

Co-enzyme

c)

Vitamin

d)

Substrate

58.

Changes in pH and temperature can ___________________ an enzyme which causes it to lose its shape and affects its function.

a)

puncture

b)

denature

c)

double

d)

delete

59.

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

a)

control how many reactions occur

b)

raise activation energy

c)

give permission for the reaction

d)

speed up chemical reactions

60.

Where do substrates bind to an enzyme?

a)

calcium channels

b)

active site

c)

receptor molecules

d)

voltage-gated channels

61.
A phospholipid has 2 parts. What are they called? 
a)
Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophobic Tail 
b)
Hydrophobic Head, Hydrophilic Tail 
62.
"Water Loving"
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydroloric
63.
"Water Fearing" 
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydroloric
64.
___________ have 2 functions in the cell membrane.
1.) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in. 
2.) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
65.
___________ have 2 functions in the cell membrane.
1.) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in. 
2.) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
66.
What does homeostasis mean?
a)
Temperature
b)
Water
c)
Cells
d)
Steady state
67.

what kingdom?- eukaryotic, multi-celled-photosynthetic.

a)

animal

b)

plant

c)

protist

d)

fungi

68.

What kingdom-Prokaryotic-lives in hot,salts environments

a)

plants

b)

animals

c)

archaebacteria

d)

eubacteria

69.

HOW MANY KINGDOMS ARE THERE?

a)

4

b)

5

c)

6

d)

7

70.

AMOEBA-PARAMECIUM-EUGLENA-DINOFLAGELLATES BELONG TO WHAT KINGDOM

a)

PLANT

b)

PROTIST

c)

FUNGI

d)

ANIMAL

e)

ARCHAEBACTERIA

71.
Heterotroph is when an organism...
a)
Has to eat other things
b)
has to make it's own food
72.
Autotroph is when..
a)
An organism makes it's own food
b)
An organism has to eat other things
73.
Multicellular means...
a)
an organism is made of many cells
b)
An organism is made of only one cell
c)
An organism is made of no cells
74.
Unicellular means...
a)
An organism is made of many cells
b)
An organism is made of one cell
c)
An organism is made of no cells
75.
Plant and algae cell walls are made of this carbohydrate.
a)
glucose
b)
chitin
c)
cellulose
d)
sucrose
76.
Arthropod exoskeletons and fungi cell walls are made of this tough carbohydrate.
a)
cellulose
b)
chitin
c)
peptidoglycan
d)
glucose
77.

Plants with seeds in cones are called ___________.

a)

angiosperms

b)

gymnosperms

c)

flowers

d)

mosses

78.

A flower producing vascular plant in which the seed is enclosed in a fruit.

a)

Conifer

b)

Gymnosperm

c)

Angiosperm

d)

Fern

79.
Is a virus considered living or non-living?
a)
Living
b)
Non-Living
c)
Neither
80.
What is a host?
a)
Organism that lives on the cell and causes it harm 
b)
Something that causes harm to the cell 
c)
Cell that the virus invades and takes over
81.

What tool provided the evidence to be able to formulate the germ theory?

a)

Telescope

b)

Microscope

c)

Drill

d)

Hammer

82.

Who, in 1668, performed experiments with a jar a gauze and meat to disproved the spontaneous generation theory?

a)

Isaac Newton

b)

Louis Pasteur

c)

Robert Koch

d)

Francisco Redi

83.
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle called?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
M phase
c)
Interphase
d)
G1 Phase
84.
During what stage does the G1, S and G2 phases happen?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
Mitosis
d)
Cytokinesis
85.
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
G2 phase
d)
M phase
86.
When a cell divides, what do we call the 2 new cells?
a)
mother cells
b)
father cells
c)
daughter cells
d)
son cells
87.
In which type of cells will mitosis occur?
a)
egg cells
b)
sperm cells
c)
jail cells
d)
Body cells except the sperm and egg cells
88.
What is the name of the process in which DNA (genetic information) is exchanged during meiosis?
a)
crossing under
b)
crossing over
c)
melding
d)
blending
89.
After meiosis is complete, the new cells:
a)
are all identical
b)
are all different
c)
are half identical and half different
d)
are all stretched out
90.
A is:
B is:
C is:
a)
A: chromatid
B: centromere
C: chromosome
b)
A: chromosome
B: chromatid
C: centromere
c)
A: chromosome
B: centromere
C: chromatid
d)
A: centromere
B: chromosome
C: chromatid
91.

What phase of mitosis is show here?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

92.

Which of the following is metaphase?

a)
b)
c)
d)
93.

What phase of mitosis is shown here?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

94.

Which is the correct order of the stages in mitosis

a)

Interphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase

b)

Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase

c)

Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase, Anaphase

d)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

95.
What is it called when a sperm and egg meet?
a)
meiosis
b)
fertilization
c)
cell division
d)
mitosis
96.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
97.

A 2n cell of a bat has 44 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will you find in one of his gametes

a)

23

b)

22

c)

44

d)

88

98.
A dog has 78 chromosomes in its body cells.  What is the diploid number?
a)
78
b)
39
c)
1
d)
100
99.

Who is considered the "father" of modern genetics?

a)

Einstein

b)

Mendel

c)

Disney

d)

Washington

100.
TT,tt,PP,pp,SS,ss are examples of alleles that are?
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
different
d)
homologous 
101.
The exact genetic makeup of an organism, such as RR, Tt, PP is its?
a)
phenotype
b)
dominance
c)
genotype
d)
trait
102.
If "T" is the allele for tall and "t" is the allele for short, then Tt would produce?
a)
tall
b)
short
c)
medium
d)
not enough info
103.
A physical characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring.
a)
behavior
b)
trait
c)
strong muscles
d)
ability to fly a plane.
104.
"The Great White Shark was 20 feet in length.  Phenotype or Genotype?
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
105.
What are the nucleotides made of?
a)
Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base
c)
Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine
d)
Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine
106.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
107.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
108.
Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?
a)
C-A, T-G
b)
A-G, C-T
c)
C-G, U-A
d)
T-A, G-C
109.
The central dogma of biology states that information flows in one direction from 
a)
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm
b)
ribosomes to proteins to DNA
c)
genes to nuclei to ribosomes
d)
DNA to RNA to proteins
110.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
111.
Which of the following is created in the nucleus and carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
rRNA
112.

This is the practice of inserting the DNA of another species into an organism's DNA so that the organism gains a new trait.

a)

Cloning

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

DNA Fingerprinting

113.

This is the practice of producing a genetically identical cell or organism

a)

Cloning

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

DNA Fingerprinting

114.

This is the practice of cutting DNA and separating it by the size of the pieces

a)

Cloning

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

DNA Fingerprinting

115.

This is the process of creating a unique image of an individual's alleles based on their size and using that image to identify an individual's DNA

a)

Cloning

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

DNA Fingerprinting

116.

What is the name of the international effort to sequence a human's DNA sequence?

a)

The Gene Sequencing Project

b)

The DNA Fingerprinting Project

c)

The Nuremberg Trials

d)

The Human Genome Project

117.

Which kitten is most likely the offspring of this cat?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

118.
Structures that are inherited from a common ancestor are homologous.
a)
True
b)
False
119.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
120.

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

121.
The science of classifying is called
a)
Biology
b)
Taxonomy
c)
Sortology
d)
Phylogeny
122.
Who developed the method of classification in the 18th century?
a)
Aristotle
b)
Plato
c)
Linnaeus
d)
Darwin
123.
Binomial Nomenclature uses the __ and ___ name to identify an organism
a)
Latin & English
b)
Class & order
c)
Kingdom & species
d)
Genus & species
124.
Natural disasters such as flooding and tornadoes are linked to ________________.
a)
primary
b)
secondary
c)
old field
d)
ecosystem
125.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
126.
succession that occurs in an area with no soil
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
127.

Which experiences the least change over time?

a)

Pioneer Species

b)

Primary Succession

c)

Aquatic Succession

d)

Climax Community

128.
What is the name given to lichen or algae after a primary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
volunteer species
c)
founder species
d)
conqueror species
129.
An inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing.
a)
variation
b)
adaptation
c)
vestigial structure
d)
mutation
130.

Which of the following watersheds is the largest?

a)

Potomac Shenandoah Watershed

b)

Chesapeake Bay States

c)

Chesapeake Bay Watershed

d)

Shenandoah Watershed

131.

What is the climax community in Virginia called?

a)

Chesapeake Bay Watershed

b)

Roanoke Valley

c)

Oak Hickory Forest

d)

Oak Ash Forest

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