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WorksheetsBiology STAAR - Mechanisms of Genetics B.6A-C
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 53mins
1, 3, 5, and 6 only
3 and 5 only
2 and 4 only
3, 4, 7, and 8 only
5' AGGTCAGGT 3'
5' ACCUGAGGU 3'
5' TGGACTGGA 3'
5' TCCAGTCCA 3'
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?
The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.
The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.
The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.
The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.
Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in-
the location of sugar groups in DNA
the sequences of nucleotides in DNA
the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA
the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA
The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect.
The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases.
The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix.
The model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing.
Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?
The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.
The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized.
The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the legnth of the genes.
The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain.
As a sequence of nucleotides
In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
In the ratio of adenines to thymines
As a pattern of phosphates and sugars
The seuqence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. The sequence of the bases in DNA is most important for which of the following?
Providing the instructions for the traits of an organism
Preventing mutations from occuring during DNA replication
Allowing the DNA to have the shape necessary for replication
Helping form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA molecules
role of DNA in protein synthesis
mutation of nucleotide sequences in DNA
sequence of DNA that makes up the human genome
double-helix structure of DNA
the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose molecules
the junction of introns and exons in the sense strand of DNA
the hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotides
the junction of a codon and a DNA triplet
Characteristics such as widow's peak or attached earlobes are determined by the genetic code. Which components of DNA are referred to as the genetic code?
Phosphate groups
Nitrogenous bases
Deoxyribose sugars
Hydrogen bonds
How does DNA in cells determine an organism's complex traits?
DNA contains codes for proteins, which are necessary for the growth and funcitoning of an organism
DNA separates into long single strands that make up each part of an organism
DNA produces the energy an organism needs in order to grow
DNA folds into the nucleus of each of the cells of an organism
Which of these components are found in the cells of all living organisms?
Estrogen and testosterone
Hemoglobin and hymphocytes
Cytosine and guanine
Cellulose and chlorophyll
Scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?
Zebra fish have an omnivorous diet similar to that of humans.
Zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans.
Zebra fish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans.
Zebra fish produce gametes through a process that is similar to that of humans.
similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA
fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits
heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms
the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature
Human cells are eukaryotic, and E. coli cells are prokaryotic.
All living organisms share the same genome.
The genes for all organisms are composed of the same building blocks.
The human body contains many types of bacteria, including E.coli.
DNA bases
Cellular organelles
Division of the nuclear chromosomes
Types of proteins needed for cellular functions
A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy
Self-locomotion
Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances
Genetic material composed of DNA
The fact that a strain of yeast with a certain defective gene can use the human version of the gene to repair itself is evidence that yeast and humans-
depend on the same food supply
share a genetic code
both have eukaryotic cells
have identical genomes
Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis.. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?
The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.
The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.
The RNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.
The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.
Arginine-Leucine-Proline-Asparagine-Lysine-Arginine
Tryptophan-Phenylalanine-Leucine-Glycine-Asparagine-Phenylalanine
Serine-Leucine-Proline-Asparagine-Lysine-Arginine
Tryptophan-Phenylalanine-Leucine-Glycine-Asparagine-Serine
To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division
To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template
To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code
To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids
Process: transcription; product: mRNA
Process: translation; product: protein
Process: replication; product: tRNA
Process: recombination; product: polymerase
Perserving genetic information for future generations
Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template
Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell
Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence
Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser
Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg
Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser
Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Leu, Ser
New DNA
Polypeptide
Messenger RNA
Carbohydrate
By activating or deactivating specific genes
By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce
By indentifying how closely related one individual is to another
By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism
The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures.
The white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit's body temperature decreased.
The coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit.
White hair only grows during certain times of the year.
The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older.
Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude.
The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth.
Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature.
Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?
The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences
The regulation of gene expression within each cell type
The mutation of genes within each cell type
The use of different methods of cell division
At birth Himalayan rabbits are usually white over their entire bodies. But when parts of their bodies reach temperatures below 350C, a pigment that causes these parts to turn black is produced. Which of the follwoing is most likely the cause of this phenomenon?
Poor blood circulation
Infection caused by cold temperatures
Gene expression that is regulated by temperature
A trait that is both sex-linked and hormone-dependent
The pigment in butterfly wings absorbs light from the environment.
The phenotypic expression of wing shape depends on color pigmentation in butterflies.
The genes regulating wing color in butterflies are influenced by environmental factors.
Caterpillars exposed to red and green light are healthier than caterpillars exposed to no light or blue light.
Deletion
Insertion
Substitution
Translocation
The mutation occurred in gametic cells.
The mutation occurred in somatic cells.
The mutation is recessive.
The mutation is sex-linked.
A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?
Egg cell and liver cell
Sperm cell and egg cell
Nerve cell and brain cell
Sperm cell and lung cell
Insertion
Deletion
Duplication
Substitution
A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.
A substitution occurs with the adenine base.
A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.
A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.
Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?
The nuclear membrane is ruptured.
Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.
A codon sequence is incorrect.
Transportation of mRNA does not occur.
Mutations are a source of variation in the species.
Mutations are the cause of disease in the species.
Mutations are not harmful when they occur in somatic cells of the species.
Mutations are always passed on to subsequent generations of the species.
Mutations 1 and 3 only
Mutation 1 only
Mutation 2 only
Mutations 1, 2, and 3
Methionine, leucine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
Methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
Methionine, proline, histidine, aspartate, glycine
Methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
Nitrogenous bases are added.
Nitrogenous bases are exchanged.
Nitrogenous bases are damaged.
Nitrogenous bases are deleted.
FAD is the result of a genetic change in one or more chromosomes.
Natural selection will continue to reduce the incidence of FAD.
FAD affects only the genes of middle-aged people.
Deletion of one amino acid causes FAD.
Substitutiion
Insertion
Deletion
Frameshift
GTT
TCT
TCC
GCA
A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?
The siblings of the organism
The offspring of the organism
The other organisms living nearby
The mating partner of the organism
1/16
3/16
4/16
9/16
O only
A or B only
A, B, or O only
A, B, AB, or O
25%
50%
75%
100%
Albinism is an autosomal recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability whenn an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?
16 black/polled: 0 black/horned: 0 red/polled: 0 red/horned
12 black/polled: 0 black/horned: 0 red/polled: 4 red/horned
4 black/polled: 4 black/horned: 4 red/polled: 4 red/horned
9 black/polled: 3 black/horned: 3 red/polled: 1 red/horned
The F1 generation is composed only of males.
Two of the offspring in the F1 generation will not be able to reproduce.
The F1 generation is the result of a dihybrid cross.
Two of the offspring in the F1 generation will experience a spontaneous mutation.
0%
25%
50%
100%
50% with dimples and free earlobes and 50% with dimples and attached earlobes.
50% with dimples and free earlobes and 50% with no dimples and attached earlobes.
75% with dimples and free earlobes and 25% with no dimples and attached earlobes.
75% with dimples and attached earlobes and 25% with no dimples and free earlobes.
All the offspring will have ebony bodies.
Of the offspring, 75% will have brownish-yellow bodies, and 25% will have ebony bodies.
All the offspring will have brownish-yellow bodies.
Of the offspring, 75% will have ebony bodies, and 25% will have brownish-yeloow bodies.
0%
25%
50%
100%
75% hairy stems: 25% hairless stems
100% hairy stems
100% hairless stems
50% hairy stems: 50% hairless stems
25%
40%
50%
75%
0 BB: 2 Bb: 2 bb
1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb
2 BB: 0 Bb: 2 bb
2 BB: 1 Bb: 0 bb
Gametes produced by an organism contain a combination of genes from m that organism. In every gamete, this combination is-
the same because it is created from the same DNA
the same because chromosomes are copied prior to meiosis
different due to DNA replication prior to mitosis
different due to independent assortment during meiosis
The event represents RNA translation in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
The event takes place in bacterial cells.
The event produces genetically identical daughter cells.
The event provides genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells.
Which diagram demonstrates how crossing-over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material-
increases the genetic variation
reduces the diploid number to the haploid number
increases the haploid number to the diploid number
reduces the probability of mutations
Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to ensure that each gamate produced in the human body has-
12 chromosomes
23 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
92 chromosomes
Sexual reporduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. Which of these proceesses produces gametes in animals?
Mitosis
Fertiliztion
Meiosis
Binary fission
Crossing-over between nonsister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?
The expression of dominant traits
Number of gametes
The occurrence of polyploidy
Genetic variation
