What evidence exists which shows that the universe is expanding?

Which of the following is a collection of gas, dust, stars, planets, moons, and nebulas that is bound together by gravity?

What is the universal force of attraction that exists between all objects and holds galaxies together and planets in orbit?

If dark energy proves to be stronger than gravity, what will be the fate of the universe?

If gravity proves to be stronger than dark energy, what will be the fate of the universe?

If dark energy and gravity prove to be equal, what will be the fate of the universe?

A cloud of gas and dust in which stars and planets form is known as a ________.

A large collection of plasma, which is undergoing fusion and is held together by gravity is a _______.

Which of the following is a spinning disk of gases with a hot core, which is the first step in star formation?

Which of the following is the massive explosion of a high mass star when it runs out of elements to fuse?

A _______ is a swollen, expanded, dying low mass star that has run out of hydrogen to fuse.

A _______ is a swollen, expanded, dying high mass star that is fusing elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.

Which of the following is the ejection of gases from a dying low mass star?

Which of the following is the leftover core of a dead low mass star that is no longer fusing elements?

Which of the following is the undetectable remains of a dead low mass star after it has completely cooled?

A _______ is the leftover core after a supernova of a high mass star that was less than 20 times the mass of the sun?

A _______ is the leftover core after a supernova of a high mass star that was more than 20 times the mass of the sun?

Which of the following is true of white dwarf stars?

Mature stars that are currently fusing hydrogen and have not run out of fuel are called _________.

A star and all the celestial objects that revolve around it is called a __________.

Planets that orbit stars other than the sun are known as ________.

Which of the following is a layer of the sun’s atmosphere?

Which layer of the sun’s atmosphere is the hottest?

Which layer of the sun’s atmosphere is the surface layer of the sun from which light photons are emitted?

Which of the following are dark areas on the surface of the photosphere that are associated with solar flares?

Which of the following are eruptions of gases from the sun that often disrupt telecommunications?

Which of the following is a constant flow of charged particles from the sun?

Planets located between the sun and the asteroid belt are known as __________.

Planets located beyond the asteroid belt are known as __________.

Planets that are small and rocky are known as __________.

Large gaseous planets are known as __________.

Planets are formed by which process?

Which model of the solar system has Earth in the center with the sun and the other planets revolving around it?

Which model of the solar system has the sun in the center with Earth and the other planets revolving around it?

Who discovered that planets orbit the sun in ellipses and that planets closer to the sun orbit faster?

Why is Venus the hottest planet in the solar system even though it is not the closest planet to the sun?

Why is Mercury not the hottest planet in the solar system even though it is the closest planet to the sun?

Which planet has a retrograde rotation and spins the opposite direction from all the other planets?

Why does Mars appear reddish in color?

Olympus Mons is the tallest peak in the solar system. On what planet is it located?

How far is one Astronomical Unit, which is used to measure distances in the solar system?

The motion of Earth as it spins on its axis is its ___________.

The motion of Earth as it goes around the sun is its ___________.

The shape of Earth’s orbit around the sun is a(n) ___________.

Which of the following is a measurement of time based on when stars other than the sun appear in the same place in the night sky?

Which of the following is the apparent movement of the sun from noon until noon 24 hours later?

A ______ is an astronomical event that occurs when the moon lines up between Earth and the sun.

A _____ is an astronomical event that occurs when Earth lines up between the moon and the sun.

Which of the following is true of Earth’s moon?

Why does everyone on Earth always see the same side of the moon?

Which of the following causes seasons on Earth?

When does the sun’s rays strike north or south of the equator?

When does the sun’s rays strike the equator directly?

During which era were dinosaurs the predominant life form on Earth?

What technique would scientists use to determine the exact age of a dinosaur bone?

The Geologic Time Scale was constructed by using what information?

During which era were mammals the predominant life form on Earth?

During which era were ocean dwelling organisms the predominant life form on Earth?

During which era did birds and mammals evolve?

What process would a scientist use to sequence rock layers in different parts of the world?

During which era did amphibians and reptiles evolve?

The first period of the Paleozoic Era, during which an abundance of multicellular life evolved on Earth is known as the _______________.

During which era did primates evolve?

During which era were microorganisms the only life on Earth?

During which era did Pangaea break apart?

The largest mass extinction in Earth’s history occurred at the end of which era?

At which type of plate boundary did the Andes Mountains form?

Plates move toward each other along which plate boundary?

Which of the following is a continuous oceanic mountain range formed from seafloor spreading?

At which type of plate boundary did the mid-ocean ridge form?

What drives the movement of Earth’s plates?

Plates move away from each other along which plate boundary?

Along which convergent boundaries do trenches form?

Along which convergent boundaries do mountains form?

At which type of plate boundary did the San Andreas Fault form?

Along which convergent boundaries do volcanoes form?

Which of the following is true of cinder cone volcanoes?

Which type of magma is responsible for explosive eruptions?

Along which convergent boundaries do subduction zones occur?

Where do hotspots occur?

Which type of magma is responsible for the formation of plateaus over continental hot spots?

The Hawaiian island chain was formed by which type of volcanic activity?

Which of the following is true of composite volcanoes?

What mineral is responsible for increasing the viscosity of magma?

Which type of volcanoes form around larger volcanoes?

Why is magma with a high viscosity so explosive?

Which of the following is true of shield volcanoes?

Which type of soil consists of large particles with large amounts of air?

Which type of soil consists of medium particles and is high in humus?

Which of the following erodes materials the slowest?

Which type of soil consists of small particles with low amounts of air?

The process of a material changing to a new material as a result of exposure to water, wind, air, and sunlight is known as _______________.

Which of the following erodes materials the fastest?

The physical breakdown of materials into smaller pieces is known as ________.

Which of the following are measures that are taken to replenish depleted soils?

Which of the following is true of all minerals?

Which of the following is the most common mineral on Earth?

Minerals are used in the manufacturing of which of the following?

How are minerals identified?