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WorksheetsH Human Unit 1
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 2hrs 49mins
A somatic cell is...
A sex cell
A haploid cell
A diploid cell
A cell which will divide by meiosis
______ ______ _______ divide by mitosis and by meiosis to produce gametes
(a)
In meiosis, which of these happens first?
Separating of chromatids
Separating of homologous chromosomes
In cellular differentiation...
Cells express all genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell
Cells express some genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell
Cells express some proteins to produce genes characteristic for that type of cell
Cells express some genes to produce amino acids characteristic for that type of cell
Tissue stem cells are...
Multipotent
Pluripotent
Totipotent
Blood stems cells are located in...
Muscle tissue
Bone Marrow
Spinal cord
Lungs
Which of the following is an example of a therapeutic use of stem cells?
Model cells
Drug testing
Corneal repair
Infecting with diseases
True or False: Stem cells from the embryo can self-renew, under the right conditions, in the lab.
True
False
Cancer cells divide excessively because they...
Respond to regulatory signals
Do not respond to regulatory signals
Express all genes in their genome
Fail to attach to each other
A mass of abnormal cells is known as a...
(a)
Part A is called
(a)
The type of bond responsible for base pairing is...
Peptide bonds
Sugar phosphate bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Two strands of DNA travel in opposite directions. This is known as... (one word answer)
(a)
When strands join together it forms a... (two word answer)
(a)
Which of the following shows the correct structure of DNA?
A
B
C
D
A section of double stranded DNA was found to have 60 guanine bases and 30 adenine bases.
What is the total number of deoxyribose sugars in this section?
30
90
180
270
A section of DNA containing 8000 bases has 1200 cytosine bases.
The number of adenine bases in this section of DNA is...
800
1200
1400
2800
(a) is needed for DNA polymerase to start replication (one word answer)
Which of the following is a correct description for a primer?
a long strand of nucleotides which binds to the 3’ end of the template DNA strand allowing polymerase to add DNA nucleotides.
a short strand of nucleotides which binds to the 3’ end of the template DNA strand allowing polymerase to add DNA nucleotides.
a short strand of nucleotides which binds to the 5’ end of the template DNA strand allowing polymerase to add DNA nucleotides.
a long strand of nucleotides which binds to the 3’ end of the template DNA strand allowing polymerase to add RNA nucleotides.
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in a
5' to 3' direction
3' to 5' direction
The lagging strand is always replicated in fragments because...
DNA polymerase can only add DNA nucleotides to the deoxyribose end of a new strand
DNA polymerase can only add DNA nucleotides to the 5' end of a new strand
RNA polymerase can only add DNA nucleotides to the 5' end of a new strand
DNA polymerase can only add DNA nucleotides to the phosphate end of a new strand
The enzyme which joins fragments of DNA together is called...
(a)
In PCR, when DNA is heated to 92-98C, this is to...
Allow primers to bind to target sequences
Allow heat tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate a region of DNA
Separate strands of DNA
True or False: PCR is used to diagnose genetic disorders
True
False
True or False: Only a fraction of genes in a cell are expressed
True
False
Which of the following statements is correct?
RNA is single stranded and is composed of nucleotides containing ribose sugar, phosphate and one of four bases: cytosine, guanine, adenine and uracil.
RNA is single stranded and is composed of nucleotides containing ribose sugar, phosphate and one of four bases: cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine.
RNA is double stranded and is composed of nucleotides containing ribose sugar, phosphate and one of four bases: cytosine, guanine, adenine and uracil.
RNA is single stranded and is composed of DNA nucleotides containing ribose sugar, phosphate and one of four bases: cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine.
Each triplet of bases on a mRNA molecule is called a..
Amino acid
Anticodon
Codon
Protein
True or False: Transfer RNA (tRNA) folds due to complementary base pairing
True
False
During transcription, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA unwinding the double helix and breaking hydrogen bonds between the bases. What happens next?
RNA polymerase synthesises a mature transcript of mRNA from DNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing.
RNA polymerase synthesises a primary transcript of tRNA from RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing.
RNA polymerase synthesises a mature transcript of mRNA from RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing.
RNA polymerase synthesises a primary transcript of mRNA from RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing.
RNA splicing forms a mature mRNA transcript. Which of the following statements is true about the process of RNA splicing?
The introns of the mature transcript are noncoding regions and are removed and the order of exons is unchanged.
The exons of the primary transcript are noncoding regions and are removed and the order of introns is unchanged.
The introns of the primary transcript are noncoding regions and are removed and the order of exons is unchanged.
During translation, mRNA is used to form a polypeptide at a ribosome. Name the type of codon which enables translation to begin (one word answer)
(a)
Name the process which enables anticodons to bind to codons (three word answer)
(a)
Which type of bond join amino acids together?
(a)
Which of the following is true of alternative RNA splicing?
One gene is used to make one protein
One gene is used to make many proteins
Different primary transcripts are produced from the process
The transcript produced consists of mainly introns
Polypeptides are three dimensional. What holds them together?
Peptide bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Peptide bonds and other interactions between amino acids
Hydrogen bonds and other interactions between amino acids
A phenotype is...
determined by amino acids produced as the result of gene expression.
determined by proteins produced as the result of gene expression.
True or false: Environmental factors also influence phenotype.
True
False
True or false: Mutations are changes in the DNA that can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised.
True
False
substitution, insertion or deletion are an example of a...
Single gene mutation
Chromosomal mutation
Which of the following correctly describes translocation
where a section of a chromosome is added from its homologous partner.
where a section of chromosome is reversed
where a section of a chromosome is added to a chromosome, not its homologous partner.
where a section of a chromosome is removed.
Which of the following is an example of a frameshift mutation?
Insertion
Substitution
Deletion
Three applications of human genomics are listed.
1. Comparing genomes to settle paternity disputes
2. Screening a genome for a particular sequence to diagnose disease
3. Using genome information in the choice of effective drug treatments
Which of these applications are examples of pharmacogenetics?
1
3
2, 3
1, 2, 3
Catabolic reactions...
break down large molecules into smaller molecules and release energy.
build up large molecules from small molecules and require energy
break down large molecules into smaller molecules and require energy.
build up large molecules from small molecules and release energy
Select the statements about enzymes which are true
Their active site carries out induced fit to a product to better fit it and lower activation energy
Their active site has high affinity for substrates
Can be affected by competitive inhibitors which bind away from the active site but change the shape of the active site preventing the substrate from binding.
Can be affected by competitive inhibitors binding at the active site preventing the substrate from binding.
End product inhibition is an example of
Competitive inhibition
Non competitive inhibiton
Feedback inhibition
True or False: Non-competitive inhibition cannot be reversed by increasing substrate concentration.
True
False
Select the statements about glycolysis which are true
it is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm
ATP adds a phosphate to glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase
Energy pay off stage results in a net gain for 4ATP
Dehydrogenase enzymes take hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the co-enzyme NAD forming NADH
Where does glycolysis take place (one word answer)?
(a)
Which of the following statements is correct:
In the citric acid cycle pyruvate combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
In the citric acid cycle the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
In the citric acid cycle coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
The citric acid cycle takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane
True or False: ATP and CO2 are produced in the citric acid cycle
True
False
Which of these events causes ATP synthase to produce ATP?
Pumping hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
The passing of hydrogen ions and electrons to the electron transport chain
The return flow of hydrogen ions into the matrix of the mitochondria
The combination of hydrogen ions and electrons with oxygen
Under vigorous exercise, what is pyruvate converted into? (max one word answer)
(a)
Hydrogen ions from NADH are passed to (a) during glycolysis to produce lactate
True or False: oxygen debts are repaid when lactate is converted back into pyruvate and glucose in the liver
True
False
Slow twitch muscle fibres...
Contract for longer periods
Contract for short periods
Used for endurance activities
Used for short bursts of activity
Rely on aerobic respiration
Which of the following is the major storage fuel of fast twitch muscle fibres?
Glucose
Glycogen
Fats
Water
