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Worksheets2nd Semester Geophysical Final
Total questions: 96
Worksheet time: 48mins
Biodiversity
The ability of an environment to support the population that lives there
Resources that can replace themselves
The variability among organisms in an ecosystem
Resources that exist only in a certain amount; when they run out, they cannot be replaced except over long geological timescales
Nonrenewable Resources
The ability of an environment to support the population that lives there
Resources that can replace themselves
The variability among organisms in an ecosystem
Resources that exist only in a certain amount; when they run out, they cannot be replaced except over long geological timescales
Renewable Resources
The ability of an environment to support the population that lives there
Resources that can replace themselves
The variability among organisms in an ecosystem
Resources that exist only in a certain amount; when they run out, they cannot be replaced except over long geological timescales
Sustainability
The ability of an environment to support the population that lives there
Resources that can replace themselves
The variability among organisms in an ecosystem
Resources that exist only in a certain amount; when they run out, they cannot be replaced except over long geological timescales
Which of the following is not part of the three Rs of waste management?
Reduce
Remove
Reuse
Recycle
Solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, and wind are all examples of–
Renewable energy
Nonrenewable energy
Fossil fuel dependent energy
Mineral energy
The burning of fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions. A significant portion of the burning of fossil fuels is for the production of energy to heat and cool buildings. Based on this information, which of the following engineering solutions would most likely have the greatest impact on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions?
Improved technology for locating and retrieving fossil fuels from deep underground
The integration of materials produced from fossil fuel into the construction of new buildings
Improvement in building design of insulation to reduce heat loss from the building to environment
Improvement of devices and techniques for measuring greenhouse gases
The data table provides data on several factors for a region over a 5-year period. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data provided?
Decreasing vegetation results in increased flooding.
Rainfall decreases as temperature increases.
Temperature increases are due to loss of vegetation.
The number of flooding events depends directly on rainfall.
The temperature of four ponds was measured at 6:00 AM. Which of the ponds would probably have the highest dissolved oxygen concentration (hold more oxygen)?
Pond A
Bond B
Pond C
Pond D
Which of the ponds is considered eutrophic (is experiencing the most eutrophication)?
Pond A
Bond B
Pond C
Pond D
Which of the following is NOT considered a fossil fuel?
Petroleum
Solar
Natural Gas
Coal
Use the chart below to rank the solutions in terms of the biggest effect with 1 being the most effective and 4 being the least effective
1- Encouraging people to carpool, 2- Raising the thermostat during the day to use the air conditioning less, 3- Recycling plastics, and reducing the amount of trash produced, 4- Replacing coal power plants with wind power
1- Replacing coal power plants with wind power, 2- Encouraging people to carpool, 3- Raising the thermostat during the day to use the air conditioning less, 4- Recycling plastics, and reducing the amount of trash produced
1- Raising the thermostat during the day to use the air conditioning less, 2- Recycling plastics, and reducing the amount of trash produced, 3- Raising the thermostat during the day to use the air conditioning less, 4- Replacing coal power plants with wind power
1- Recycling plastics, and reducing the amount of trash produced, 2- Encouraging people to carpool, 3- Encouraging people to carpool, 4- Replacing coal power plants with wind power,
What would be the potential constraint associated with the following solutions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions: Encouraging people to carpool
Availability
Comfort
Convenience
Inconsistency
What would be the potential constraint associated with the following solutions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions: Raising the thermostat during the day to use the air conditioning less
Availability
Comfort
Convenience
Inconsistency
What would be the potential constraint associated with the following solutions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions: ,Recycling plastics, and reducing the amount of trash produced
Availability
Comfort
Convenience
Inconsistency
What would be the potential constraint associated with the following solutions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions: Replacing coal power plants with wind power
Availability
Comfort
Convenience
Inconsistency
The word that most likely fits into space A would be...
Biodiversity
Fossil Fuels
Natural Resources
Resource Extraction
Sustainability
The word that most likely fits into space B would be...
Biodiversity
Fossil Fuels
Natural Resources
Resource Extraction
Sustainability
The word that most likely fits into space C would be...
Biodiversity
Fossil Fuels
Natural Resources
Resource Extraction
Sustainability
The word that most likely fits into space D would be...
Biodiversity
Fossil Fuels
Natural Resources
Resource Extraction
Sustainability
The word that most likely fits into space E would be...
Biodiversity
Fossil Fuels
Natural Resources
Resource Extraction
Sustainability
How would overuse of natural resources impact biodiversity?
It would have no effect on biodiversity.
It would decrease biodiversity.
It would initially decrease but then increase biodiversity.
It would increase biodiversity.
Which of the following is an advantage of using fossil fuels for energy?
They are relatively inexpensive.
Burning coal increases the level of sulfur dioxide, an ingredient in acid rain.
Water supplies may become contaminated in an oil spill scenario.
They increase the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Every five years on Easter Island, village chiefs meet and create new villages. Each village will cut down trees to create a shrine of their deities (Gods/Goddesses). A graph of the number of villages on the island is given below. Using the data provided, and assuming the trend continues, if there are 60 statues on the island in Year 0, how many statues would be on the island in Year 60?
100
108
110
115
Why is it important to live sustainably?
Poor management of resources means that they are no longer available for human use, which can cause a decline in human populations
Poor management can lead to extinctions in the ecosystem, decreasing biodiversity where resources are harvested
The resources that humans use everyday are limited, meaning that Earth only has a limited amount of resources that can provide for humans' basic needs
All of the above
Conservation of Energy
The ability of a system to do work or produce heat
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it only changes form in an ordinary chemical or physical process
The comparison of the amount of energy or product produced to the amount of energy or product put in
Changing from one form of energy to another
Not all the energy stored chemically in gasoline is converted to mechanical energy by a car’s engine. Which of the following best explains why?
Chemical bonds are not able to release all their stored energy.
The energy stored in gasoline is millions of years old, so it degrades over time.
More energy is required to make something move than to hold elements together.
Some of the energy is converted to the noise and heat produced by the engine.
Which of the following most accurately describes the current understanding of energy and mass in reactions?
Energy and mass can never be created or destroyed; they can only be transferred between systems.
The greater the mass of all the components of any system is, the greater the amount of energy it can generate.
As the energy of a system increases, so does the molecular motion of all parts of the system.
Energy can only be exchanged between systems that are in direct physical contact with each other.
Hydroelectric dams take running water and use it to turn a turbine. The most correct explanation of this process is that–
kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, and the heat energy is used to create electricity.
using heat, water energy is converted to steam, which is then used to create electricity.
kinetic energy from the water's movement is converted into mechanical energy as it moves the turbine
kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy.
The illustration shows the compression of a coiled spring caused by placing a 1-kilogram mass on it.
Given the information in the illustration and understanding that the gravitational potential energy of an object on Earth can be calculated using the formula PE = m x g x h, in which m = mass in kilograms, g = the acceleration due to gravity, and h = height in meters, what was the change in gravitational potential energy of the spring after the mass was placed on it?
A decrease of 49 joules
An increase of 49 joules
A decrease of 245 joules
An increase of 245 joules
Which object would have the highest temperature?
Particles that move faster and collide more often.
Particles that move slower and collide less often.
Particles that do not move at all
The movement of the particles does not impact the temperature of an object
An LED light bulb is favored over an incandescent light bulb because _____________
the incandescent bulb is more efficient
the LED bulb puts out less heat and more light energy
the LED bulb puts out radiant energy, but also a lot more thermal energy than the incandescent bulb
the incandescent bulb puts out more radiant energy than the LED bulb
Solar cells (solar panels) can change solar/light energy into _______ energy?
Sound
Electrical
Gravitational
Electromagnetic
Describe the type of energy transformation shown in the image
Electrical energy to chemical energy
Chemical energy to light energy
Chemical energy to mechanical energy
Electrical energy to light energy
In this system, ________ energy from the flames of the fire transfer energy to the kettle* causing the liquid to become steam.
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Light
Chemical
The heat from the steam spins a turbine converting the thermal energy into ________ energy
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Light
Chemical
The mechanical energy from the spinning turbine generates ________ energy that is used to operate the fan.
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Light
Chemical
The moving electric motor and the spinning fan blades are a form of ________ energy.
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Light
Chemical
After running for a while, the fan becomes hot to the touch, and ever so often releases ________ energy into the air.
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Light
Chemical
Another form of energy besides thermal energy or mechanical energy is released from the kettle. What is it?
Nuclear Energy
Elastic Energy
Sound Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Which event is likely being described in this image?
All of the iron in the ocean was used up, causing oxygen to diffuse into the atmosphere
Earth's surface was highly reactive and methane, hydrogen sulfate and carbon dioxide gas filled the air
UV rays from the sun hit the free oxygen molecules, creating Ozone
The levels of oxygen stabilized as more complex organisms began to evolve. Use of oxygen during cellular respiration through the Carbon Cycle caused the gasses in the atmosphere to stabilize
Which event is likely being described in this image?
All of the iron (Fe) in the ocean was used up, causing oxygen (O2) to diffuse into the atmosphere
A layer of ozone surrounded the Earth, creating a true atmosphere that prevented gas molecules from escaping into space. The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere maximized
Photosynthesizing Cyanobacteria evolved, filling the iron (Fe) rich ocean with oxygen (O2). As the iron and oxygen reacted, sedimentary rock was formed
The levels of oxygen (O2) stabilized as more complex organisms began to evolve. Use of oxygen during cellular respiration through the Carbon Cycle caused the gasses in the atmosphere to stabilize
Which event is likely being described in this image?
All of the iron (Fe) in the ocean was used up, causing oxygen (O2) to diffuse into the atmosphere
A layer of ozone surrounded the Earth, creating a true atmosphere that prevented gas molecules from escaping into space. The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere maximized
Photosynthesizing Cyanobacteria evolved, filling the iron (Fe) rich ocean with oxygen (O2). As the iron and oxygen reacted, sedimentary rock was formed
The levels of oxygen (O2) stabilized as more complex organisms began to evolve. Use of oxygen during cellular respiration through the Carbon Cycle caused the gasses in the atmosphere to stabilize
Which event is likely being described in this image?
All of the iron (Fe) in the ocean was used up, causing oxygen (O2) to diffuse into the atmosphere
A layer of ozone surrounded the Earth, creating a true atmosphere that prevented gas molecules from escaping into space. The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere maximized
UV rays from the sun hit the free oxygen (O2) molecules, creating Ozone (O3)
The levels of oxygen (O2) stabilized as more complex organisms began to evolve. Use of oxygen during cellular respiration through the Carbon Cycle caused the gasses in the atmosphere to stabilize
Which event is likely being described in this image?
All of the iron (Fe) in the ocean was used up, causing oxygen (O2) to diffuse into the atmosphere
A layer of ozone surrounded the Earth, creating a true atmosphere that prevented gas molecules from escaping into space. The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere maximized
UV rays from the sun hit the free oxygen (O2) molecules, creating Ozone (O3)
The levels of oxygen (O2) stabilized as more complex organisms began to evolve. Use of oxygen during cellular respiration through the Carbon Cycle caused the gasses in the atmosphere to stabilize
Which event is likely being described in this image?
All of the iron (Fe) in the ocean was used up, causing oxygen (O2) to diffuse into the atmosphere
A layer of ozone surrounded the Earth, creating a true atmosphere that prevented gas molecules from escaping into space. The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere maximized
UV rays from the sun hit the free oxygen (O2) molecules, creating Ozone (O3)
The levels of oxygen (O2) stabilized as more complex organisms began to evolve. Use of oxygen during cellular respiration through the Carbon Cycle caused the gasses in the atmosphere to stabilize
Which is not an example of coevolution?
Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, which allows animal life to develop.
Lichens break down rock, creating soil for new plant life to root.
Coral reefs affect erosion and deposition along the shoreline and create a habitat for life.
Water breaks rock into small pieces of sediment, creating a beach.
Use the 2 diagrams below to explain the relationship between deforestation and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
A decrease in deforestation causes an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations
An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration causes an increase in deforestation
A decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration causes a decrease in deforestation
An increase in deforestation causes an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration
Which fossil would be considered the oldest?
Crinoid
Prolecantites
Trilobites
Which fossil would be considered the oldest?
Prolecantites and Crinoid
Crinoid and Trilobite
Trilobite and Prolecantites
No fossils are from the same time period
Use the diagram to explain in what process is Carbon Dioxide a reactant?
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Which process REMOVES carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
The diagram best illustrates the concept of
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
What happens to the TOTAL amount of Carbon available on Earth over time?
It decreases
It increases
It stays the same
It fluctuates (changes)
Examine the model. Starting with atmospheric Carbon, where does the Carbon travel next on in the Carbon Cycle?
Atmospheric carbon is taken up from autotrophs during photosynthesis and moved to either the biosphere or hydrosphere.
Fossil fuels are made from once-living organisms that have been buried in the geosphere
Living organisms rely on autotrophs for the glucose to produce energy.
When fossil fuels are extracted from the geosphere and burned, the carbon returns to the atmosphere
When organisms die, they decompose, and carbon moves to the geosphere.
Examine the model. Starting with carbon in plants, where does the Carbon travel next on in the Carbon Cycle?
Atmospheric carbon is taken up from autotrophs during photosynthesis and moved to either the biosphere or hydrosphere.
Fossil fuels are made from once-living organisms that have been buried in the geosphere
Living organisms rely on autotrophs for the glucose to produce energy.
When fossil fuels are extracted from the geosphere and burned, the carbon returns to the atmosphere
When organisms die, they decompose, and carbon moves to the geosphere.
Examine the model. Starting with carbon in living organisms like heterotrophs (an example would be animals), where does the Carbon travel next on in the Carbon Cycle?
Atmospheric carbon is taken up from autotrophs during photosynthesis and moved to either the biosphere or hydrosphere.
Fossil fuels are made from once-living organisms that have been buried in the geosphere
Living organisms rely on autotrophs for the glucose to produce energy.
When fossil fuels are extracted from the geosphere and burned, the carbon returns to the atmosphere
When organisms die, they decompose, and carbon moves to the geosphere.
Examine the model. Starting with the decomposition of living organisms after they die, where does the Carbon travel next on in the Carbon Cycle?
Atmospheric carbon is taken up from autotrophs during photosynthesis and moved to either the biosphere or hydrosphere.
Fossil fuels are made from once-living organisms that have been buried in the geosphere
Living organisms rely on autotrophs for the glucose to produce energy.
When fossil fuels are extracted from the geosphere and burned, the carbon returns to the atmosphere
When organisms die, they decompose, and carbon moves to the geosphere.
Examine the model. Starting with carbon found as fossil fuels in the Geosphere, where does the Carbon travel next on in the Carbon Cycle?
Atmospheric carbon is taken up from autotrophs during photosynthesis and moved to either the biosphere or hydrosphere.
Fossil fuels are made from once-living organisms that have been buried in the geosphere
Living organisms rely on autotrophs for the glucose to produce energy.
When fossil fuels are extracted from the geosphere and burned, the carbon returns to the atmosphere
When organisms die, they decompose, and carbon moves to the geosphere.
The whole mass of air surrounding Earth; made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and other trace gases
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
All water on Earth, including oceans, surface water, groundwater, and glaciers
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
The sum of all the life on Earth
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
The portion of the Earth system that includes Earth's interior, rocks and minerals, landforms, and the processes that shape Earth's surface
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Which 2 Spheres of the Earth are considered Carbon Sinks?
Atmosphere and Geosphere
Biosphere and Hydrosphere
Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
Biosphere and Geosphere
Convergent plate boundaries
Tectonic plates move away from each other forming mid-ocean ridges, which help to further push the two plates apart.
Tectonic plates move toward each other, which creates large mountain chains, volcanoes, and deep ocean trenches
Tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions. When the tectonic plates slide against each other, pressure builds up until the plates suddenly slip. This sudden release of pressure causes an earthquake.
Divergent plate boundaries
Tectonic plates move away from each other forming mid-ocean ridges, which help to further push the two plates apart.
Tectonic plates move toward each other, which creates large mountain chains, volcanoes, and deep ocean trenches
Tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions. When the tectonic plates slide against each other, pressure builds up until the plates suddenly slip. This sudden release of pressure causes an earthquake.
Transform plate boundaries
Tectonic plates move away from each other forming mid-ocean ridges, which help to further push the two plates apart.
Tectonic plates move toward each other, which creates large mountain chains, volcanoes, and deep ocean trenches
Tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions. When the tectonic plates slide against each other, pressure builds up until the plates suddenly slip. This sudden release of pressure causes an earthquake.
According to the data table on the right, Species A would likely be which organism on the cladogram?
Algae
Arabidopsis
Cycad
Moss
According to the data table on the right, Species C would likely be which organism on the cladogram?
Algae
Arabidopsis
Cycad
Moss
According to the data table on the right, Species D would likely be which organism on the cladogram?
Algae
Arabidopsis
Cycad
Moss
Which of the following explains the connections between each line of evidence and the claim of common ancestry and biological evolution.
The fossil record allows scientists to examine how structures have changed over time and how different species may share similar structures.
Anatomical homologies suggest that different species share a common ancestor because they share common structures that have similar functions.
DNA comparison explains how closely related different species are by comparing how different or similar their DNA sequences are. The more DNA sequences organisms have in common, the more related they are.
All of the above
Based on the information shown above, which mammal in the desert ecosystem is likely the invasive species?
Desert Cottontail Rabbit
Black Tailed Jackrabbit
Coyote
After 20 years, what happened to the biodiversity of the desert ecosystem?
The biodiversity increased
The biodiversity decreased
The biodiversity stayed the same
Which of the images below depicts the LOWEST biodiversity?
Image A
Image B
Image C
Image D
Ocean acidification is caused by–
marine life that produces too much carbonic acid.
dissolved carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere.
calcium carbonate that is used to make shells and skeletons of marine organisms.
acids being released due to plate tectonics
What pattern do you notice about the trend of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as time passes?
Increases
Decreases
Stays constant
What pattern do you notice about the trend of Global Temperatures as time passes?
Increases
Decreases
Stays constant
What pattern do you notice about the trend of Antarctic Land Ice as time passes?
Increases
Decreases
Stays constant
What pattern do you notice about the trend of Sea Levels (sea height variation) as time passes?
Increases
Decreases
Stays constant
What relationships are seen among atmospheric Carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature changes, sea level changes, and the balance of glacier mass?
As glaciers melt and more water is put into the ocean, the temperature lowers as the cold water enters the ocean, causing the sea levels rise and CO2 in the atmosphere to lower as it is absorbed by more ocean
Increasing CO2 gas emissions in the atmosphere trap heat on our planet. As temperatures rise, glaciers melt and put more water into the ocean, causing sea level to rise
As temperatures rise, glaciers grow larger, causing the sea level to fall. As a result, CO2 in the atmosphere increases because there is less ocean to absorb it
Increasing CO2 gas emissions in the atmosphere allow heat to escape at a greater rate. As temperatures lower, glaciers melt and sea levels go down
What effects will a lack of glacial ice have on wildlife (the plants and animals that live in the snow)?
Less glacial ice means greater number of wildlife in an area
Less glacial ice means lower temperatures, and wildlife with heavier fur can migrate to the area
Less glacial ice means the biodiversity of the antarctic will increase
Less glacial ice means wildlife that depends on glaciers for habitat will have to migrate or they will go extinct
Examine the data points. What pattern do you notice about the trend? How is ocean pH affected by carbon dioxide concentration?
As carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) in the ocean increases, pH decreases, increasing the acidity.
As carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) in the ocean increases, pH increases, decreasing the acidity.
There is no correlation between carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and pH
Using the pH scale, please describe which pH would be considered neutral?
pH of 1
pH of 7
pH of 13
Using the pH scale, please describe which pH would be considered the most acidic?
pH of 1
pH of 7
pH of 13
Using the pH scale, please describe which pH would be considered the most basic?
pH of 1
pH of 7
pH of 13
Using the diagram to describe which arrow shows how the decomposition of organic material moves carbon, contributing to the carbon cycle?
Arrow A
Arrow B
Arrow C
Arrow D
Using the diagram to describe which arrow shows how the process of photosynthesis moves carbon, contributing to the carbon cycle?
Arrow A
Arrow B
Arrow C
Arrow D
Using the diagram to describe which arrow shows how the burning of fossil fuels moves carbon, contributing to the carbon cycle?
Arrow A
Arrow B
Arrow C
Arrow D
Describe the relationship between sources and sinks.
A source will absorb more carbon than it gives off and a sink gives off more than it absorbs.
Carbon sources are processes that add carbon to the atmosphere and carbon sinks are processes that absorb carbon.
Sinks consist of volcanic eruptions, fires, respiration of living things, and decomposition.
Sources consist of photosynthesis, oceans and bodies of water, forests, and fossil fuels.
According to the graph above, when did the first ice age occur?
2,400-2,100 million years ago
2,100-850 million years ago
460-430 million years ago
350-260 million years ago
What is the average global temperature of an ice age?
Below Freezing (32 degrees Fahreneight)
50-60 degrees Fahrenheight
70-80 degrees Fahrenheit
50-80 degrees Fahrenheit
Please analyze the data to describe how do greenhouse gases affect the overall temperature of Earth’s atmosphere?
It increased
It decreased
It stayed the same
Please analyze the data to describe how do greenhouse gases affect the heat flow into the Earth’s atmosphere?
It increased
It decreased
It stayed the same
Please analyze the data to describe how do greenhouse gases affect the heat flow out of Earth’s atmosphere?
It increased
It decreased
It stayed the same
Explain the difference between weather and climate.
Climate only measures temperature, and pressure while weather only measures humidity, and winds
Climate is measured on a daily basis, but weather is the average conditions at a particular place over a long period of time
Climate is short-term and weather is long-term.
Weather is short-term and climate is long-term.
Describe the type of feedback loop described in the image below
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
The system is at equilibrium
