What type of fatty acid has carbons connected by two or more double bonds?

Overconsumption of protein may result in obesity, fluid imbalances, and/or increased risk of CHD and stroke.

Glucose can be used by the body in which of the following ways? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

Microflora living in the large intestine have several important roles. What are these roles?

Break down substances human enzymes are unable to digest Synthesize vitamins required by humans Boost the immune system, providing protection against infection Inhibition of pathogenic bacteria

According to the MyPlate guidelines, approximately what percentage of the plate should hold protein?

As the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake increases, which event occurs?

The progressive loss of muscle mass and strength typically associated with the process of aging is called:

Which of the following foods demonstrate anticariogenic properties?

I. Instant oatmeal

II. Cheese

III. Cocoa

IV. Licorice

The currently preferred method of defining healthy weight in the US is_______?

Which of the following are important considerations in relation to the host forming dental caries?

I. Genetics

II. Race or ethnic group

III. Food selection

IV. Dietary patterns

V. Income

Which monosaccharide is typically found in honey and many fruits?

Which nutrients have a significant effect on the development of prenatal salivary gland development? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

According to the myplate.gov recommendations, the dairy group includes butter and cream.

Physiologically, dietary fat provides which of the following?

Energy requirements

Satiety value

Palatability

Fat storage

Taste buds are essential for maintaining food intake for meeting physiological needs. The four basic taste sensations interpreted include:

Sweet

Salty

Sour

Bitter

Tangy

Spicy

What are characteristics of foods having noncariogenic or cariostatic properties?

I. Decrease demineralization

II. Increase salivary flow

III. Enhance remineralization

IV. Buffering salivary effects

Macronutrients include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

The medical term used referring to persistent, abnormal distortion of taste is called:

Which set of guidelines is intended to assess nutrient adequacy or planning intakes of population groups, not individuals?

Dietary fats furnish the body with _____ of energy?

Nutrients may not be absorbed as a result of alterations in digestion and absorption if the alimentary tract is not functioning properly. This can result in what outcomes for patients? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

How does saliva provide protection against caries formation?

I. Buffers by neutralizing acids

II. Concentrates and acidifies pH of mouth

III. Decreases potential for remineralization of tooth structure

IV. Immunoglobulin A in saliva has an antimicrobial effect

V. Adequate salivary flow enables rapid oral clearance of foods

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) for fat is estimated at _____ of energy intake for adults?

The nutrient-based reference value that is defined as dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy individuals of a defined age, gender, and weight is the:

Each of the following has the potential to initiate demineralization except one. Which one is the exception?

Protein and fat are considered cariogenic.

Where does the majority of chemical digestion and absorption take place?

What recommendations should a dental hygienist consider making to patients about preventing caries formation?

I. Drink unlimited amounts of fruit juices

II. Discuss role of diet in caries formation and progression

III. Consider application of sealants

IV. Eat dried fruits

Which nutrient is the most important?

The primary bacteria involved in the initiation of dental caries is:

Proteins are an essential part of the diet and perform important physiological roles, including:

I. Tissue generation and repair

II. Collagen production

III. Fluid regulation

IV. Disease resistance

Dietary guidelines recommend lowering caloric requirements for older adults because metabolic rate increases with age.

Complex carbohydrates contain more than 10 monosaccharides. Complex carbohydrates are also called disaccharides.

What is the role of plaque biofilm in caries formation? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

Increase in consumption of which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?

Firm, fibrous food, such as raw fruits and vegetables, stimulates salivary flow.

Which factors are involved in the development of dental caries? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

Which polysaccharide is typically found in cereal grains, roots, vegetables, and legumes?

The disaccharide lactose is broken down into which 2 monosaccharides?

Which of the following are cariogenic in nature?

I. Fermentable carbohydrates

II. Processed starches

III. Sugar alcohols

IV. Protein and fats

The following are conditions associated with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

Which of the following factors related to food form and ingestion has the least effect on cariogenicity?

Each of the following is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates except one. Which one is the exception?

Food labels cannot include either an explicit or implied nutrient content claim unless it uses specific terms defined by the FDA.

Some sources of high-quality proteins include:

I. Meat

II, Fish

III. Vegetables

IV. Legumes

V. Milk

Insufficient intake of protein affects which oral tissues? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

Approximately what percentage of fluid is absorbed through the small intestine through osmosis?

Which of the following is/are roles of dietary fiber? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

The amount of fermentable carbohydrate is unrelated to caries forming potential.