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WorksheetsWeek 2
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 33mins
The latent period in radiation biology is the time between:
initial injury and repair
subsequent doses of radiation
cell rest and cell mitosis
exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms
A free radical:
is an uncharged molecule
had an unpaired electron in the outer shell
is highly reactive and unstable
combines with molecules to form toxins
all of the above
Direct radiation injury occurs when
x-ray photons hit critical targets within a cell
x-ray photons pass through the cell
x-ray photons are absorbed and form toxins
free radicals combine to form toxins
Indirect radiation injury occurs when
x-ray photons hit critical targets within the cell
x-ray photons pass though the cell
x-ray photons are absorbed and form toxins
x-ray photons hit the DNA of a cell
Which relationship describes the response of tissue to radiation?
linear
linear, threshold
linear nonthreshold
nonlinear, nonthreshold
Which factor(s) contributes to radiation injury?
total dose
dose rate
cell sensitivity
age
all of the above
Which statement is correct?
Short-term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a short period.
Short-term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a long period of time.
Long-term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a short period.
Long-term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a long period.
Radiation injuries that are not seen in the person irradiated but that occur in future generations are termed:
somatic effects
genetic effects
cumulative effects
short-term effects
Which is the most susceptible to ionizing radiations?
bone tissue
small lymphocyte
muscle tissue
nerve tissue
epithelial tissue
The sensitivity of tissues to radiation is determined by:
mitotic activity
cell differentiation
cell metabolism
all of the answers are correct
Which is considered radioresistant?
immature reproductive cells
young bone cells
mature bone cells
epithelial cells
An organ that, if damaged, diminishes the quality of an individual's life is termed:
critical
somatic
cumulative
radioresistant
The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed
gray
coulombs per kilogram
rem
rad
roentgen
Which radiation unit is determined by the quality factor (QF)?
roentgen
rad
rem
gray
The unit for measuring the absorption of x-rays is termed:
roentgen
rad
rem
quality factor
sievert
Which conversion is correct?
1R = 2.58 x 10-4 C//kg
1 rad = 0.1 Gy
1 rem = 0.1 Sv
1 Gy = 10 rad
Which traditional unit does not have an SI equivalent?
roentgen
rad
rem
quality factor
Which is used only for x-rays?
sievert
rad
rem
roentgen
What is the appropriate average dose of background radiation received by an individual in the United States?
100 mrem / 0.01 mSv
100 mrem / 1.0 mSv
300 mrem / 3.0 mSv
500 mrem / 5.0 mSv
1000 mrem / 10.0 mSv
What is the greatest contributor to artificial radiation exposure?
radioactive materials
medical radiation
consumer products
weapons production
nuclear fuel cycle
The amount of radiation exposure an individual receives varies depending on:
receptor type
collimation
technique
receptor and collimation
all of the answers are correct
A single intraoral image using a digital sensor results in an effective exposure dose of:
0.002 mSv
0.020 mSv
0.200 mSv
2.000 mSv
What is the dose at which leukemia induction is most likely to occur?
500 mrad (0.005 Gy)
1000 mrad (0.01 Gy)
2000 mrad (0.02 Gy)
5000 mrad (0.05 Gy)
none of the above
Which statement is incorrect?
X-radiation is not harmful to living tissues.
Dental images benefit the patient
In dental imaging, the benefit of disease detection outweighs the risk of damage from radiation.
Dental images should be prescribed only when the benefit outweighs the risk
Biologic damage results from x-ray exposure.
Which radiograph when taken, has the lowest dose of radiation?
panoramic
single periapical / round collimation
single periapical / rectangular collimation
complete series / rectangular collimation
Which radiograph when taken, has the lowest dose of radiation?
panoramic
single periapical / round collimation
single periapical / rectangular collimation
complete series / rectangular collimation
Of the following, which radiograph(s) has the lowest radaition dose?
panoramic
full series / round collimation
full series / rectangular collimation
Every patient should be evaluated individually prior to prescribing dental images
True
False
The 8-inch PID is more effective than the 16-inch PID in reducing radiation exposure of the patient.
True
False
Pointed cones should bot be used because of increased scatter radiation.
True
False
The thyroid collar must be worn for both intraoral and extraoral exposures.
True
False
If necessary, the dental radiographer may hold a receptor in the patient's mouth to ensure a diagnostic image
True
False
Which statement describes the function of the filter in a dental x-ray tubehead?
It reduces the size and shape of the beam.
It removes low-energy x-rays.
It removed the dose of radiation to the thyroid gland.
It decreases the mean energy of the beam.
Which is not a component of inherent filtration?
oil
unleaded glass window
a leaded PID
tubehead seal
Which is the most effective method of reducing patient exposure to radiation?
lead apron
fast films
circular PID
film-holding devices
Which position-indicating device is most effective in reducing patient exposure?
conical
rectangular
circular
all of the answers are equally effective
Which device restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam?
filter
collimator
barrier
film badge
Which material is used as a collimator?
lead
aluminum
copper
all of the answers are correct
Which describes the function of filtration?
increases scatter radiation
increases divergent rays
increases long wavelengths
reduces low-energy waves
Which is the recommended size of the beam at the patient's face?
2.75 inches
3.25 inches
3.5 inches
4.0 inches
Which term describes the dose of radiation the body can endure with little to no chance of injury?
radiation limit
maximum permissible dose
occupationally exposed dose
ALARA
Which statement is true of a radiation monitoring badge?
It should be worn when the radiographer is undergoing radiation exposure.
It can be shared between employees.
It should be worn at the waist level when x-ray receptors.
All of the answers are true
Machines operating at 70 kV or lower require (a) mm aluminum filtration.
The component of an x-ray film described as "a thin transparent coating that is placed over the emulsion" is termed:
protective layer
film base
latent image
lead foil sheet
The component of the x-ray film described as a "flexible piece of plastic that withstands heat, moisture, and chemical heat" is termed:
intraoral film
protective layer
film base
dot on the label side of the film packet
The chemical compounds that change when exposed to radiation or light are termed:
protective layer
latent image
film base
halides
The invisible pattern of stored energy on exposed film is termed:
film base
latent image
lead foil sheet
intraoral film
Dental x-ray film that is placed inside the mouth used to examine the teeth and supporting structures is termed :
duplicating
extraoral
intraoral
none of the answers are correct
The identification dot on the intraoral film is significant because it:
indicated the patient's right or left side
determines film orientation
is important in film mounting
all of the answers are correct
One of the advantages of a film with emulsion coating both sides (double-emulsion film) is that:
the film requires less radiation exposure to make an image
the image produced is less distorted
the film has less sensitivity to radiation
processing solutions are absorbed more easily
The purpose of a lead foil sheet in the packet is to:
protect the film from primary radiation
protect the film from saliva
protect the film from backscattered radiation
distinguish between the patient's right and left sides
Thich is not found on the label side of the film packet?
film speed
expiration date
the phrase "opposite side toward tube"
number of films enclosed
Which size film is known as the standard size film?
0
1
2
3
Which is the largest size film?
4
3
2
1
The film characteristics that is "the amount of radiation needed to produce a radiograph of standard density" is"
contrast
speed
image resolution
size
The speed of a film is determined by the size of the silver halide crystals in the emulsion. Identify the true statesment:
The larger the crystals, the faster the film speed
The larger the crystals, the slower the film speed
The smaller the crystals, the faster the film speed
None of the answers are correct.
A film that is placed outside the mouth during x-ray exposure is termed:
extraoral
intraoral
duplicating
periapical
A screen film is more sensitive to fluorescent light than to direct exposure to x-rays.
True
False
Nonscreen extraoral film is commonly used in extraoral radiography
True
False
The device that transfers x-ray energy into visible light is termed:
cassette
nonscreen film
screen film
intensifying screen
The intensifying screen that emits green light and must be used with green-sensitive film is termed:
calcium tungstate
rare earth
phosphor
rare tungstate
The device used to hold the extraoral film and intensifying screens is termed a:
screen holder
film holder
cassette
any of the answers are correct
Which statement is true?
Cassettes are available in sizes that correspond to film and screen sizes.
A flexible cassette is more expensive than a rigid cassette.
Film cannot be loaded incorrectly in the flexible cassette.
Film cannot be loaded incorrectly into the rigid cassette.
Which results if the intensifying screen is not in perfect contact with the screen film?
The screen may be damaged.
The film may be damaged.
A loss of image sharpness occurs.
None of the answers are correct.
Which statement about the duplicating film is false?
It is not exposed to x-rays.
It is used in the darkroom.
It may be placed intraorally or extraorally.
It is used to make copies of radiographs.
Identify the ideal temperature and humidity levels for film storage:
50 to 70 degrees F, 30 to 50 % humidity
60 to 80 degrees F, 50 to 60 % humidity
70 to 90 degrees F, 60 to 70 % humidity
below 50 degrees F, 0 to 30 % humidity
