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byu anatomy final 1-3

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which list shows the correct order of levels of organization?

a)

organisms, organs, cell, tissue, organ system

b)

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

c)

cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism

d)

tissue, cell, organ system, organ, organism

2.

Which type of muscle tissue is found in a bicep muscle that moves the lower arm?

a)

connective

b)

smooth

c)

cardiac

d)

skeletal

3.

What is it called when similar cells all perform a specific function?

a)

tissue

b)

organ system

c)

organ

d)

cell

4.

Which of the following processes is described as the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

a)

diffusion

b)

active transport

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

osmosis

5.

What is the purpose of proteins in the cell membrane?

a)

to help the cell identify other cells

b)

to allow a corridor for substances to pass through

c)

to provide a place for exocytosis to occur

d)

to provide strength to the cell membrane

6.

What is the main function of a lysosome?

a)

to release energy

b)

to control cell function

c)

to break down nutrients

d)

to make proteins

7.

Which organelle makes proteins?

a)

chloroplast

b)

nucleus

c)

mitochondria

d)

ribosome

8.

What type of tissue is bone?

a)

nervous

b)

connective

c)

muscle

d)

epithelial

9.

What type of tissue is the uppermost layer of the skin?

a)

muscle

b)

nervous

c)

epithelial

d)

connective

10.

If a human cell were placed in a hypotonic solution like pure water, what would happen?

a)

Water would enter the cell and it would swell.

b)

Water would leave the cell and it would swell.

c)

The cell would remain unchanged.

d)

Water would leave the cell and it would shrink.

11.

Which structure is not found in an animal cell?

a)

nucleus

b)

cell membrane

c)

cell wall

d)

mitochondria

12.

What is the process by which DNA copies itself?

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

replication

d)

transformation

13.

Which structure in the cell membrane acts as a door and controls what enters and leaves a cell?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

cell wall

c)

protein

d)

lipid

14.

Which structure is the basic building block of life?

a)

cell

b)

nucleus

c)

DNA

d)

ribosome

15.

Which scientist(s) first modeled the correct structure of DNA?

a)

Avery

b)

Watson and Crick

c)

Griffith

d)

Hershey and Chase

16.

The cell membrane is constructed mainly of __________

a)

phosopholipid bilayer.

b)

ribosomes.

c)

proteins.

d)

carbohydrates.

17.

Which organelle controls a cell’s activities and contains DNA?

a)

nucleus

b)

chloroplast

c)

ribosome

d)

mitochondria

18.

What is the process by which DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA?

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

transformation

d)

replication

19.

Which organizational level includes all of the other levels?

a)

tissue

b)

organ

c)

cell

d)

organism

20.

What is the function of the specific carbohydrates that are attached to the cell membrane?

a)

to identify the cell as one of the body’s own cells and not a foreign material

b)

to protect the cell from dissolving in water

c)

to allow molecules in and out of the cell

d)

to help to make proteins

21.

Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

a)

guanine and cytosine

b)

deoxyribose sugar and thymine

c)

ribose sugar and adenine

d)

uracil and cytosine

22.

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell, where respiration takes place and energy is released?

a)

mitochondria

b)

nucleus

c)

ribosome

d)

chloroplast

23.

What is it called when a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium?

a)

diffusion

b)

endocytosis

c)

exocytosis

d)

osmosis

24.

What type of solution is used in an IV solution that is pumped into your body?

a)

isotonic

b)

hypertonic

c)

hypotonic

25.

What is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body?

a)

metabolism

b)

metamorphosis

c)

reproduction

d)

homeostasis

26.

Which base bonds with guanine?

a)

thymine

b)

cytosine

c)

adenine

d)

uracil

27.

What is the ability of our bodies to keep a stable, constant internal environment?

a)

metabolism

b)

homeostasis

c)

metamorphosis

d)

reproduction

28.

When amino acids bond together, what are formed?

a)

strands of DNA

b)

proteins

c)

carbohydrates

d)

lipids

29.

Choose the correct mRNA strand that would transcribe from AGTACGCAT.

a)

UCAUGCGUA

b)

TCATGCGTA

c)

TCAUGCGTA

d)

AGTACGCAT

30.

What is a genetic mutation?

a)

a change in the DNA sequence

b)

when a person gets sick

c)

a disfigurement from an accident

d)

DNA that does not code for anything

31.

What type of injury has occurred if a ligament is stretched or torn?

a)

fracture

b)

sprain

c)

dislocation

d)

contusion

32.

Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?

a)

sternum

b)

scapula

c)

coxa (hip bone)

d)

humerus

33.

If you were an archaeologist and found a bone whose length was just about equal to its width, what type of bone would you classify it as?

a)

flat bone

b)

short bone

c)

irregular bone

d)

long bone

34.

Which type of tissue connects muscles to bones?

a)

cartilage

b)

tendon

c)

ligament

d)

smooth muscle

35.

What tissue wears out and causes arthritis in your joints?

a)

cartilage

b)

tendons

c)

fat

d)

ligaments

36.

What does red bone marrow produce for the body?

a)

fat cells

b)

blood cells

c)

bone cells

d)

muscle cells

37.

Which muscle type is striated, is attached to bone, and tires quickly?

a)

skeletal

b)

cardiac

c)

smooth

38.

If a muscle’s origin was at the femur, insertion was at the tibia and fibula, and it caused flexion of the knee, what muscle would this be?

a)

gluteus maximus

b)

biceps femoris

c)

rectus femoris

d)

gastrocnemius

39.

Which of the following descriptions is true in reference to anatomical direction?

a)

The lungs are superficial to the skin.

b)

The heart is superior to the stomach.

c)

The nose is lateral to the ears.

d)

The fingers are proximal to the wrist.

40.

What is the name of the material that helps cushion the ends of bones in joints?

a)

ligament

b)

cartilage

c)

tendon

d)

spongy bone

41.

Which visualized “cut” passes through the long axis of the body (from head to foot) and creates posterior and anterior portions?

a)

transverse section

b)

perpendicular section

c)

frontal section

d)

sagittal section

42.

How can you prevent osteoporosis?

a)

stretch before you exercise

b)

take specific drugs

c)

brush your teeth daily

d)

eat enough calcium while young

43.

In which of the following areas of the body would you find cardiac muscle tissue?

a)

arm

b)

heart

c)

intestine

d)

back

44.

In which of the following areas of the body would you find skeletal muscle tissue?

a)

esophagus

b)

heart

c)

arm

d)

intestine

45.

What is the bone that is lateral to the tibia?

a)

tarsals

b)

fibula

c)

patella

d)

femur

46.

If a muscle’s origin was at the humerus and insertion was at the ulna, what joint would it flex or extend?

a)

wrist

b)

neck

c)

upper back

d)

elbow

47.

Which bone cell breaks down bone tissue to release minerals into the body?

a)

osteocytes

b)

osteoclasts

c)

osteoblasts

d)

osteogenesis

48.

Which is the correct sequence of muscle structures from the largest to the smallest?

a)

muscle, muscle fibers, actin and myosin, myofibrils

b)

muscle, myofibrils, muscle fibers, actin and myosin

c)

muscle, muscle fibers, myofibrils, actin and myosin

49.

What type of injury has occurred if a bone comes out of its joint?

a)

fracture

b)

fracture

c)

dislocation

d)

contusion

50.

What is the name of the strong material that helps hold joints together?

a)

cartilage

b)

muscle

c)

ligaments

d)

marrow

51.

Which of the following bones run parallel to each other?

a)

clavicle and humerus

b)

humerus and ulna

c)

radius and ulna

d)

radius and humerus

52.

Myosin is one of the proteins used in muscle contraction; which is the other protein?

a)

actin

b)

cartilage

c)

tendon

d)

polyurethane

53.

Your shoulder joint is what type of joint?

a)

gliding

b)

pivot

c)

ball-and socket

d)

hinge

54.

Which two important minerals are stored in large amounts in your bones?

a)

calcium and phosphate

b)

zinc and copper

c)

calcium and potassium

d)

phosphate and potassium

55.

In which of the following areas of the body would you find smooth muscle tissue?

a)

arm

b)

heart

c)

intestine

d)

back

56.

What axial muscle elevates the jaw and allows chewing?

a)

frontalis

b)

diaphragm

c)

massetter

d)

sternocleidomastoid

57.

What part of the body is a gliding joint?

a)

neck

b)

knee

c)

hip

d)

wrist

58.

Where are blood cells produced?

a)

muscles

b)

cartilage

c)

bone marrow

d)

ligaments

59.

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

a)

generates compact bone

b)

creates blood cells

c)

stores blood cells

d)

stores fat for energy

60.

What part of the body is a hinge joint?

a)

neck

b)

wrist

c)

knee

d)

hip

61.

A person with AIDS will usually die of what?

a)

anaphylactic shock

b)

the HIV virus

c)

a secondary infection like pneumonia

62.

Which cell engulfs and digests a pathogen?

a)

mast cell

b)

B cell

c)

phagocyte

63.

What does the term metastasize mean when referring to cancer?

a)

It indicates that the cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body.

b)

It tells you where the cancer cells started to form.

c)

It indicates what causes the cancer.

d)

It indicates the size of the cancer tumor.

64.

What substance produced by the skin protects the skin cells from ultraviolet radiation?

a)

lysozyme

b)

melanin

c)

keratin

d)

mucus

65.

What does an antibody attach to when identifying a pathogen?

a)

antigen

b)

lymphocyte

c)

neutrophil

66.

What molecule is connected to the surface of pathogens?

a)

histamine

b)

antibodies

c)

lysozyme

d)

antigen

67.

What is a vaccine?

a)

an injection that kills the disease with a stronger disease

b)

an injection that contains a weaker version of the disease

c)

an injection of medicine that will kill a disease

68.

What substance, produced by the skin, helps break down the cell walls of bacteria?

a)

lysozyme

b)

melanin

c)

keratin

d)

mucus

69.

Which virus was used to help create the vaccine for smallpox?

a)

flu

b)

cowpox

c)

chicken pox

70.

What is in a vaccine?

a)

antibodies

b)

white blood cells

c)

dead or weakened pathogens

d)

medication

71.

Which of the following is a function of keratin?

a)

strengthens the epidermis

b)

changes the darkness of skin

c)

gives nutrients to the skin

d)

gives moisture to the skin

72.

What layer of the skin contains the sweat glands?

a)

hypodermis

b)

none of these

c)

dermis

d)

epidermis

73.

Who developed the first western vaccine?

a)

Joseph Lister

b)

Edward Jenner

c)

Louis Pasteur

74.

What does HIV do to the body?

a)

destroys the cells of important organs

b)

causes pneumonia

c)

attacks immune cells

75.

What is it called when a person has a serious overreaction to an allergen?

a)

anaphylactic shock

b)

AIDS

c)

lupus

76.

If you were outside in the winter with only a t-shirt on, what would be one response of the skin?

a)

Arrector pili muscles would contract, making your hair stand up.

b)

Nerve endings would heat the epidermis.

c)

Sweat glands would release sweat onto the epidermal layer.

77.

What did Lister contribute to the germ theory of disease?

a)

Microscopic organisms can contaminate other organisms.

b)

Pathogens can cause infections and can be eliminated.

c)

You can systematically identify a pathogen that is causing a disease.

78.

What is a nonharmful antigen called?

a)

an antibody

b)

an allergen

c)

an allergy

79.

What substance produced by the skin acts as a strong barrier to pathogens (bacteria and viruses)?

a)

lysozyme

b)

melanin

c)

keratin

d)

mucus

80.

In some cultures, women must wear clothing that covers their entire body except for their eyes. A large number of these same women show a tendency to have very weak bones. Why?

a)

The culture also restricts women’s diets.

b)

Vitamin D is not produced because their skin in not exposed to the sun.

c)

Vitamin D is removed from the body because there is not exposure to the sun.

d)

They produce too much melanin with no sun exposure.

81.

What idea did Pasteur contribute to the germ theory of disease?

a)

Microscopic organisms can contaminate other organisms.

b)

Pathogens can cause infections and can be eliminated.

c)

You can systematically identify a pathogen that is causing a disease.

82.

What substance is produced in the integumentary system that gives a darker color to the skin?

a)

vitamin K

b)

oil

c)

melanin

d)

keratin

83.

What do your sweat glands do to help protect you from pathogens?

a)

create a physical barrier

b)

secrete oil and acids that kill some pathogens

c)

produce white blood cells that kill some pathogens

84.

What chemical is produced by mast cells to start the inflammatory response?

a)

histamine

b)

lysozyme

c)

lymphocyte

d)

antigen

85.

What did Koch contribute to the germ theory of disease?

a)

Microscopic organisms can contaminate other organisms.

b)

Pathogens can cause infections and can be eliminated.

c)

You can systematically identify a pathogen that is causing a disease

86.

What does the germ theory of disease indicate is the cause of infectious diseases?

a)

pathogens

b)

genes

c)

chemicals

87.

How was the bubonic plague transmitted to humans?

a)

mosquito bites

b)

foul-smelling air

c)

bacteria found in rats

88.

Multiple sclerosis affects what part of your body?

a)

nervous system

b)

connective tissue

c)

lymph nodes

89.

If you were outside in the summer on a very hot day, what would be one response of the skin?

a)

Arrector pili muscles would contract, making your hair stand up.

b)

Nerve endings would cool the epidermis.

c)

Sweat glands would release sweat onto the epidermal layer.

90.

What are antibodies produced by?

a)

sweat glands

b)

natural killer cells

c)

pathogens

d)

B cells