the average adult kidney measures ______ in length.

what structure enables the kidneys to be visualized on plain abdmonial radiographs?

which of the following functions is not performed by the urinary system?

the term describing the total functioning portions of the kidney is the

urine will travel from the major calyces to the :

The glomeruli, glomerular capsule, and proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located in the _____ of the kidney.

the structural and functional unit of the kidney is:

which structure of the kidney is labeled 3?

which structure and /or region of the kidney is labeled 1?

which structure is labeled 2

what structure is labeled 6?

one of the three constricted points along each ureter is the pelvic brim. The location of this constricted point is:

what is the total capacity of the average adult bladder?

which term describes the act of voiding under voluntary control?

the numerous mucosal folds located within the urinary bladder are termed?

which of the following compounds is a common cation (+) found in ionic contrast media?

which component of an ionic contrast media increases in solubility?

which of the following is true with nonionic-type contrast media?

which of the following occurs in many patients and is defined as an expected outcome to the introduction of iodinated contrast media?

the american college of radiology recommends that metformin ( a drug used for diabetes mellitus) be withheld for ___ hour(s) following a contrast media procedure.

The normal creatinine level (diagnostic indication of kidney function) for an adult is ____mg/dL

normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels in adults should no exceed ______ mg per 100 mL

what is the primary purpose of the permedication procedure before an iodinated contrast media study?

which one of the following drugs is often given before an IVU to reduce the risk of a contrast media reaction?

which of the following symptoms is classified as "mild" during a systematic contrast media reaction?

if a patient experiences trachycardia (>100 heartbeats/min) following a systemic contrast media injection, he or she is experiencing a reaction.

if a patient experiences laryngeal swelling following a contrast media injection, he or she is experiencing a ____ level reation.

the drug lasix is classified as a :

a brief loss of consciousness caused by reduced cerebral blood flow is termed

a region or area of subcutaneous swelling caused by allergic reaction to food or drugs is termed?

which of the following symptoms is considered a severe reaction to contrast media and is a life-threatening condition requiring life saving measures?

which of the following conditions is considered to be higher risk ( a contraindication ) for a contrast media reaction?

what is the correct course of action for the technologist when, during an injection of contrast media, a patient experiences a side effect of mild hot flashes and some metallic taste in his mouth?

which term describes the leakage of contrast media from a vein into the surrounding tissue of the arm?

which level of contrast media reaction has occurred when the patient develops moderate urticaria?

which of the following is considered as a contraindication for an IVU procedure?

which of the following conditions is considered a moderate- level contrast media reaction requiring treatment?

what is the recommended treatment protocol for extravasation?

the rapid introduction of contrast agents into the vascular system is termed:

in preparation for a venipuncture , a tourniquet should be applied_______ above or proximal to the site of injection.

the most common size needle sued for bolus injection of contrast agents for adult patients is _____ gauge.

which of the following veins is not normally used during venipunture?

patchy blunting of the calyces is a radiographic sign of:

ureteric compression is contraindicated for patients with history of:

how is contrast media normally introduced during a retrograde cystogram?

what is the recommended position for a male retrograde urethrogram?

with automatic exposure control ( AEC), which ionization chamber(s) should be activated for an AP projection taken during an IVU?

which one of the following veins is NOT selected for venipuncture during IVU?

where is the central ray (CR) centered for a nephrotomogram of the kidneys?

a nephrogram taken during an IVU demonstrates that the renal parenchyma is poorly visualized but the calyces are contrast enhanced. what is the most likely reason for this radiographic outcome?

a radiograph of a left posterior oblique ( LPO) position taken during an IVU reveals that the right kidnet is foreshortened and superimposed over the spine. What must the technologist do to correct this error during the repeat exposure?

a radiograph of an AP projection taken during a retrograde cystogram reveals that the floor of the bladder is superimposed over the symphysis pubis. what error led to this radiographic finding?

a patient comes to radiology for an IVU. during the procedure, the radiologist suspects nephroptosis. which of the following positions best demonstrate this condition?

a patient comes to radiology for an IVU. the clinical history states that the patient may have an enlarged prostate gland ( benign prostatic hyperplasia ). which of the following positions best demonstrates this condition?

a patient comes to radiology, after surgery of the abdomen, for an IVU with an order for ureteric compression to enhance pelvicalyceal filling. what should the technologist do?

a patient comes to radiology for an IVU. he has a clinical history of renal hypertension. how should the IVU procedure be altered for this patient?

a patient comes to radiology with a history of vesicourethral reflux. the patient states that she is highly sensitive to iodinated contrast media. Which of the following alternative procedures could be performed to demonstrate this condition?

a make patient comes to radiology for a voiding cystourethrogram. which of the following projections and/or positions would be performed for this procedure?

a patient during an injection of contrast media, complains about pain at the injection site. the radiographer notices a moderate degree of swelling beneath the skin. the radiographer stops the injection and suspects that the needle has slipped out of the vein. what should the radiographer do after removing the needle to alleviate the patients discomfort?

a patient comes to radiology for an IVU. his laboratory report indicates a creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL. what should be the technologists next step?

a patient with a possible ureteric stone comes from the emergency department (ED) for an IVU. she has a blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) level of 50. which of the following imagining modalities is recommended for this patient?

during an IVU, the patient develops severe urticaria. what should be the next action taken by the technologist?

a patient experiences a hot flash after the injection of an iodinated contrast media. what should be the next action taken by the technologist?

absence of a functioning kidney

excretion of diminished amounts of urine

act of voiding

complete cessation of urinary secretion

passage of a large volume of urine

blood in the urine

artificial opening between the urinary bladder and aspects of the large intestines

normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but remains in the pelvis

age-associated enlargement of the prostate gland

large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis

fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus

constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine

the suprarenal glands are part of the endocrine system.

the left kidney is generally slightly lower or more inferior than the right.

ionic contrast agents use a parent compound of a carboxyl group ( benzoic acid)

nonionic contrast agents create a hypertonic condition in the blood plasma as compared with ionic agents

nonionic contrast agents may increase the severity of side effects as compared with ionic contrast agents.

nonionic contrast agents contain no positively charged cations.

a vasovagal contrast media reaction can be a life-threatening condition.

a medical emergency must be declared if the patient experiences a moderate contrast media reaction.

extravasation is classified as a local reaction

phlebitis is considered to be a systemic contrast media reaction

venipuncture procedures may be performed by a technologist only if a physician is present in the room or is an adjoining room.

patients ( or legal guardian) must sign an informed consent form before a venipuncutre proceedure.

the bevel of the needle must be facing downward during the actual puncture into a vein.

if available, the technologist should use a central line catheter to introduce contrast agents into the patient.

over-the-needle catheters are often used for drip infusion studies.

the technologist should leave a butterfly needle in the vein for the first part of the IVU following injections.

CT ( computed tomography) of the kidney for renal calculi does not require the use of intravenous contrast media.

ultrasound is an effective imagining modality in demonstrating cystitis.

if an IVU is performed on a female, the menstrual history must be obtained.

gernerally, female patients cannot be shielded during an IVU ( except for nephrotomography )

it is recommended to inject contrast media through a shunt when one is present in the patient.

if both procedures are ordered the same day, a barium enema must be performed before an IVU

all reactions, regardless of their severity, must be documented.

a true allergic reaction is also called an anaphylactic reaction