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The Living Earth (Final--Spring 22)

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Does car color impact the temperature of the inside of the car? What is the independent variable?

a)

The color of the car

b)

The temperature inside the car

c)

The size of the car

d)

The place the car is parked

2.

Does car color impact the temperature of the inside of the car? What should be the constants in this experiment? Check all that apply.

a)

The color of the car's interior

b)

The type of car being used

c)

Where the cars are parked

d)

The thermometer taking the temperature

e)

The color of the car's exterior

3.

Does car color impact the temperature of the inside of the car? What is the dependent variable

a)

The color of the car's interior

b)

Where the car is parked

c)

The temperature of the air outside

d)

The temperature inside of the car

4.

What is a control?

a)

What is changed in an experiment

b)

What stays the same in an experiment

c)

What is measured during an experiment

d)

What the "normal/natural" circumstances are

5.
A claim is ______________________________.
a)
a kind of shellfish often used in chowder. 
b)
a fact.
c)
a statement or conclusion that answers the original question or problem
d)
a bad thing to make about something.
6.
Evidence is ___________________
a)
A statement or conclusion that answers a question
b)
Scientific data that supports the claim
c)
A justification that connects the claim to the evidence
d)
Not vital when using an argument
7.
Reasoning is __________________.
a)
A statement of conclusion that answers the original question/problem
b)
Scientific data that supports the claim
c)
A justification that connects the evidence to the claim
d)
Empirical Evidence
8.
Which piece of evidence could be used to BEST support this claim:
High school students should be required to wear uniforms.
a)
When adding everything up, a school uniform could end up costing more than $200.
b)
A student reported, "Allowing us to wear our own clothes gives us a chance to show our unique style and independence."
c)
At one school that recently required students to wear uniforms, attendence rates went up, and behavior incidents went down.
d)
School uniforms can be ordered online .
9.

When writing you hypothesis, what information follows IF?

a)

dependent variable

b)

how you know it will happen

c)

independent variable

d)

anything

10.

When writing a hypothesis, what information do you fill in after THEN?

a)

dependent variable

b)

independent variable

c)

how you know it will happen

d)

anything good

11.

Choose the correct hypothesis for "What effect does studying have on your test grade?"

a)

IF I study for hours, THEN my test grade will be better.

b)

IF I have a good test grade, THEN I will study.

c)

Good grades are from studying.

12.

A students was doing an experiment using the scientific method. Every three days the student plans to count the green leaves. Which would be a good hypothesis for this experiment?

a)

If plants are placed in direct sunlight, then they will grow more green leaves.

b)

If plants are places in bright light, then they will grow more green leaves than in dim light.

c)

If plants are place in clay pots, then they will grow more green leaves than plastic pots.

d)

If plants are in warmer temperatures, then they will grow more green leaves.

13.

Food, water, sunlight, air, soil are resources that are often __________.

a)

limiting factors

b)

wet

c)

messy

d)

found in rocks

14.

The number of individuals a habitat can sustain with the resources it has available

a)

Carrying capacity

b)

Limiting factors

c)

Resources

d)

Population

15.

In ecology, resources that organisms need can also be called Limiting Factors. Which of the following is the best definition for this key term?

a)

Environmental factors that are all abiotic

b)

Resources that are all biotic

c)

Resources that may cause a species' population size to change

d)

Environmental factors that affect predators but not prey

16.

Which best describes what happened to the wolf population when wolves could not find what they needed to survive?

a)

Their population size stayed the same

b)

Their population increased in size

c)

Their population decreased in size

17.

What is the carrying capacity of the graph?

a)

1000

b)

8000

c)

800

d)

600

18.

This may cause a population to increase

a)

increase of food supply

b)

removal of predators

c)

removal of disease

d)

all of these

19.
The largest number of individuals that an area can support is called its _______.
a)
limiting factor
b)
abiotic factor
c)
resource availability
d)
carrying capacity
20.

The graph to the right shows the interaction of the wolf and moose populations on Isle Pekie. If the moose population continues to increase, the wolves' food supply will increase. What will most likely happen to the wolf population as a result?

a)

It will decrease.

b)

It will increase.

c)

It will remain the same.

21.

In a forest community, an introduced bird species enters the ecosystem and hunts for the same fish as another species. This would be an example of an increase in ________ among the bird species.

a)

abiotic factors

b)

competition

c)

space

d)

food supply

22.

The clownfish lives among the tentacles of tropical sea anemones. The stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from predators. The mucus on the fish protects it from the tentacles. In turn, the anemone is provided food from the predators that approach the anemone to eat the clownfish. What type of relationship does this example describe?

a)

Mutually beneficial

b)

Predator & Prey

c)

Consumer & Producer

d)

Competition

23.

When a tick attaches to a dog, the tick will suck the blood of the dog and can transfer diseases. This is an example of what type of relationship?

a)

competition

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

24.
A close long term association between 2 or more species
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Symbiosis
d)
Parasitism
25.
Relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
a)
Commensalism
b)
Parasitism
c)
Mutualism
d)
Competition
26.

Where does the energy that animals get their food come from?

a)

Space

b)

Italy

c)

Mars

d)

The Sun

27.

A plant that converts the sun's energy is called..

a)

A producer

b)

seaweed

c)

plankton

d)

a herbivore

28.

Animals that eat the producers are called...

a)

Hungry

b)

Predators

c)

Primary consumers

d)

Caterpillars

29.
What is a decomposer? 
a)
Organism that creates their own food.
b)
Organism that eat other organisms for energy
c)
Organism that eat other dead organisms
30.
What do Omnivores eat? 
a)
Plants ONLY 
b)
Animals ONLY
c)
Plants AND Animals
31.

Click on the image to make it larger-- Choose all that apply: The hawk gets energy from...

a)

mouse

b)

rabbit

c)

wildflowers

d)

snake

32.

Click on the image to make it larger-- Choose the living things that are producers...

a)

wildflowers

b)

rabbit

c)

snake

d)

grass

33.

Click on the imgae to make it larger-- Choose the herbivores in the food web....

a)

hawk

b)

mouse

c)

rabbit

d)

snake

34.
What is missing from this food chain?
Grass > Grasshopper > Bird > Snake
a)
Producer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Decomposer
35.

Why might an organism have more than one arrow coming from them in a food web?

a)

More than one organism may eat them.

b)

They may eat more than one other organism.

c)

This organism gets its energy from multiple sources.

36.
The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly
a)
1%
b)
10%
c)
100%
d)
1000%
37.
Trophic levels are represented by 
a)
squares
b)
circles
c)
pyramids
d)
lines
38.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?
a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
39.

The word "primary" means "first."

If that's true, what does primary consumer mean?

Hint: look carefully at the food chain!

a)

the first organism in a food chain

b)

the first organism that consumes something else for energy

40.

According to the image, what is the primary consumer in the food chain?

a)

plant

b)

insect

c)

mouse

d)

snake

41.

According to the image, what is the secondary consumer?

a)

plant

b)

insect

c)

mouse

d)

snake

42.

An instinct it:

a)

a behavior that is learned

b)

a behavior that an animal begins life with

c)

something that a person buys

43.

What is a learned behavior?

a)

a behavior that they go to school for

b)

a behavior that they learn from others

c)

a behavior that they don't want

d)

a behavior that is bad

44.
The behavior of some animals to attract other animals
a)
Courtship
b)
Dating
c)
Showing off
d)
Hibernation
45.
This is a behavior when certain animals travel together for protection:
a)
mimicry
b)
camouflage
c)
grouping
d)
blending
46.
Using this picture, what defense is this Hawk Moth displaying?
a)
camouflage
b)
emitting smells
c)
mimicry
d)
panting
47.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

48.
Where does photosynthesis take place in the plant cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cytoplasm
c)

Chloroplast

d)
Mitochondria
49.
What is one of the "ingredients" for photosynthesis?
a)
Sugar (Glucose)
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Yeast
50.
What are the two products of photosynthesis?
a)
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
b)

Oxygen and Sugar

c)
Sunlight and Sugar
51.
What is the opposite reaction of photosynthesis called?
a)
Cellular Respiration
b)
Fermentation
c)
Photosynthetic Process
d)
Non-photosynthesis
52.
What is one of the 3 products of cellular respiration?
a)
Sunlight
b)
Energy
c)
Oxygen
d)
Sugar (Glucose)
53.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar
b)
CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + Sugar
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ Sugar
54.
Which of the following structure is where cellular respiration occurs in the cell?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
mitochondria
d)
vacuoles
55.
Glucose is...
a)
A product of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
b)
A reactant of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
c)
A product of photosynthesis and a reactant of cellular respiration
d)
A reactant of photosynthesis and a product of cellular respiration
56.

This is the chemical formula for a molecule of...

a)

Oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide

c)

Glucose

d)

Water

57.
What cells in the body may undergo lactic acid fermentation during exercise? 
a)
Muscle cells
b)
Fat cells
c)
Liver cells
d)
Skin cells
58.
Fermentation is cellular respiration without which molecule?
a)
CO2
b)
O2
c)
C6H12O6
59.
When respiration occurs with oxygen, it is called _______
a)
anaerobic
b)
aerobic
c)
light-dependent
d)
fermentation
60.
Fermentation is:
a)
Cellular Respiration 
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Aerobic
d)
Anaerobic
61.

Biodiversity refers to.........

a)

differences in plants

b)

differences in animals

c)

the variety of all life on earth

d)

animals located near the artic

62.

The largest threat to biodiversity is

a)

bacteria

b)

humans

c)

fungi

d)

plants

63.

The loss of a natural habitat is called:

a)

Habitat Development

b)

Pollution

c)

Biodiversity

d)

Habitat Destruction

64.

Careful usage of resources is called ______________

a)

Conservation

b)

Development

c)

Sustainability

65.

To use natural resources wisely for today’s needs and also to conserve them for future generations is called ____________

a)

Sustainable development

b)

Conservation of resources

c)

Development of resources

66.
Which layer is the youngest
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
67.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
68.

Similarities in bone arrangements, like those in the picture, support the hypothesis that...

a)

these organisms are not well adapted

b)

these organisms share a common ancestor

c)

these organisms all share the same DNA sequences

d)

these organisms are members of the same species

69.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
70.

What is this an example of?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial organs

d)

Functional adaption

71.

The picture shows a/an ___________

a)

homologous structure

b)

vestigial structure

72.
This is the study of embryos and their development.
a)
Embryology
b)
Evolution
c)
Embryos
d)
adaptation
73.
When you compare DNA or proteins to support evolution, you are using what kind of evidence?
a)
anatomical evidence
b)
molecular evidence
c)
fossil evidence
74.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
75.
Which two orgainsms have hair? 
a)
Sharks & Ray Finned Fish
b)
Primates & Rodents
c)
Birds & Crocodiles
d)
Rabbits & Birds
76.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
bipedal & opposable thumbs
77.
An inherited characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(n)
a)
vestigial structure
b)
speciation
c)
analogous structure
d)
adaptation
78.

The process of biological change in a population over time is called...

a)

Evolution

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Creationism

d)

Intelligent Design

79.

Natural Selection states that...

a)

Genetic mutation is random

b)

Organisms will change to adapt to their environment

c)

The best adapted organisms will live longer and reproduce more than others

d)

Organisms are naturally selected by God to reproduce

80.

According to the principle of Descent with Modification, what happens to harmful traits, in a population, over time?

a)

They become less common

b)

They become more common

c)

They increase allele frequency

d)

They decrease genetic drift

81.

Genetic Drift causes...

a)

Increased genetic variation

b)

Loss of genetic variation

c)

Population growth

d)

Population decline

82.

Gene Flow...

a)

Increases genetic variation

b)

Decreases genetic variation

c)

Increases population size

d)

Decreases population size

83.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
84.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
85.

The allelle / (trait) that is "weaker". The offspring will not have the trait represented unless there are two of these.

a)

recessive allele

b)

dominant allele

c)

co-dominant allele

86.

How many chromosomes do humans have?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

96

d)

21

e)

43

87.
The dominant trait is
a)
yellow pea seeds
b)
green pea seeds
c)
there is no dominant seed
d)
Jolly green giant
88.
What is a gene?
a)
An entire chromosome that  codes for a trait
b)
a piece of clothing
c)
a piece of a DNA on chromosome that codes for a trait
d)
Chemical messengers in your brain that code for a trait
89.

Chromosomes are found in the ____________ of the cell

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

e)

Vacuole

90.
The passing of DNA from parents to offspring
a)
Generation
b)
Heredity
c)
Inheritance
d)
Traits
91.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
92.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
93.
What is the probability of heterozygous offspring?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
0%
d)
100%
94.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
95.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
96.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
97.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:

AUG-ACU-CGA-UGA

a)

Met-Thr-Arg-Stop

b)

Cys-Thr-Arg-Val

c)

Met-Thr-Ser-Stop

d)

Met-Phe-Arg-Stop

98.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

99.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

100.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

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