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WorksheetsCeutics - Exam 1 - Dosage Forms Miroshnyk
Total questions: 43
Worksheet time: 3hrs 1mins
What are the classifications of dosage forms in the physical state
solids
semi-solids
liquids
disperse systems
enteral
What are the classifications of dosage forms in the intended action phase
systemic
local
enteral
parenteral
What are the classifications of dosage forms in the route of administration
systemic
local
enteral
parenteral
What are the classifications of dosage forms in the duration of action
systemic
local
fast acting
long acting
What does the route of administration depend on
drug
formulation
patient factors
dosage
How many ROA does the FDA define
117
118
220
113
What are the enteral (enteros = intestine) ROA
oral
rectal
sublingual
nasal
What are paraenteral (para = beside; avoiding intestinal tract) ROA
intravenous/ intramuscular/ subsuteneous injections
pulmonary
transdermal
nasal, otic, occular
rectal
What site of administration is involved with the oral route
mouth
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous
mouth (inhaled)
skin surface
What site of administration is involved with the parenteral route
mouth
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous
mouth (inhaled)
skin surface
What site of administration is involved with the pulmonary route
mouth
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous
mouth (inhaled)
skin surface
What site of administration is involved with the topical route
mouth
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous
mouth (inhaled)
skin surface
What site of administration is involved with the transdermal route
mouth
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous
mouth (inhaled)
skin surface
What effect do drugs via the oral route have on the body?
typically systemic
only systemic
mainly local pulmonary
local
What effect do drugs via the parenteral injection have on the body?
typically systemic
only systemic
mainly local pulmonary
local
What effect do drugs via the pulmonary route have on the body?
typically systemic
only systemic
mainly local pulmonary
local
What effect do drugs via the topical route have on the body?
typically systemic
only systemic
mainly local pulmonary
local
What effect do drugs via the transdermal route have on the body?
typically systemic
only systemic
mainly local pulmonary
local
What are the advantages of the oral route of administration
non-invasive
convenient
a wide range of pH available for absorption of various drugs through GIT
most natural
rapid predictable absorption
What are the disadvantages of the oral route of administration
slow drug response
chances for irregular absorption
degradation of certain drugs due to stomach acid
intestinal enzymes
more expensive
What are the dosage forms of the oral route of administration
tablets/capsules
elixirs
solutions/syrups
suspensions
emulsions
What are the advantages of the parenteral injection route of administration
rapid predictable absorption
deliver drugs that are poorly absorbed from GI/degrades in GI tract
escapes first pass effect
useful in infant, elderly, comatose and uncooperative patients
degradation of certain drugs due to stomach acid
What are the disadvantages of the parenteral injection route of administration
more expensive
no retrieval
requires trained personnel (IV)
more complex drug delivery system
What are the dosage forms of the parenteral injection route of administration
sterile solutions
suspensions
aerosols
ointments
What are the advantages of the pulmonary route of administration
targeted delivery to bronchiolar epithelium
more complex drug delivery system
patients need training
dose variability
What are the disadvantages of the pulmonary route of administration
targeted delivery to bronchiolar epithelium
more complex drug delivery system
patients need training
dose variability
What are the dosage forms of the pulmonary route of administration
aerosols
powders
ointments
creams
What are the advantages of the topical route of administration
convenient
can be removed
local action
escapes first pass effect
What are the disadvantages of the topical route of administration
non-standardized
subjective dosing
expensive
dose variability
What are the dosage forms of the topical route of administration
powders
ointments
pastes
creams/lotions
sprays
What are the advantages of the transdermal route of administration
convenient
can be removed
escapes first pass effect
controlled delivery of drugs
What are the disadvantages of the transdermal route of administration
expensive
only low mol. wt. drugs with high partition coefficient are suitable for transdermal formulations
escapes first pass effect
controlled delivery of drugs
What are the dosage forms of the transdermal route of administration
transdermal patches
discs
sprays
creams
How do drugs work
API in a dosage form, ROA, drug absorption, molecular drug targets
ROA, API in a dosage form, drug absorption, molecular drug targets
drug absorption, ROA molecular drug targets, API
API in a dosage form, drug absorption, ROA, molecular drug targets
Bioavailability is the rate and extent to which a drug substance is ______ from a dosage form and becomes available at the site of drug action
absorbed
disposed
processed
Consider two dosage forms of verapamil, oral tablets and intravenous (IV) injections. How would you predict bioavailability of these two dosage forms?
Equal
Unequal, with oral bioavailability being higher
Unequal, with oral bioavailability being lower
How much bioavailability would a drug given by an intravenous injection be within the body
100%
Variable
50%
90%
How much bioavailability would a drug given by oral dosage forms be within the body
100%
Variable
50%
90%
What is the correct order of bioavailability ranking of oral dosage forms from most to least
solutions, suspensions, capsules, uncoated tablets, coated tablets
solutions, suspensions, capsules, coated tablets, uncoated tablets
solutions, suspensions, uncoated tablets, coated tablets, capsules
solutions, suspensions, coated tablets, uncoated tablets, capsules
What are some physico-chemical properties of drug
solid-state form
particle size
pKa
log P/log D
What are some factors affecting bioavailability
physico-chemical properties of drug
pharmaceutical excipients
dosage form characteristics
physiologic factors and patient characteristics
What dosage form characteristics affect bioavailability
disintegration/dissolution rate
storage conditions
solid-state form
particle size
What physiologic factors and patient characteristics affect bioavailability
gastric emptying time/intestinal transit time
gastrointestinal pH
other drug effects, food, fed, or fast condition
fluids
drug metabolism (biotransformation)
