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Eukaryotic Cells Structure and Function

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
This organelle acts like a gatekeeper, allowing some materials to pass through it, but not others. 
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Vacuole
2.
This organelle is a gel-like fluid that takes up most of the space inside the cell. 
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Vacuole
d)
Golgi Body
3.
Some viruses attack cells by inserting their own DNA into the host cell's DNA. Why might it be simpler for these viruses to attack prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic cells?
a)
prokaryotic cells have less DNA than do eukaryotic cells.
b)
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
c)
The cell wall in prokaryotic cells is a less effective barrier.
d)
The rapid growth of prokaryotic cells generates more viruses.
4.
Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
a)
storing genetic information
b)
recycling waste products of the cell
c)
providing a protective barrier
d)
processing and storing proteins
5.
The graph shows the number of mitochondria in breast muscles of different birds. Which statement best explains these data?
a)
The number of mitochondria in chickens would be higher if they could fly.
b)
The chicken breast muscle requires the greatest amount of energy per cell.
c)
The energy requirement of pigeon breast muscle is low.
d)
Duck breast muscle require the least amount of energy.
6.
What makes up the cell membrane?
a)
Lipid Monolayer
b)
Lipid Bilayer
c)
Protiens
d)
Carbohydrate Chains
7.
What structure is responsible for making proteins?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Golgi Apparatus
d)
Ribosome
8.
Besides the cytoplasm, where else do we find ribosomes?
a)
Vacoule
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
d)
Lysosome
9.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a)
to make energy
b)
modify and transport proteins made by the ribosomes on it
c)
store water and other vital molecules
d)
to make new membranes and neutralize toxins
10.
Membrane packages that carry molecules around the cell or out of the cell.
a)
Golgi Apparatus
b)
Vacuole
c)
Lysosome
d)
Vesicles
11.
Vesicle filled with digestive enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into monomers. Recycle damaged or unused organelles.
a)
ER
b)
Lysosome
c)
Vacuole
d)
Mitochondria
12.
I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?
a)
vacuole
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondrion
d)
golgi apparatus
13.
Which of the following is directly involved in the transportation of materials inside/within the cell?
a)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
b)
Vacuole
c)
Lysosome
d)
Mitochondria
14.
Some cells, such as human nerve and muscle cells, contain many more mitochondria than do other cells, such as skin cells.  Why do some cells have more mitochondria than others?
a)
The cells use more energy
b)
The cells store more nutrients
c)
The cells degrade more proteins
d)
The cells divide more frequently
15.
Bacteria, protist, animal and plant cells all have a _______
a)
cell membrane
b)
nucleus
c)
chloroplasts
d)
cell wall
16.
What is the difference between rough and smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
a)
There is no difference.
b)
Plants have rough ER, animals have smooth ER.
c)
What type of injuries the Doctors treat.
d)
Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not.
17.

Which organelle is labeled C, and stores DNA?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

cell membrane

c)

cell wall

d)

nucleus

18.

Which organelle is an energy-releasing structure that creates energy in cells?

a)

A, mitochondria

b)

B, golgi apparatus

c)

C, nucleus

d)

D, endoplasmic reticulum

19.
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transformation
d)
replication
20.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

a)

Protein, DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA, Protein

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

Protein, RNA, DNA

21.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

22.

Which RNA carries the message?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

23.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
24.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
25.

What does tRNA stand for?

a)

transition RNA

b)

transcription RNA

c)

transfer RNA

d)

translation RNA

26.

mRNA is read into amino acids during what process?

a)

transcription

b)

transfer

c)

translation

d)

transition

27.

Which of the following structure is where cellular respiration (Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain) occurs in the cell?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

vacuoles

28.

Cellular Respiration's goal is to

a)

make water

b)

make ATP

c)

make glucose

d)

make oxygen

29.

What type of respiration requires oxygen?

a)

Aerobic

b)

Anaerobic

30.

Where does Glycolysis occur inside the cell? (first step in the overall process)

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Nucleus

31.

What are the products (what is released) of cellular respiration? (Mark all of them!)

a)

oxygen

b)

glucose

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

water

e)

ATP (energy)

32.

Which stage of the cellular respiration process produces the most ATP?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Acetyl CoA

c)

Kreb's Cycle

d)

Electron Transport Chain

33.

What's the chemical formula for glucose?

a)

6C6H12O6

b)

C12H6O12

c)

C6H12O6

d)

CHO

34.

Which molecule is the product of Glycolysis and the reactant of the Krebs Cycle?

a)

pyruvic acid

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

water

d)

oxygen

35.

Which molecule is the product of the Krebs Cycle?

a)

oxygen

b)

pyruvic acid

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

water

36.

What is formed at the end of the Electron Transport Chain by the combination of its reactant and hydrogen?

a)

water

b)

oxygen

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

glucose

37.

The Electron Transport Chain is a series of chemical reactions in which energy is transferred to form a large amount of what molecule?

a)

glucose

b)

oxygen

c)

pyruvate

d)

ATP

38.
This process releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.
a)
photosynthesis
b)
light-independent reaction
c)
cellular respiration
d)
light-dependent reaction
39.
What is cellular respiration?
a)
the breakdown of glucose  to release ATP
b)
the breakdown of glucose to release NADH
c)
the breakdown of glucose to release FADH
d)
the breakdown of glucose to release carbon
40.
The energy in ATP is stored 
a)
in the bond between the second and third phosphate
b)
in the bond between the first and second phosphate
c)
in the bond between the adenosine and the first phosphate
d)
I like turtles
41.
What is the function of ATP in living things?
a)
provides energy for cells
b)
stores genetic information
c)
provides structure in the nucleus
42.
What does the "TP" in ATP stand for?
a)
2 phosphates
b)
tri (3) phosphates
c)
Two proteins
d)
tri (3) proteins
43.

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient.

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

osmosis

44.

Hydrophobic

a)

Mixes well with water

b)

Does not mix with water

45.

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

a)

Osmosis

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Active Transport

d)

Endocytosis

46.

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

a)

Active transport

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Exocytosis

d)

Passive transport

47.

some substances, but not all, can pass directly through the cell membrane by passive or active transport

a)

semipermeable

b)

plasma

c)

cell

d)

turgid

48.
A phospholipid has 2 parts. What are they called? 
a)
Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophobic Tail 
b)
Hydrophobic Head, Hydrophilic Tail 
49.
___________ strengthens and stabilizes the cell membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
50.
___________ have 2 functions in the cell membrane.
1.) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in. 
2.) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
51.
It forms a boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell. 
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Lipid Cleric Layer
c)
Membrane Gate
d)
Protein Receptors 
52.
What forms the channels and pumps in the phospholipid bilayer?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
proteins
c)
hydrophilic heads 
d)
lipids
53.
Hydrophobic region of the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A 
54.
Part of the plasma membrane responsible for cell recognition... 
a)
C
b)
E
c)
B
d)
D
55.
Cell membrane is made up of 
a)
Polar heads, non-polar tails
b)
Non-polar heads, polar tails
c)
Polar heads, polar tails
d)
Non-polar heads, non-polar tails
56.
______________ produces the most ATP.
a)
photosnthesis
b)
aerobic respiration
c)
anaerobic respiration
d)
glycolysis
57.

True or False. The Krebs Cycle takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

True or False. The electron transport chain for both the mitochondria and the chloroplast occur on membranes.

a)

True

b)

False

59.

What is the function of the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?

a)

space where H+ ions accumulate quickly for ATP synthesis

b)

space where electrons accumulate for ATP synthesis

c)

to increase the surface area to volume ratio for ATP production

60.

Letter F is which structure of the mitochondria?

a)

inner membrane

b)

outer membrane

c)

cristae

d)

matrix

61.
A/An ____________is the smallest unit of life.
a)
atom
b)
stimulus
c)
cell
d)
DNA

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