WorksheetsPhysical Science Unit 2 Review
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 3hrs 48mins
The graph represents the heating of water in a pot. At 150 seconds, the water has just reached a boil. If the heat is left on, what will happen to the temperature and volume of water in the pot? (All temperatures in °C.)
The temperature will rise, and the water volume will decrease.
The temperature will rise, and the water volume will remain constant.
The temperature will remain constant, and the water volume will decrease.
The temperature will remain constant, and the water volume will remain constant.
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
When liquid water is heated, the molecules move faster.
When liquid water is heated, the molecules collide more often.
When liquid water is heated, collisions between molecules are more violent.
All of these
In a pressure cooker, a lid is screwed tightly onto a pot so that the air pressure in the pot is increased. What effect, if any, will this have on the boiling point of water in the pot?
boiling point is raised
boiling point lowered
boiling point unaffected
none of these
Which of the following descriptions explains the process of water freezing?
Water molecules speed up until they escape into a different phase.
Water molecules slow down until they begin to bond together.
Water molecules are squeezed together by high pressure until they begin to stick to one another.
As water molecules cool, their shape changes from rounded to irregular, making them more likely to link to one another.
Which of the graphs below illustrates water boiling in Denver, Colorado? (Altitude 1,600 meters.)
A
B
C
D
Reversible physical change that occurs when substance changes from one state of matter to another.
(a)
solid to liquid
(a)
solid to gas
(a)
liquid to a gas
(a)
liquid to a solid
(a)
gas to a solid
(a)
gas to a liquid
(a)
change that absorbs energy from its surroundings
(a)
amount of energy needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid
(a)
change that releases energy to its surroundings
(a)
amount of energy needed to change a substance from a liquid to a gas
(a)
liquid to a gas only at the surface
(a)
the pressure caused by the collisions of a vapor & the walls of its container
(a)
During a phase change, a substance undergoes a(n)
reversible change from one state to another
irreversible change from one state to another.
reversible change to a different substance
irreversible change to a different substance
Why does ice change to water as energy is added at the melting point?
Kinetic energy is removed from the molecules so they separate
Molecular motion decreases until the temperature begins to increase
Molecules vibrate quicker, and their motion overcomes the forces of attraction
All of the forces of attraction between molecules disappear at the melting point
Which three phase changes are exothermic?
freezing, condensation, deposition
vaporization, boiling, evaporation
condensation, vaporization, melting
fusion, sublimation, vaporization
As a liquid undergoes a phase change to the gas state, its temperature increases
true
false
Most of the matter in the universe is:
solid
liquid
gas
plasma
Bose-Einstein condensate
Which of these describes gases based on the kinetic theory?
particles of gas are in motion part of the time & stationary part of the time
gas particles are not affected by collisions with other gas particles
particles in a gas are arranged in an orderly fashion
forces of attraction between particles can be ignored uner ordinary conditions
Materials are classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on their
temp. & density
shape & volume
chemical composition
reactivity
What causes the pressure to increase if more gas particles are added to a closed container?
an increase in the number of collisions between the gas and the container walls
a decrease in the volume of the container
a decrease in the size of each particle as the number of particles increases
an increase in the number of collisions between air particles and the outside of the container
2.When first blown up, a balloon is firm because of the air pressure inside it. However, after time, the balloon becomes soft as the air pressure inside drops. What could have caused the air pressure to decrease?
increase in air temperature
decrease in the balloon's volume
decrease in the number of air particles as they leaded out of the balloon
a chemical reaction between the air particles & the balloon
3.A gas has a volume of 15 L, a temperature of 300 K, and an unknown initial pressure. Then, the gas expands to 30 L, remains at 300 K, and has a pressure of 300 kPa. What was the initial pressure of the gas?
150 kPa
600 kPa
330 kPa
570 kPa
According to Charles’s law, the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a gas is
direct
inverse
exponential
inverse square
When the temperature of the gas in closed container is increased, the pressure increases.
True
False
The volume of the ideal gas in the container is 9 m3. What would the volume be if four more blocks were placed on top of the lid of the container with the temperature of the gas kept constant? (The lid itself has a mass equal to that of two blocks.)
81
18
4.5
3
Which of the following graphs correctly represents the relationship between the pressure and the volume of an ideal gas that is held at constant temperature?
A
B
C
D
The temperature of the ideal gas in the container shown is 300 K. The gas occupies a volume of 1.27 m3. What would be the volume of the gas if its temperature were decreased to 100 K? No blocks are added to or removed from the lid.
0.423
.635
1.27
3.81
Which of the following graphs correctly represents the relationship between the temperature and the volume of an ideal gas that is held at constant pressure?
A
B
C
D
The volume of an ideal gas in a container is 2.0 L. What will be the volume of the gas if the pressure on the container is doubled while the temperature is reduced from 400 K to 200 K?
0.5
2.0
4.0
8.0
Every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same composition and the same properties.
True
False
A substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
(a)
The smallest particle of an element is an atom.
True
False
Select all that apply: Which is a gas at room temperature?
carbon
mercury
oxygen
nitrogen
Element Symbol: C
(a)
Element symbol: Al
(a)
Element symbol: Au
(a)
A substance that is made from two or more simple substances & can be broken down into those simple substances.
(a)
Which is FALSE?
A compound contains at least 2 elements
The substances that make a compound are always in fixed proportions
A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is formed
A compound can be broken down into simpler substances
A mixture whose parts are noticeable different from one another
(a)
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which it is difficult to distinguish the substances from one another.
True
False
Which of these would be sugar dissolved in water?
solution
colloid
suspension
substance
Which of these has the largest particle size?
solution
colloid
suspension
Which of these is heterogeneous?
solution
colloid
suspension
Choose all that would be considered a colloid?
windshield wider fluid
fog
milk
muddy water
If salt water is poured through a filter, the salt will be trapped on the filter.
True
False
The properties of a mixture vary because the composition is not ________.
homogenous
heterogeneous
fixed
Which of these has the smallest particle size?
solution
colloid
suspension
Which of these has intermediate particle size?
solution
colloid
suspension
Based on the diagram, rank the three objects from least dense to most dense.
X, Z, Y
Z, Y, X
X, Y, Z
Y, Z, X
An object is most likely to sink in water if ___________.
it has a large mass
it has a large volume
it has a high density
it has a low density
A ball has a mass of 33.6 grams and a volume of 14.0 cubic centimeters. What is its density?
0.42 g/cm3
2.4 g/cm3
19.6 g/cm3
470.4 g/cm3
3 balls were measured & placed in liquid. Based on this data, what could be the density of the liquid?
1.1 g/mL
1.0 g/mL
0.9 g/mL
0.8 g/mL
As the diagram shows, most of an iceberg is actually out of sight, below the water level. Based on this diagram, what is the most likely density of the iceberg? (Seawater is 1.03 g/mL)
0.88 g/mL
1.23 g/mL
0.23 g/mL
4.14 g/mL
The tendency of a liquid to resist flowing.
(a)
The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
(a)
The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.
(a)
A (a) is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.
A liquid with a high viscosity flows more slowly than a liquid with a low viscosity at the same temperature.
True
False
Discovering which of the 2 materials can scratch the other is a way to compare the hardness of the materials.
True
False
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
(a)
The ability to allow heat to flow.
(a)
The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume
(a)
Usually, people consider only one property when choosing a material
True
False
In a physical change, some of the substances in a material change, but the properties of the material stay the same.
True
False
Select all that would be a REVERSIBLE physical change
wrinkling a shirt
freezing water
cutting paper
peeling an orange
Select all that could be used to separate a mixture.
filtration
distillation
precipitation
condensation
Which of these properties is a chemical property?
yellow
flammable
brittle
soft
Which of the following is not a common type of evidence for a chemical change?
a change of state
a color change
a gas is produced
a precipitate formed
You can be certain that a chemical change has occurred when:
there is a visible change
the change is irreversible
the temperature changes
a new substance is formed
Any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.
(a)
A material's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.
(a)
The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances.
(a)
Occurs when a substance reacts & forms one or more new substances.
(a)
Any solid that forms & separates from a liquid mixture.
(a)
A white powder is added to a solution. The images show observations made before the powder is added, just after the powder has been added, and a little while later. (The liquid in the small beaker is phenol red solution.) What evidence shows that a chemical change has taken place?
A gas is produced
The pH changes
The temperature changes
All of these
A reaction produces a gas, which is collected in a glass cylinder. When a glowing splint is placed inside the container, it burns brightly, as shown. Which gas was produced in the reaction?
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Ammonia
A chemical reaction is done in the setup shown, resulting in a change of mass. What will happen if the same reaction is done in a sealed container that is placed on the electronic balance?
The mass will decrease because matter is lost in this reaction.
The mass will stay the same because the gases produced in the reaction are kept inside the container.
The mass will increase because the solids react with gas to produce more solids.
There is not enough information to predict whether the mass will increase, decrease, or stay the same during the reaction in a closed container.
