wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

Assessment of Learning

Total questions: 151

Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An assessment for learning so teachers can make adjustment in their instruction.

a)

Summative Assessment

b)

Quarterly Assessment

c)

Formative Assessment

2.

True or False: Summative Assessment can be given before, during and after the teaching and learning process.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

This is a joint process that involves both teachers and learners and an integral part of teaching and learning.

a)

Classroom Instruction

b)

Classroom Assessment

c)

Classroom Management

d)

Classroom Instructional Materials

4.

This is a joint process that involves both teachers and learners and an integral part of teaching and learning.

a)

Classroom Instruction

b)

Classroom Assessment

c)

Classroom Management

d)

Classroom Instructional Materials

5.

True or False: Written works, performance tasks and quarterly assessment are the components of formative assessment.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

This allow the learners to show what they know and are able to do in diverse ways.

a)

Written Works

b)

Performance Task

c)

Quarterly Assessment

7.

Formative Assessment should be designed to

a)

provide teachers feedback on what students know/understand following a lesson

b)

help students understand how well they are meeting the learning target

c)

inform teachers what concepts need to be retaught

d)

all choice are correct

8.

Formative Assessment should be designed to

a)

provide teachers feedback on what students know/understand following a lesson

b)

help students understand how well they are meeting the learning target

c)

inform teachers what concepts need to be retaught

d)

all choice are correct

9.
Utilizing technology for formative assessment 
a)
allows teachers to collect instant feedback
b)
can provide more specific feedback for each standard
c)
both answers are correct
10.
Utilizing technology for formative assessment 
a)
allows teachers to collect instant feedback
b)
can provide more specific feedback for each standard
c)
both answers are correct
11.
What do we use the results of formative assessments for as educators?
a)
to adjust ongoing teaching and learning 
b)
to adjust instructional strategies
c)
to plan to differentiate instruction 
d)
all the answers are correct
12.
When, as educators, do we conduct formative assessments?
a)
during the learning process
b)
before the learning process
c)
at the end of the learning process
d)
during, before, AND at the end of the learning process
13.
What determines whether the assessment is formative or summative?
a)
difficulty of assessment
b)
when, in the class period, it is being conducted
c)
the length of the assessment
d)
how the results are used
14.

What do we assess?

a)

Students' understanding

b)

Knowledge and Skills

c)

Knowledge, Skills and Conceptual understanding

d)

Skills and Attributes

15.

Why do we assess?

a)

to grade learners

b)

to give feedback to students

c)

to inform learning and teaching

d)

to improve learning

16.

Only the teacher will do the assessment.

a)

True

b)

False

17.

Assessment is an integral part of instruction, as

a)

it determines the grades of students

b)

it determines whether or not the goals of education are being met.

c)

it helps to enhance students' learning

d)

It improves instruction

18.

Pick out the right order from the below options.

a)

Teaching - Assessing - Planning - Analyzing and acting

b)

Assessing - Planning - Analyzing and acting - Teaching

c)

Planning - Teaching - Assessing - Analyzing and acting

19.

Purpose of Assessment

a)

Promote student learning

b)

Provide information about student learning

c)

Contribute to successful implementation of the program

d)

All of the above

20.

___________________________ will have a high impact on students' learning journey and help us guide our instruction and teaching.

a)

Formative assessments

b)

Summative Assessment

c)

Pre - assessment

21.

___________________________ will have a high impact on students' learning journey and help us guide our instruction and teaching.

a)

Formative assessments

b)

Summative Assessment

c)

Pre - assessment

22.

Good formative feedback will enable both the teacher and pupil to plan together what the next stage of their progression will be.

a)

True

b)

False

23.

Why do you think both formative and summative assessment have a very important role to play in the classroom and in schools.

4 lines
24.

in education today, teachers remain as the only source of knowledge

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

25.

Promotion in a job is an example of a Deferred outcome

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

26.

Imitating is part of the categories in the Psychomotor Domain

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

27.

The proponent of Bloom's Taxonomy is Bart Bloom

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

28.

True of False is an Subjective type test

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

29.

given are the three domains in learning, Except

a)

Psychomotor

b)

Cognitive

c)

Psycho spiritual

d)

Affective

30.

Follows that the focus of instruction was content and subject matter

a)

Education Before

b)

Education now

c)

Education in the Future

d)

Education for some

31.

Match the following outcome verbs to the following categories of the Cognitive Domain (Categorize, Compile ,Combine, Compose)

a)

Remembering

b)

Analyzing

c)

Evaluating

d)

Creating

32.

The Rule "Make all distractors plausible" is applicable to what type of objective test

(a)  

33.

What type of test require students to organize their thoughts on a subject matter in coherent sentences?

(a)  

34.

It measures performances or products which has realistic meaning that can be attributed to the success in school.

a)

Authentic

b)

Formative

c)

Summative

d)

Traditional

35.

It is used to determine how much students have learned at the end of term, unit, or academic year.

a)

Authentic

b)

Formative

c)

Summative

d)

Traditional

36.

It refers to a global approach in the assessment of a student-learning outcome.

a)

Analytic

b)

Contextualized

c)

Decontextualized

d)

Holistic

37.

This often focuses on learner’s ability of memorization and recall.

a)

Authentic

b)

Contextualized

c)

Holistic

d)

Traditional

38.

It uses performance-based tasks which are authentic in nature.

a)

Contextualized

b)

Decontextualized

c)

Holistic

d)

Traditional

39.

This assessment gives information on what the students can perform by comparing another student.

a)

Criterion-referenced

b)

Decontextualized

c)

Norm-referenced

d)

Summative

40.

It describes the performance of the students without reference to the performance of others.

a)

Contextualized

b)

Criterion-referenced

c)

Decontextualized

d)

Norm-referenced

41.

It occurs at three points of instruction: during instruction, between lessons, and between units.

a)

Analytic

b)

Formative

c)

Holistic

d)

Summative

42.

This assessment is made specific based on the importance of the performance.

a)

Analytic

b)

Formative

c)

Holistic

d)

Summative

43.

This assessment is made specific based on the importance of the performance.

a)

Analytic

b)

Formative

c)

Holistic

d)

Summative

44.

It is the ongoing process of gathering, analysing and reflecting on evidence to make informed and consistent judgements to improve future student learning. What is it? (Use CAPITAL LETTERS)

(a)  

45.

There are 3 purposes of assessment mentioned. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

a)

Assessment of Learning

b)

Assessment on Learning

c)

Assessment for Learning

d)

Assessment as Learning

46.

What category of assessment is referred as the frequent, interactive assessments of student progress and understanding to identify learning needs and adjust teaching appropriately?

a)

Diagnostic

b)

Summative

c)

Formative

47.

What do you call the kind of online assessment conducted with real- time online interactions between the teacher and the learners or among learners? (Use CAPITAL LETTERS and do not abbreviate)

(a)  

48.

Electronic learning assessment can motivate students in their studies. Is it true or false?

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

49.

Which of the following online tools can be utilised in making infographics and posters?

a)

Canva

b)

Quizizz

c)

Kahoot

d)

Google Forms

50.
Why should I use formative assessment?
a)
to make decisions about current instruction
b)
to check for understanding of student learning
c)
to make decisions about future instruction
d)
all of the above
51.
Teachers should use the same formative assessments every time.
a)
True
b)
False
52.
Why is formative assessment important? 
a)
It is used to guide instruction
b)
Adds a grade to the gradebook
c)
Tells teachers who their advanced learners are
d)
Shows administration evidence of teacher planning
53.

Formative assessment is assessment

a)

given prior to instruction

b)

used during instruction

c)

used for standards based grading

d)

given at the end of a unit

54.

Which of the following is NOT a typical example of formative assessment?

a)

K-W-L Chart

b)

Student Response Cards

c)

Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down

d)

Unit Test

55.
Of the following statements, identify which of these are TRUE of formative assessment.
a)
A.  They must always be graded
b)
B.   They provide valuable feedback for students
c)
C.   They provide valuable feedback for teachers
d)
D.     B & C
56.
What is required for an assessment to be considered a formative assessment?
a)
A.  Data is reported
b)
B.  Data is used to influence instruction
c)
C.  Data changes curriculum mapping
d)
D.    A & C
57.
Frequent feedback is always formative.
a)
False
b)
True
58.

In norm refernced grading

a)

Students are compared

b)

Questions are compared

c)

Compare with a standard

d)

None of the Abouve

59.

(Pick as many choices as you like) A grade should reflect...

a)

the level of mastery for the objectives taught during the marking period.

b)

how much homework they completed.

c)

an average of all work completed with zero for work not-completed.

d)

an average of summative assessments completed.

60.
True or False
Traditional grading shows mastery of all standards taught during a lesson.
a)
True
b)
False
61.

Which is a benefit for teachers to use standards based grading?

a)

Measures performance on standards

b)

Can be used for reteaching

c)

Track student achievement for each standard

d)

All of the choices are correct

62.
"Corey, stop talking, that will be a minus ten from your spelling test..." Which grading system is this?
a)
Standards Based Grading
b)
Traditional Grading 
63.
How can Standards Based Grading promote student responsibility of their learning?
a)
By giving them grades for completing assignments
b)
By letting them see their own progress and record their success
c)
By letting them see their letter grade
d)
By giving their parents their results 
64.
How can Standards Based Grading promote student responsibility of their learning?
a)
By giving them grades for completing assignments
b)
By letting them see their own progress and record their success
c)
By letting them see their letter grade
d)
By giving their parents their results 
65.

Teachers can measure mastery through a variety of measures, included but not limited to:

a)

Discussions, Demonstration of skills, written and oral reports, end of unit projects, and performance on tests

b)

Written and Oral Reports Only

c)

End of Unit projects and performance on tests Only

d)

Homework Only

66.

What should grades and reports be based on?

a)

Clearly specified teaching goals and performance standards

b)

Clearly specified learning goals and performance standards

c)

Loosely specified learning goals and performance

67.

Grading and assessment are not __________ terms.

a)

autonomous

b)

anonymous

c)

synonymous

68.

Which grading system known as criterion referenced

a)

direct grading

b)

indirect grading

c)

relative grading

d)

absolute grading

69.

LET exam is an example of

a)

criterion referenced

b)

norm referenced

c)

portfolio

d)

indirect grading

70.

In norm referenced grading

a)

Students are compared

b)

Questions are compared

c)

Compare with a standard

d)

None of these

71.

Which of the following questions indicate a norm - referred interpretation?

a)

How does the pupils test performance in our school compare with that of other schools?

b)

How does a pupil's test performance in reading and mathematics compare?

c)

What type of remedial work will be most helpful for a slow- learning pupil?

d)

Which pupils have achieved master of computational skills?

72.

Which statements represent criterion-referenced interpretation?

a)

Lucresia did better in solving the linear equation than 80% of representative Algebra students.

b)

Lucresia's score indicates that she is able to solve about two thirds of all one-variable linear equations of such complexity.

c)

Students who have reached Lucresia's level on linear equations usually succeed in the subsequent unit on simultaneous equations with special help or extra time; i.e., Lucresia is ready to move ahead.

73.

Which of the following gives emphasis on consistency of assessment result?

a)

Validity

b)

Quality

c)

Reliability

d)

Look & Feel

74.

Who will be involved in the planning process?

a)

Learners

b)

Teachers

c)

Parents

75.

Assessment may happen only after the discussion

a)

agree

b)

disagree

76.

The National Achievement Test is an example of what kind of assessment?

a)

diagnostic assessment

b)

formative assessment

c)

summative assessment

77.

Which of the following was not discussed as an example of assessment

a)

observation

b)

checklist

c)

tests

d)

performance task

78.

Assessment occur during the learning activity

a)

Formative Assessment

b)

Summative Assessment

79.

Provide students with feedback

a)

Formative Assessment

b)

Summative Assessment

80.
This type of assessment identifies the learners' needs?
a)
Initial 
b)
Formative
c)
Summative
81.
This type of assessment tracks learners' progress?
a)
Initial 
b)
Formative
c)
Summative
82.
This type of assessment is used to assess the achievement of learners? 
a)
Initial 
b)
Formative
c)
Summative
83.
This type of assessment is a continuous process of review, conducted throughout the programme?
a)
Initial 
b)
Formative
c)
Summative
84.
This type of assessment measures the level of attainment by a learner against set criteria?
a)
Initial 
b)
Formative
c)
Summative
85.
This type of assessment takes place at the end of the unit/course?
a)
Initial 
b)
Formative
c)
Summative
86.
This type of assessment can be used to identify where extra support is needed?
a)
Initial 
b)
Formative
c)
Summative
87.

Teachers use formative assessment to improve instructional methods and student feedback throughout the teaching and learning process. What are the formative assessments?

a)

They are used to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional programs.

b)

Entrance Exams

c)

On going assessments, reviews, and observations in a classroom.

d)

Judgments on/of student competency

88.

What are summative assessments used to determine ?

a)

If students have mastered specific competencies and to identify instructional areas that need additional attention.

b)

Instructional methods and student feedback

c)

Valid instruction

d)

On going assignments, reviews, and observations.

89.

Choose one that is not types of formative assessment?

a)

Essays

b)

Quizzes

c)

Observation

d)

Final exam

90.

Choose one that is not types of summative assessment?

a)

Final exam

b)

Essay

c)

National test

d)

Entrance Exam

91.

A classroom assessment used to measure the level of achievement on learning targets and subsequently to determine report card grades is?

a)

Summative

b)

Formative

92.

A scoring tool that lists the criteria for judging a particular type of work.

a)

course evaluation

b)

validity

c)

peer evaluation

d)

rubric

93.

A simple list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered when evaluating learning.

a)

student portfolio

b)

checklist

c)

peer evaluation

d)

rubric

94.

This intelligence refers to finding the right words to express your ideas

a)

spatial

b)

naturalist

c)

interpersonal

d)

linguistic

95.

This intelligence refers to learn through try and error

a)

intrapersonal

b)

logical-mathematical

c)

musical

d)

bodily-kinesthetic

96.

This intelligence refers to learn through enjoying sounds, rhythm and moving

a)

intrapersonal

b)

logical-mathematical

c)

musical

d)

bodily-kinesthetic

97.

This intelligence refers to learning through moving a lot to coordinate with your mind

a)

intrapersonal

b)

logical-mathematical

c)

musical

d)

bodily-kinesthetic

98.

This intelligence refers to understanding yourself, your emotions and desires

a)

intrapersonal

b)

logical-mathematical

c)

musical

d)

bodily-kinesthetic

99.

Extrovert

a)

Social, Outgoing, energized around people, speaks before thinks.

b)

Quiet, reserved, energized when alone, thinks before speaks.

c)

Flexible, changes plans easily, procrastinator.

d)

Organized, planner, follows the routine they set.

100.

Introvert

a)

Social, Outgoing, energized around people, speaks before thinks.

b)

Quiet, reserved, energized when alone, thinks before speaks.

c)

Flexible, changes plans easily, procrastinator.

d)

Organized, planner, follows the routine they set.

101.

Judging

a)

Social, Outgoing, energized around people, speaks before thinks.

b)

Quiet, reserved, energized when alone, thinks before speaks.

c)

Flexible, changes plans easily, procrastinator.

d)

Organized, planner, follows the routine they set.

102.

Perceiving

a)

Social, Outgoing, energized around people, speaks before thinks.

b)

Quiet, reserved, energized when alone, thinks before speaks.

c)

Flexible, changes plans easily, procrastinator.

d)

Organized, planner, follows the routine they set.

103.

Thinking

a)

Social, Outgoing, energized around people, speaks before thinks.

b)

Logic, fact based, hides feelings.

c)

Flexible, changes plans easily, procrastinator.

d)

Empathetic, sensitive, emotionally connected.

104.

Feeling

a)

Social, Outgoing, energized around people, speaks before thinks.

b)

Logic, fact based, hides feelings.

c)

Present focused, practical, realist, close minded.

d)

Empathetic, sensitive, emotionally connected.

105.

Intuitive

a)

Social, Outgoing, energized around people, speaks before thinks.

b)

Open, curious, deep thinking, daydreamer.

c)

Present focused, practical, realist, close minded.

d)

Empathetic, sensitive, emotionally connected.

106.

Choose the correct Types of assessment.

a)

formative, and summative

b)

diagnostic

c)

No one

d)

formative, summative and diagnostic

107.

What is the type of assesment that help you identify your students’ current knowledge of a subject?

a)

Public

b)

Diagnostic

c)

Formative

d)

Summative

108.

Whis are the Types of Diagnostic Assessments?

a)

Pre-test, Self assessment, diagnostic, summative

b)

Summative, pre test, formative, self assessment

c)

Pre-test, self assessment, Discussion board, Interviews.

d)

No one

109.

This assessment provides feedback and information during the instructional process, while learning is taking place, and while learning is occurring.

a)

Summative

b)

Formative assessment

c)

feed back

d)

Pre tests

110.

Which are types of Formative Assessment?

a)

Observation, homework, class activities, students feedback

b)

Rubrics and check lists

c)

Book exercises, portafolios

d)

tests and evaluations

111.

It helps you to be more objective when deriving a final, summative grade by following the same criteria students used to complete the project.

a)

Check list

b)

Formative

c)

Rubric

d)

Portafolio

112.

It is an assessment more product-oriented and assesses the final product,

a)

assessment

b)

Formative

c)

check list

d)

Summative

113.
Why is formative assessment important? 
a)
It is used to guide instruction
b)
Adds a grade to the gradebook
c)
Tells teachers who their advanced learners are
d)
Shows administration evidence of teacher planning
114.
Teachers should use the same formative assessments every time.
a)
True
b)
False
115.

Measure the degree of the student's acquisition/mastery of competencies.

a)

Assessment

b)

Knowledge

c)

Learning System

116.

Assessment given to check the mastery of learning. (recorded and computed)

a)

Summative

b)

Formative

c)

Performance Tasks

117.

It refers to skills that go beyond memorizing information or remembering stories.

a)

Higher-Order Thinking Skills

b)

Psychomotor Skills

c)

Interpersonal Skills

d)

Self-management Skills

118.

It is an important skill that moves a student from concrete ideas to abstract and inferred concepts.

a)

Creative Thinking

b)

Reflective Thinking

c)

Non-directed Thinking

d)

Critical Thinking

119.

It is a valuable skill (companion to critical thinking) that helps you look at problems and situations from a fresh perspective and in an interesting way.

a)

Reflective Thinking

b)

Creative Thinking

c)

Non-directive Thinking

d)

Associative Thinking

120.

It is the ability to compose or combine the parts or elements so as to form a whole.

a)

Comprehending

b)

Analyzing

c)

Synthesizing

d)

Applying

121.

It is the ability to understand the nature or meaning of a theme, event or any written materials.

a)

Comprehending

b)

Reasoning

c)

Synthesizing

d)

Applying

122.

The ability to produce an output based on the knowledge obtained.

a)

Evaluating

b)

Reasoning

c)

Applying

d)

Creating

123.

He was the main proponent of the "Cognitive Taxonomy."

a)

Benjamin Bloom

b)

Lorin Anderson

c)

David Krathwohl

d)

Jean Piaget

124.

He was the former student of Benjamin Bloom who revised the Cognitive Taxonomy to be more adaptive to our current age.

a)

Jean Piaget

b)

Abraham Maslow

c)

David Krathwohl

d)

Lorin Anderson

125.

The following are the specific domains of learning objectives except for:

a)

Cognitive

b)

Communication

c)

Affective

d)

Psychomotor

126.

It is the learner's ability to use motor skills to learn.

a)

Cognitive

b)

Behavior

c)

Affective

d)

Psychomotor

127.

It is the lowest scale or level of thinking skill as stated in the Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy.

a)

Comprehension

b)

Knowledge

c)

Analysis

d)

Application

128.

It is the highest form or level of thinking skill based on the revised Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy.

a)

Evaluate

b)

Create

c)

Apply

d)

Analyse

129.

It is the level of thinking skill where the students can justify a stand or decision.

a)

Evaluate

b)

Understand

c)

Apply

d)

Remember

130.

It is the level of thinking skill where the students can justify a stand or decision.

a)

Evaluate

b)

Understand

c)

Apply

d)

Remember

131.

It is the level of thinking skill where the students can use information in a new way.

a)

Evaluate

b)

Understand

c)

Apply

d)

Remember

132.

Critical thinking basically means ....

a)

thinking a lot about an issue.

b)

evaluating information to identify false ideas.

133.

Bloom's taxonomy is a (a)   system that looks at different levels of learning.

134.

The higher-order thinking skills are... (Mark all that apply)

a)

evaluating

b)

applying

c)

analyzing

d)

understanding

e)

creating

135.

Which of the following is higher order thinking in Bloom’s Taxonomy?

a)

Understanding

b)

Creating

c)

Evaluating

136.

What level can you associate the verb “label” with?

a)

Remembering

b)

Creating

c)

Applying

137.

Reorganize elements into a new structure refers to…

a)

Creating

b)

Applying

c)

Analyzing

138.

Bloom chose a pyramid because the higher levels build upon the lower levels.

a)

True

b)

False

139.

According to Bloom, before you can remember something, you must understand it.

a)

True

b)

False

140.

Text 3. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

a)

To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel sleepy

b)

To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating

c)

To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain

d)

To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods

e)

To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating

141.

By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….

a)

foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, eggs, fish, tofu, cheese and soybeans can generate more drowsiness

b)

overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain’s ability to function well

c)

the reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy

d)

food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy

e)

the hormone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for sleepiness after eating

142.

It can be predicted from the passage that….

a)

the finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel

b)

the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain

c)

the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy

d)

the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy

e)

the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body

143.

What is the best summary of the passage?

a)

The primary destinations for Indonesian coffee export are the US, Japan and Western Europe

b)

Total production of Indonesian coffee over the same period has increased

c)

Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region

d)

The various coffee-growing in the country produce beans of distinct flavors

e)

Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital

144.

Why does Discovery learning important to improve Higher Order Thinking Skill in Fraction?

a)

through process concrete, pictorial, and abstract to construct long term fraction concept

b)

Discovery learning meets with the stages of the students in primary school grade 4,5,6, which are operational concrete

c)

Discovery Learning focuses on the assessment of fraction, and learn from the review of assessment

d)

Discovery Learning for 4,5,6 grade worked mostly students center, and teacher only as a facilitator (pure discovery)

145.

What is the importance of Higher Order Thinking Skill in your Classroom?

a)

Raising up the quality of education in the classroom and in the District

b)

Providing students with the skills and motivation to become innovative idea benefit for their future

c)

Give the students skill to face mandatory final Exam in the country with good score

d)

Impress the parents to take part in the education,

146.

To improve Higher Order Thinking Skill, we don't need Lower Order thinking Skill.

a)

True

b)

False

147.

What are the four 21st Century Skills?

a)

Communication, Collaboration, Critical Reflection, Creativity

b)

Communication, Constructivism, Critical Thinking, Creativity

c)

Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, Cooperative Learning

d)

Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, Creativity

148.

At the knowledge level, students will

a)

Argue the point

b)

Recall information

c)

Categorize topics

d)

Calculate distances

149.

Which of the following belongs to the Higher Order Thinking Skills under the Bloom's Digital Taxonomy?

a)

Synthesis

b)

Comprehension

c)

Knowledge

d)

Application

150.
When practicing HOTS in the classroom, most questions should be at one of the top three levels.
a)
True
b)
False
151.
The ultimate goal of HOTS is for students to...
a)
be able to answer all the teacher's questions successfully
b)
develop purposeful questions of their own
c)
work together collaboratively
d)
recall information quickly