Argument that the United States was destined to expand across North America.

An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect

and further the rights and interests of the workers.

a period of U.S. history in the late 1800’s noted for political corruption, financial

speculation, and the opulent lives of wealthy industrialists and financiers.

Presidential decree, effective January 1, 1863, that freed slaves in

Confederate-held territory.

Federal governments effort between 1865 and 1877 to repair the damage to the South

caused by the Civil War and to restore southern states to the Union

The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those

of immigrants.

Nickname given to the 13 th , 14 th and 15 th amendments which ended

slavery and secured voting rights and equal protection for African Americans.

the often wild land or territory that forms the furthest extent of a country's settled or

inhabited regions.

Group of white southerners against Radical Reconstruction. They challenged attempts

at racial equality by intimidating blacks, and others.

a person who organizes and manages a business, usually with considerable initiative

and risk.

New York City politician who was able to defraud taxpayers out of millions

of dollars; he would eventually become symbolic of the greed and corruption of the Gilded Age.

belief not only in personal liberty and self-reliance but also in free economic

and social competition.

New technique, patented in 1856, for making stronger steel more efficiently.

Complete control of a product or service. Many of these appeared during the post Civil-War industrialism. Allowed America to progress but at the same time controlled prices and competition.

an American inventor and businessman whose inventions included the phonograph,

the motion picture camera, and the electric light bulb

Law passed in 1890 that outlawed any combination of companies that

restrained trade or commerce. Early attempt to outlaw monopolies.

concern for human welfare and advancement, usually manifested by donations of

money, property, or work

Presidential declaration in 1823 which stated that the United States would oppose

efforts of any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere

movement of populations toward the city; expansion of population, industry and

infrastructure within a small geographical space.

Process in which over-time immigrant groups take on the customs and institutions

of the United States.

Movement of an estimated 100,000 people and equipment to Alaska in search

of gold between 1897-1899.

Sought to organize only skilled workers in a network of

smaller unions, each devoted to a specific craft.

the application of Christian principles to Progressive Era problems including

alcoholism, crime, racial tensions and child labor.

1863 law that offered 160 acres of western land to settlers - resulted in the quick

settlement of the West.

a policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations, designed to achieve

national objectives.

System by which the federal government set aside a specified area of land for Native

Americans.

1887Act of Congress by which the federal government sought to assimilate Native

Americans into the mainstream culture.

1890 shooting by army troops of a group of unarmed Sioux. Marked

the end of any widespread Native American resistance to the U.S. government.

Political group formed in 1892 to advocate a larger money supply and other economic

reforms being called for by farmers.

author and Naval historian, whose book The Influence of Sea Power on

History was a major cause for the European naval arms race in the 1890s

essential in the westernization of Hawaii, was appointed by President McKinley as

the provisional President of the Republic of Hawaii in 1900.

A government policy of not interfering in private business. Hands Off

a failed proposal by American Secretary of State, John Hay to allow multiple

Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country.

Law passed in 1882 that prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the

country

1907 agreement between the United States and Japan that restricted

Japanese immigration.

Crowded apartment buildings with poor standards of sanitation, safety, and comfort

Place in the New York Harbor where immigrants were required to undergo a physical

examination before entering the United States.

Community center organized to provide various services to immigrants.

when customs, beliefs and social activities are spread through different ethnicities,

religions, nationalities as people come in contact with one another.

the policy of extending the rule or authority of a nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies.

the U.S. federal agency that was created on August 25, 1916 to manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties.

Author, progressive and muckraker who wrote over 100 books, the most famous of which The Jungle exposed dangerous and unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry.

American political parties which are neither Democrat nor Republican, often formed by groups with specific political or social issues that are not being addressed by either party.

prominent progressive and woman’s rights activist, co-founder of the Women’s Christian Temperance Movement, was a key force in the fight for women’s suffrage.

System of laws that segregated public services by race, beginning in the 1890's

Was sunk by an explosion in a Cuban harbor in 1898. Newspaper coverage blamed its sinking on the Spanish.

1887 law that regulated railroads and other interstate businesses

An economic and political philosophy that favors public control of property when it is deemed a basic human necessity.

Journalists who uncover wrongdoing on the part of politicians or corporations. Term created by Theodore Roosevelt.

Nation's central banking system, established in 1913, which has successfully regulated the supply of money in the U.S.

Outlawed interstate transportation of impure or diluted foods and the deliberate mislabeling of foods and drugs

Person concerned with the care and protection of natural resources through "managed use".

Court case which legalized segregation and, by doing so, established the constitutionality of the rule of "separate but equal."

African American leader from the late 1800s until his death in 1915; founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; encouraged African Americans to learn trades and become economically self-sufficient before calling for equal rights.

Organization formed in 1910 to advance the cause of African Americans by fighting for equal rights. Created in part by W.E.B. DuBois.

1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine in which the President asserted the right of the United States to intervene in Latin American nations to ensure stability in the Western hemisphere.

Created a shorter route between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans

President Taft's policy of encouraging American investment abroad.

Type of newspaper coverage that emphasized sensational stories of crime and scandal. Used these hyped stories to increase newspaper circulation.

Gave women suffrage, the right to vote. Ratified in 1920

Pledge by the German government in 1916 that its submarines would warn ships before attacking.

Officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I, credited with efficiently preparing young American forces for war.

Final offensive by Allied forces in WWI, led to the eventual surrender by Germany; largest number of American causalities of any single American military offensives.

International organization, formed after World War I, which aimed to promote security and peace for all members.

President Wilson’s plan for post WWI Europe; included were freedom of the Seas, a league of Nations and a push toward democracy and free governments.

Peace treaty ending WWI which stripped Germany of its economic and military power, bitterness over the treaty eventually helped strengthen the NAZI party.

American Senator who opposed American involvement in the League of Nations and pushed for Congressional approval of all Declarations of War.

the policy of isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments or international agreements.

During these, the Attorney General rounded up several hundred suspected communists. These were done to ease the fears of Americans during the "red scare" of the 1920s.

President who said, "The business of America is business"; Epitomized laissez-faire policy by cutting back on the government's role in the economy.

campaign promise by United States presidential candidate Warren G. Harding’s in the election of 1920, marked a shift toward American isolationism in the 1920’s.

Term coined during the 1920s to describe a young woman with a fondness for dancing and brash actions.

Aviator who became an international hero when he made the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. Young and old looked up to this hero because he epitomized traditional values while using new technology.

Scandal in which the Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding.

African American cultural awakening of the 1920s - blacks made contributions in art, literature and music.

1925 court case in Tennessee that focused on the issue of teaching evolution in public schools

founded the Ford Motor Company, revolutionized assembly line production, his Model-T made the dream of an affordable car possible for millions of Americans.

the legal prohibiting of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks for common consumption, aka Temperance Movement

American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Her influence was instrumental in the passage of 19th Amendment.